Serine-threonine protein kinase activation may be an effective target for reducing neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury

The signaling mechanisms underlying ischemia-induced nerve cell apoptosis are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of apoptosis-related signal transduction pathways following ischemic spinal cord injury, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase（ERK）, serine-threonine protein kinase（Akt） and c-Jun N-terminal kinase（JNK） signaling pathways. We established a rat model of acute spinal cord injury by inserting a catheter balloon in the left subclavian artery for 25 minutes. Rat models exhibited notable hindlimb dysfunction. Apoptotic cells were abundant in the anterior horn and central canal of the spinal cord. The number of apoptotic neurons was highest 48 hours post injury. The expression of phosphorylated Akt（pAkt） and phosphorylated ERK（p-ERK） increased immediately after reperfusion, peaked at 4 hours（p-Akt） or 2 hours（p-ERK）, decreased at 12 hours, and then increased at 24 hours. Phosphorylated JNK expression reduced after reperfusion, increased at 12 hours to near normal levels, and then showed a downward trend at 24 hours. Pearson linear correlation analysis also demonstrated that the number of apoptotic cells negatively correlated with p-Akt expression. These findings suggest that activation of Akt may be a key contributing factor in the delay of neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord ischemia, particularly at the stage of reperfusion, and thus may be a target for neuronal protection and reduction of neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury.

Tacolimus Postconditioning Alleviates Apoptotic Cell Death in Rats after Spinal Cord Ischemia-reperfusion Injury via Up-regulating Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases Phosphorylation

The effects of tacrolimus postconditioning on protein-serine-threonine kinases （Akt） phos- phorylation and apoptotic cell death in rats after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury were investi- gated. Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, ischemia-reperfusion group and tacrolimus postconditioning group. The model of spinal cord ischemia was established by means of catheterization through femoral artery and balloon dilatation. The spinal cord was reperfused 20 min after ischemia via removing saline out of balloon. The corresponding spinal cord segments were excised and determined for Akt activity in spinal cord tissue by using Western blotting at 5, 15, and 60 min after reperfusion respectively. Spinal cord tissue sections were stained immunohistochemically for detection of the phosphorylated Akt expression at 15 min after reperfusion. Flow cytometry was applied to assess apoptosis of neural cells, and dry-wet weights method was employed to measure water content in spinal cord tissue at 24 h after reperfusion. The results showed that the activities of Akt in tarcolimus postconditioning group were significantly higher than those in ischemia-reperfusion group at 5, 15, and 60 min after reperfusion （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The Akt activities reached the peak at 15 min after reperfu- sion in ischemia-reperfusion group and tacrolimus postconditioning group. The percentage of apoptotic cells and water content in spinal cord tissue were significantly reduced （P〈0.01） in tacrolimus postcon- ditioning group as compared with those in ischemia-reperfusion group at 24 h after reperfusion. It is concluded that tacrolimus postconditioning can increase Akt activity in spinal cord tissue of rats, inhibit apoptosis of neural cells as well as tissue edema, and thereby alleviate spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Current concepts in ameloblastoma-targeted therapies in B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase V600E mutation: Systematic review

