Effect of montmorillonite on hydrate-based methane separation from mine gas

Three types of mine gas samples were used in the solutions of tetrahydrofuran(THF),sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)and THF-SDS with/without MMT respectively to investigate the effect of montmorillonite(MMT)on separation characteristics of methane recovered from mine gas based on hydrate method.The partition coefficient,separation factor and recovery rate were used to evaluate the effects of MMT,and the selection factor was primarily proposed to define the selectivity of mine gas hydrate in the relative target gases.The experimental results indicate that MMT could improve the following factors including hydration separation factor,the selection factor,the partition coefficient,and the recovery rate.Furthermore,the effect of SDS on the function of MMT is analyzed in the process of hydration separation.Finally,due to the results of the experiment,it is concluded that MMT hydration mechanism explores the effect of MMT enrichment methane from mine gas.

Salting-out effect of ionic liquids on isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium of acetonitrile-water system

This paper presents the vapor–liquid equilibrium(VLE) data of acetonitrile–water system containing ionic liquids(ILs) at atmospheric pressure(101.3 k Pa). Since ionic liquids dissociate into anions and cations, the VLE data for the acetonitrile + water + ILs systems are correlated by salt effect models, Furter model and improved Furter model. The overall average relative deviation of Furter model and improved Furter model is 5.43% and 4.68%, respectively. Thus the salt effect models are applicable for the correlation of IL containing systems. The salting-out effect theory can be used to explain the change of relative volatility of acetonitrile–water system.

Study of Optimal Parameters of Improved 1RX Regenerator

In this article, researches on improvement of 1RX regenerator used in cleaning processes of cotton ginning enterprises were carried out. The effect of changing the parameters of the new working body—rubber-plate drum and machine inlet on the efficiency of cotton separation was studied in the research, and the maximum level of efficiency of separation was determined. In this paper work, the main factors affecting the efficient operation of the regenerator were identified, their value limits were determined, and research was conducted using the mathematical planning method. As a result, effective operation of the improved 1RX cotton regenerator was observed at the value of the given factors, that is, the separation efficiency was 99.5%, the cleaning efficiency was higher than 88.7%, and the amount of seed cotton in the waste was reduced lower than 2.5%.

CFD numerical simulation of flow velocity characteristics of hydrocyclone

A CFD based numerical simulation of flow velocity of hydrocyclone was conducted with different structural and operational parameters to investigate its distribution characteristics and influencing mechanism. The results show there exist several unsymmetrical envelopes of equal vertical velocities in both upward inner flows and downward outer flows in the hydrocyclone, and the cone angle and apex diameter have remarkable influence on the vertical location of the cone bottom of the envelope of zero vertical velocity. It is also found that the tangential velocity isolines exist in the horizontal planes located in the effective separation region of hydrocyclone. The increase of feed pressure has almost no effect on the distribution characteristics of both vertical velocity and tangential velocity in hydrocyclone, but the magnitude and gradient of tangential velocity are increased obviously to make the motion velocity of high density particles to the wall increased and to make the cyclonic separation effect improved.

An analytical p-y curve method based on compressive soil pressure model in sand soil

With the high-quality development of urban buildings,higher requirements are come up with for lateral bearing capacity of laterally loaded piles.Consequently,a more accurate analysis to predict the lateral response of the pile within an allowable displacement is an important issue.However,the current p-y curve methods cannot fully take into account the pile-soil interaction,which will lead to a large calculation difference.In this paper,a new analytical p-y curve is established and a finite difference method for determining the lateral response of pile is proposed,which can consider the separation effect of pile-soil interface and the coefficient of circumferential friction resistance.In particular,an analytical expression is developed to determine the compressive soil pressure by dividing the compressive soil pressure into two parts:initial compressive soil pressure and increment of compressive soil pressure.In addition,the relationship between compressive soil pressure and horizontal displacement of the pile is established based on the reasonable assumption.The correctness of the proposed method is verified through four examples.Based on the verified method,a parametric analysis is also conducted to investigate the influences of factors on lateral response of the pile,including internal friction angle,pile length and elastic modulus of pile.

