Investigation of the Antioxidant and UV Absorption Properties of 2-(2’-hydroxy-5’-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole and Its Ortho-Substituted Derivatives via DFT/TD-DFT

The demand and pursuit of chemical entities with UV filtration and antioxidant properties for enhanced photoprotection have been driven in recent times by acute exposure of humans to solar ultraviolet radiations. The structural, electronic, antioxidant and UV absorption properties of drometrizole (PBT) and designed ortho-substituted derivatives are reported via DFT and TD-DFT in the gas and aqueous phases. DFT and TD-DFT computations were performed at the M062x-D3Zero/6-311++G(d,p)//B97-3c and PBE0-D3(BJ)/def2-TZVP levels of theory respectively. Reaction enthalpies related to hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single-electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanisms were computed and compared with those of phenol. Results show that the presence of -NH2 substituent reduces the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy and ionization potential, while that of -CN increases the proton affinity. The HAT and SPLET mechanisms are the most plausible in the gas and aqueous phases respectively. The molecule with the -NH2 substituent (PBT1) was identified to be the compound with the highest antioxidant activity. The UV spectra of the studied compounds are characterized by two bands in the 280 - 400 nm regions. Results from this study provide a better comprehension antioxidant mechanism of drometrizole and present a new perspective for the design of electron-donor antioxidant molecules with enhanced antioxidant-photoprotective efficiencies for applications in commercial sunscreens.

Sequential single pion production explaining the dibaryon"d^(*)(2380)"peak

In this study,we investigate the two step sequential one pion production mechanism,that is,np(I=0)→π^(-)pp followed by the fusion reaction pp→π^(+)d,to describe the np→π^(+)π^(-)d reaction withπ^(+)π^(-)in state I=0.In this reaction,a narrow peak identified with a"d(2380)"dibaryon has been previously observed.We discover that the second reaction step pp→π^(+)d is driven by a triangle singularity that determines the position of the peak of the reaction and the high strength of the cross section.The combined cross section of these two mechanisms produces a narrow peak with a position,width,and strength,that are compatible with experimental observations within the applied approximations made.This novel interpretation of the peak accomplished without invoking a dibaryon explains why this peak has remained undetected in other reactions.