BACKGROUND Ameloblastomas are common benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasms that present an aggressive and unpredictable behavior that may modify treatment strategies.Different signaling pathways that participate in the progression of these tumors have been identified.B-raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase(BRAF)is a protein involved in the behavior of ameloblastomas,and it is related to many cell mechanisms.BRAF gene mutations have been identified in ameloblastomas,of which the BRAF V600E(valine substituted by glutamic acid at amino acid 600)mutation has been the most common and can be present concomitantly with other mutations that may be involved in its behavior.Targeted therapies have been used as an alternative in the case of resistance or contraindications to conventional treatments.AIM To document the presence of BRAF V600E and additional mutations,their behavior,and targeted therapies in these tumors.METHODS An electronic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/MEDLINE,Cochrane,EMBASE,and SpringerLink using the terms“ameloblastomas”,“BRAF V600E”,“additional mutations”,and“targeted therapies”.Ameloblastomas were classified according to WHO guidelines.Inclusion criteria were articles in English,published not more than 10 years ago,and studies with laboratory works related to BRAF V600E.Articles were evaluated by two independent reviewers and retrieved for full-text evaluation.The EBLIP Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the eligible studies.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed.RESULTS Two independent reviewers,with a substantial concordance indicated by a kappa coefficient of k=0.76,evaluated a total of 19 articles that were included in this study.The analysis registered 521 conventional ameloblastomas(AM),81 unicystic ameloblastomas(UA),13 ameloblastic carcinomas(AC),three metastatic ameloblastomas(MA),and six peripheral ameloblastomas(PA),of which the histopathological type,anatomic location,laboratory tests,expression of BRAF mutation,and additional mutations were registered.The BRAF V600E mutation was found in 297 AM(57%),63 UA(77.7%),3 AC(23%),1 MA(50%),and 5 PA(83.3%).Follicular type predominated with a total of 116 cases(40%),followed by plexiform type with 63 cases(22.1%).Furthermore,both types presented additional mutations,in which alterations in JAK3 P132T,SMARCB1,PIK3CA,CTNNB1,SMO,and BRAF G606E genes were found.Four case reports were found with targeted therapy to BRAF V600E.CONCLUSION The identification of BRAF V600E and additional mutations as an aid in targeted therapies has been a breakthrough in alternative treatments of ameloblastomas where surgical treatments are contraindicated.

Novel serine/threonine kinase 11 gene mutations in PeutzJeghers syndrome patients and endoscopic management

AIM:To explore mutations in serine/threonine kinase 11(STK11) gene in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS) with gastrointestinal(GI) hamartomatous polyps.METHODS:Six Japanese PJS patients in 3 families were enrolled in this study.Each of the cases had hamartomatous polyposis in the gastrointestinal tract,including the small intestine,along with mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation.Narrow-band imaging(NBI)-magnification endoscopy was employed to detect microvascular and microsurface irregularities in the GI lesions.NBI magnification findings could be classified into three groups(type A,type B,or type C).Endoscopic polypectomy was performed using double-balloon enteroscopy or colonoscopy.Genomic DNA was extracted from a whole blood sample from each subject.All of the coding exons of STK11 gene,its boundary regions,and the promoter region containing the polymorphic regions were amplified by polymerase chain reaction,and direct sequencing was performed to assess the germline mutations.RESULTS:NBI-magnification endoscopic observation could detect the abnormalities in microvessels and microsurface structures of GI polyps.Overall,we found 5 cases of type A and one case without the examination for the gastric polyps,while there were 4 cases of type B and 2 case of type A for the colorectal polyps.Seventy-nine small-bowel and 115 colorectal polyps over 27 sessions for each were resected endoscopically without significant complications.The only delayed complication included the occurrence of bleeding in a case,and this was successfully managed with hemoclips.Resected polyps contained no malignant components.Based on mutation analysis,all 3 cases in Family I exhibited the +658C>T nonsense mutation in exon 5,which resulted in the production of a truncated protein(Q220X).In Family II,a case had-252C>A and-193C>A in the promoter region.In Family III,a case was found to have the +1062C>G(F342L) mutation in exon 8.CONCLUSION:We found two novel mutations of STK11 in association with PJS.Endoscopic polypectomy of GI polyps in PJS patients appears to be useful to prevent emergency laparotomies and reduce the cancer risk.

Knockdown of Microtubule Associated Serine/threonine Kinase Like Expression Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis by Activation of ERK1/2 and Inactivation of NF-κB Signaling

Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase(MASTL)functions to regulate chromosome condensation and mitotic progression.Therefore,aberrant MASTL expression is commonly implicated in various human cancers.This study analyzed MASTL expression in gastric cancer vs.adjacent normal tissue for elucidating the association with clinicopathological data from patients.This work was then extended to investigate the effects of MASTL knockdown on tumor cells in vitro.The level of MASTL expression in gastric cancer tissue was assessed from the UALCAN,GEPIA,and Oncomine online databases.Lentivirus carrying MASTL or negative control shRNA was infected into gastric cancer cells.RT-qPCR,Western blotting,cell viability,cell counting,flow cytometric apoptosis and cell cycle,and colony formation assays were performed.MASTL was upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared to the adjacent normal tissue,and the MASTL expression was associated with advanced tumor stage,Helicobacter pylori infection and histological subtypes.On the other hand,knockdown of MASTL expression significantly reduced tumor cell viability and proliferation,and arrested cell cycle at G2/M stage but promoted tumor cells to undergo apoptosis.At protein level,knockdown of MASTL expression enhanced levels of cleaved PARP1,cleaved caspase-3,Bax and p-ERK1/2 expression,but downregulated expression levels of BCL-2 and p-NF-κB-p65 protein in AGS and MGC-803 cells.MASTL overexpression in gastric cancer tissue may be associated with gastric cancer development and progression,whereas knockdown of MASTL expression reduces tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.Further study will evaluate MASTL as a potential target of gastric cancer therapeutic strategy.

serine/threonine蛋白激酶功能研究进展

蛋白激酶(protein kinase)具有将ATP的γ-磷酸基转移到蛋白质底物特定的氨基酸残基上的潜在催化能力,从而使蛋白质磷酸化。根据底物上氨基酸的特异性,蛋白激酶可以细分为丝/苏氨酸激酶和酪氨酸激酶。在DNA复制和有丝分裂过程中蛋白激酶起调节作用。同时,蛋白激酶在转录过程也起到重要作用,如在转录因子核转位过程的作用、调节转录因子与DNA结合能力、调节转录因子的激活活性。蛋白激酶的磷酸化作用与肿瘤发生关系密切,其可以促使基因表达的改变等一系列细胞的应答发生,最终导致癌症的发生和发展。

Pathophysiological roles of Pim-3 kinase in pancreatic cancer development and progression

Pim-3 is a member of the provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus(Pim)family proteins that exhibit serine/threonine kinase activity.Similar to the other Pim kinases(Pim-1 and Pim-2),Pim-3 is involved in many cellular processes,including cell proliferation,survival,and protein synthesis.Although Pim-3is expressed in normal vital organs,it is overexpressed particularly in tumor tissues of endoderm-derived organs,including the liver,pancreas,and colon.Silencing of Pim-3 expression can retard in vitro cell proliferation of hepatocellular,pancreatic,and colon carcinoma cell lines by promoting cell apoptosis.Pim-3 lacks the regulatory domains similarly as Pim-1 and Pim-2 lack,and therefore,Pim-3 can exhibit its kinase activity once it is expressed.Pim-3 expression is regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by transcription factors(e.g.,Ets-1)and post-translational modifiers(e.g.,translationally-controlled tumor protein),respectively.Pim-3 could promote growth and angiogenesis of human pancreatic cancer cells in vivo in an orthotopic nude mouse model.Furthermore,a Pim-3 kinase inhibitor inhibited cell proliferation when human pancreatic cancer cells were injected into nude mice,without inducing any major adverse effects.Thus,Pim-3 kinase may serve as a novel molecular target for developing targeting drugs against pancreatic and other types of cancer.

A defect in the PINOID serine/threonine kinase affects leaf shape in cucumber

Examining the plants in any forest or meadow reveals a remarkable diversity of leaf shape,suggesting the importance of this trait for adaptation to various environmental conditions(reviewed in Nicotra et al.2011).Indeed,leaf shape may be constrained by biomechanical factors and affects thermoregulation,susceptibility to herbivory,the available light for photosynthesis,and water balance.