Determination of design parameter for three-product heavy-medium cyclone

Analyzed the selected raw coal nature and forecasted the number quality of its separated product. Considering each product＇s density, volume, and suspending liquid assignment, combining the separating mechanism of the cyclone and the rela- tive formulas obtained from scientific experimentation and practice, the structure parameter was determined by calculation. This provides a more scientific reasonable method for determining the structure parameter of the unpressurized feeding three-product heavy-medium cyclone.

ZnO nanorod decorated by Au-Ag alloy with greatly increased activity for photocatalytic ethylene oxidation

In recent years, the preservation of fruits and vegetables in cold storage has become an issue of increasing concern, ethylene plays a leading role among them. We found ZnO has the effect of degrading gaseous ethylene, however its effect is not particularly satisfactory. Therefore, we used simple photo-deposition procedure and low-temperature calcination method to synthesize Au, Ag, and Au Ag alloy supported ZnO to improve the photocatalytic efficiency. Satisfactorily, after ZnO loaded with sole Au or Ag particles, the efficiency of ethylene degradation was 17.5 and 26.8 times than that of pure ZnO, showing a large increase in photocatalytic activity. However, the photocatalytic stability of Ag/ZnO was very poor, because Ag can be easily photooxidized to Ag2O. Surprisingly, when ZnO was successfully loaded with the Au Ag alloy, not only the photocatalytic activity was further improved to 94.8 times than that of pure ZnO, but also the photocatalytic stability was very good after 10 times of cycles. Characterization results explained that the Au-Ag alloy NPs modified ZnO showed great visible-light absorption because of the surface plasmon resonance(SPR) effect. Meanwhile, the higher photocurrent density showed the effective carrier separation ability in Au Ag/ZnO. Therefore, the cooperative action of plasmonic Au Ag bimetallic alloy NPs and efficient carrier separation capability result in the outstanding photoactivity of ethylene oxidation. At the same time, the formation of the alloy produced a new crystal structure different from Au and Ag, which overcomes the problem of poor stability of Ag/ZnO, and finally obtains Au Ag/ZnO photocatalyst with high activity and high stability. This work proposes a new concept of using metal alloys to remove ethylene in actual production.

Highly efficient recovery of waste LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(z)O_(2) cathode materials using a process involving pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy

Substantial environmental and economic benefits can be achieved by recycling used lithium-ion batteries. Hydrometallurgy is often employed to recover waste LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(z)O_(2) cathode materials. As Ni, Co and Mn are transition metals, they exhibit similar properties;therefore, separating them is difficult. Thus, most researchers have focused on leaching processes, while minimal attention has been devoted to the separation of valuable metals from waste LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(z)O_(2) cathode materials. Herein, we propose an environment-friendly, gentle process involving the usage of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy to gradually leach valuable metals and effectively separate them. Interestingly, Li is recovered through a reduction roasting and water leaching process using natural graphite powder, Ni and Co are recovered through ammonia leaching and extraction processes and Mn is recovered through acid leaching and evaporation–crystallization processes. Results show that ~87% Li, 97.01% Co, 97.08% Ni and 99% Mn can be leached using water, ammonia and acid leaching processes. The result obtained using the response surface methodology shows that the concentration of (NH4)2SO3 is a notable factor affecting the leaching of transition metals. Under optimal conditions, ~97.01% Co, 97.08% Ni and 0.64% Mn can be leached out. The decomposition of LiNi_(x)Co_(y)Mn_(z)O_(2) is a two-step process. This study provides valuable insights to develop an environment-friendly, gentle leaching process for efficiently recycling valuable metals, which is vital for the lithium-ion battery recycling industry.

A New Calculation Method of the Axial and Radial Velocity and Grade──Efficiency for High──Efficiency Cyclones

At present in China, the cyclones are widely used in the dust removal ventilation system of boilers, industry furnaces or pits etc., because of their simple structure, long life and cost efficiency. In order to improve efficiency of the cyclones, new theoretical calculation method is very important. In this paper, the concept of down-flow quantity is introduced and new formula is deducted based on Kilven law and the work has done by Zhao Weizhong[1]. The formula is not only of advantage theoretically but also fit with experimental results quite well. On the basis, the effect of three-dimensional velocity distribution in the flow field within cyclones and other parameters on the grade-efficiency calculation are analyzed and a new equation for grade-efficiency estimation is introduced. The calculating accuracy of the equation is better than the others theoretically and experimentally.