LRRK2基因R1067Q和GBA基因R202Q双变异致早发型帕金森病一例

患者男性,42岁。主因左手抖动18个月,左下肢抖动伴运动迟缓6个月,于2023年7月8日入院。患者18个月前(2022年1月)无明显诱因出现左上肢不自主抖动,静止时出现、持物及动作时消失,无动作迟缓、反应变慢等其他伴随症状。于2022年11月至外院就诊,头部MRI检查无明显异常,结合临床症状,考虑帕金森病(PD),服用普拉克索0.375 mg/d并逐渐增量至0.375 mg/次、2次/d长期治疗,症状无明显改善。6个月前(2023年1月)出现左下肢不自主抖动,并逐渐出现动作迟缓,左侧肢体活动不灵活,体位变化或行走时偶有头晕,不伴视物旋转及恶心呕吐等,持续数分钟后头晕可自行好转,无嗅觉丧失、情绪低落,睡眠质量尚可,无多梦、呓语、乱喊乱叫、手舞足蹈等症状。

基于PI3K/Akt/mTOR 通路探究七氟醚麻醉对大鼠神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨七氟醚麻醉对大鼠认知功能及神经细胞凋亡的影响。方法取96只大鼠,随机分为对照组(吸入2 L·min^(−1)氧气)、七氟醚低浓度组(吸入体积分数为1%的七氟醚+2 L·min^(−1)氧气)、七氟醚中浓度组(吸入体积分数为2%的七氟醚+2 L·min^(−1)氧气)、七氟醚高浓度组(吸入体积分数为4%的七氟醚+2 L·min^(−1)氧气),持续吸入6 h。用Morris水迷宫实验观察各组大鼠认知能力,用HE染色观察海马组织学形态,用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定海马组织中枢神经特异性蛋白(soluble protein 100β,S-100β)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平,流式细胞术测定神经细胞凋亡情况,蛋白印迹法(Western blotting)测定海马组织B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bcl2-associated X protein,Bax)、磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,p-PI3K)、磷酸化丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase,p-Akt)和磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin,p-mTOR)的水平。结果HE染色结果表明,对照组海马组织神经细胞结构正常,排列紧密,七氟醚各浓度组大鼠海马组织神经细胞减少,排列紊乱,分布不均匀。与对照组比较,七氟醚各浓度组大鼠逃避潜伏期时间,S100-β、NSE、IL-1β、TNF-α水平,Bax蛋白水平和神经细胞凋亡率均升高,穿越平台次数,平台停留时间,Bcl-2、p-PI3K、p-Akt和p-mTOR蛋白水平均降低(P<0.05);七氟醚各浓度组诸项指数水平变化规律相同,并呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05)。结论七氟醚麻醉可诱导大鼠神经细胞凋亡,使大鼠认知能力衰退,其可能与调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路有关。

右美托咪定下调PI3K/AKT信号通路改善脂多糖诱导的结肠炎结肠上皮细胞损伤

为研究右美托咪定对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人结肠上皮NCM-460细胞的炎症、增殖和凋亡的影响及磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(PI3K/AKT)信号通路的调控作用,本研究体外培养人结肠上皮NCM-460细胞,将其分为对照组、LPS组(1μg/mL LPS)和不同质量浓度右美托咪定组(1μg/mL LPS+1.25、2.50、5.00和10.00μg/mL右美托咪定),干预24 h,筛选出合适的右美托咪定作用质量浓度用于后续试验。随后,将人结肠上皮NCM-460细胞分为对照组、LPS组、右美托咪定组(1μg/mL LPS+5.00μg/mL右美托咪定)、LY294002组(1μg/mL LPS+10μmol/L PI3K/AKT通路抑制剂LY294002)、抑制剂组(1μg/mL LPS+5.00μg/mL右美托咪定+10μmol/L LY294002)和激活剂组(1μg/mL LPS+5.00μg/mL右美托咪定+10μmol/L PI3K/AKT通路激动剂SC79),干预24 h。用细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK-8)检测细胞活力;通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的表达水平;用5-乙炔基-2'脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(EdU)测定细胞增殖率;用Hoechst 33258染色法测定细胞凋亡率;用蛋白免疫印迹(WB)法测定细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、剪切的半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(cleaved Caspase 3)和PI3K/AKT信号通路关键蛋白的表达水平。根据细胞活力和炎症因子TNF-α的表达水平选择5.00μg/mL右美托咪定用于后续试验。结果显示,与对照组相比,LPS组细胞增殖率和Cyclin D1的表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率、TNF-α、IL-8、cleaved Caspase 3的表达水平、p-PI3K/PI3K及p-AKT/AKT的比值显著升高(P<0.05);右美托咪定组和LY294002组中的右美托咪定和LY294002扭转了LPS对人结肠上皮NCM-460细胞的上述作用(P<0.05);与右美托咪定组相比,抑制剂组中的LY294002增强了右美托咪定对LPS诱导的人结肠上皮NCM-460细胞的作用(P<0.05),激活剂组中的SC79则削弱了右美托咪定对LPS诱导的人结肠上皮NCM-460细胞的作用(P<0.05)。研究表明,右美托咪定能促进LPS诱导的人结肠上皮NCM-460细胞增殖,抑制其炎症和凋亡,其作用机制可能与阻滞PI3K/PI3K信号通路信号转导有关。本研究为结肠炎的治疗提供了新的方向。

A Kelch Motif-Containing Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase Determines the Large Grain QTL Trait in Rice

A thorough understanding of the genetic basis of rice grain traits is critical for the improvement of rice （Oryza sativa L.） varieties. In this study, we generated an F2 population by crossing the large-grain japonica cultivar CW23 with Peiai 64 （PA64）, an elite indica small-grain cultivar. Using QTL analysis, 17 QTLs for five grain traits were detected on four different chromosomes. Eight of the QTLs were newly-identified in this study. In particular, qGL3-1, a newly-identified grain length QTL with the highest LOD value and largest phenotypic variation, was fine-mapped to the 17 kb region of chromosome 3. A serine/threonine protein phosphatase gene encoding a repeat domain containing two Kelch motifs was identified as the unique candidate gene corresponding to this QTL. A comparison of PA64 and CW23 sequences revealed a single nucleotide substitution （C→A） at position 1092 in exon 10, resulting in replacement of Asp （D） in PA64 with Glu （E） in CW23 for the 364th amino acid. This variation is located at the D position of the conserved sequence motif AVLDT of the Kelch repeat. Genetic analysis of a near-isogenic line （NIL） for qGL3-1 revealed that the allele qGL3-1 from CW23 has an additive or partly dominant effect, and is suitable for use in molecular marker-assisted selection.

中风活心软胶囊通过PPARγ受体上调STAT3磷酸化激活PI3K/AKT通路抑制脑缺血再灌注损伤内质网应激的作用机制研究

目的探讨中风活心软胶囊介导过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)受体上调信号传导转录激活因子3(signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)磷酸化诱导磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(BAKT serine/threonine kinase,AKT)信号通路参与脑缺血再灌注损伤内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,ER)应激和神经保护的作用机制研究,阐明中风活心软胶囊对脑缺血后神经损伤修复的调控机制。方法选取30只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组和治疗组,采用Zea Longa法建立右侧大脑中动脉缺血(middle cerebral artery ischemia,MCAI)大鼠模型,采用改良神经功能损伤评分(modified neurological severity score,mNSS)评估大鼠神经功能缺损情况,以mNSS评分2~18分为造模成功。仅治疗组给予中风活心软胶囊。Western blot法分别检测缺血半暗区皮质PPARγ受体蛋白、STAT3磷酸化蛋白、PI3K/AKT信号通路蛋白的表达,检测ER应激标记分子葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78)及真核翻译起始因子2α激酶3(PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase,PERK)-激活转录因子4(activating transcription factor 4,ATF4)-C/EBP同源蛋白(C/EBP-homologous protein,CHOP)通路蛋白表达水平。结果模型组大鼠神经功能缺损情况,透射电镜观察缺血半暗区皮质神经元显著减少,提示右侧MCAI大鼠模型构建成功。模型组、治疗组mNSS评分均高于对照组,但治疗组低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。模型组大鼠缺血区PPARγ受体蛋白、STAT3磷酸化蛋白、PI3K及AKT蛋白表达均低于对照组与治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组与对照组各指标比较差异无统计学意义。治疗组、模型组大鼠缺血区GRP78、PERK、ATF4和CHOP蛋白表达均高于对照组,但治疗组均低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论中风活心软胶囊可显著提高脑缺血大鼠缺血半暗区皮质PPARγ受体蛋白、STAT3磷酸化蛋白、PI3K/AKT信号通路蛋白表达,其作用机制可能是通过介导PPARγ受体上调STAT3磷酸化诱导PI3K/AKT信号通路参与脑缺血再灌注损伤ER应激和神经保护,从而发挥脑保护效应。

PIM1基因对急性髓系白血病U937细胞增殖、凋亡及JAK2/STAT3信号通路的影响

目的:探讨PIM1基因对急性髓系白血病(AML)U937细胞增殖、凋亡的影响,以及对JAK2/STAT3通路的调控作用。方法:收集初诊成人AML患者和单纯缺铁性贫血患者的骨髓单个核细胞,荧光定量PCR检测PIM1 mRNA表达。将AML细胞系U937细胞分为:U937组(U937细胞正常培养)、Si-PIM1组(U937细胞转染含PIM1 mRNA的低表达腺病毒载体)、Si-NC组(U937细胞转染不含PIM1 mRNA的低表达腺病毒载体)、CoA1组(U937细胞中加入浓度为20μmol/L的JAK2激活剂CoA1)、Si-PIM1+CoA1组(U937细胞转染含PIM1 mRNA低表达的腺病毒载体并加入浓度为20μmol/L的CoA1)。培养24 h。荧光定量PCR和蛋白印迹法检测U937细胞PIM1 mRNA和蛋白、JAK2/STAT3通路、细胞周期、凋亡相关蛋白表达;噻唑蓝法检测细胞增殖活性;流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化及凋亡率。结果:AML患者骨髓单个核细胞中PIM1 mRNA表达水平高于单纯缺铁性贫血患者(P<0.05)。与U937组相比,Si-PIM1组细胞PIM1 mRNA和蛋白、p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3、Cyclin D1、CDK2蛋白、细胞增殖活性、S期比例、G2/M期比例降低(均P<0.05),p27、Caspase-3蛋白、G0/G1期、凋亡率升高(均P<0.05),而CoA1组上述指标的变化情况与Si-PIM1组正好相反,CoA1可逆转Si-PIM1对U937细胞的作用效果。U937组、Si-PIM1+CoA1组、Si-NC组U937细胞上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:敲低PIM1基因表达可抑制U937细胞增殖、促进凋亡,缓解ALM进程,且上述作用可能与抑制JAK2/STAT3通路活化有关。

FTO介导m6A修饰的PRKD2调节SIRT1/HIF-1α通路抑制糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤的机制研究

目的探究脂肪含量和肥胖相关蛋白(fat mass and obesity-associated protein,FTO)和丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶蛋白激酶D2(serine-threonine kinase protein kinase D2,PRKD2)在糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)进展中的调控作用和调节机制。方法采用35 mmol/L葡萄糖对足细胞(MPC5细胞)进行高糖刺激24h构建DKD体外模型。采用FTO过表达载体(pcDNA-FTO)和PRKD2过表达载体(pcDNA-PRKD2),或空载体(vector)转染高糖诱导的MPC5细胞。通过RT-qPCR检测FTO和PRKD2过表达效率;MeRIP检测PRKD2 mRNA的N6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine,m6A)修饰水平;ELISA检测Caspase-3活性、IL-6,TNF-α和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1)分泌量;流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡率;Western blot评估FTO和PRKD2蛋白水平,以及SIRT1/HIF-1α通路关键蛋白表达水平;Pearson分析FTO和PRKD2水平的相关性。结果与无高糖诱导对照组比较,高糖诱导的足细胞中FTO蛋白(0.51±0.04 vs 1.00±0.03)和PRKD2蛋白(0.45±0.03 vs 1.01±0.04)水平显著下调,差异具有统计学意义(t=13.17,16.76,均P<0.001)。高糖诱导的足细胞中FTO蛋白水平和PRKD2蛋白水平呈正相关(r2=0.7051,P<0.001)。与vector组相比,pcDNA-FTO组PRKD2 mRNA的m6A水平(0.56±0.09 vs1.01±0.13)降低,PRKD2 mRNA水平(3.16±0.14 vs 1.03±0.02)显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=51.37,11.82,均P<0.001)。与control组(IL-6:512.76±61.85 pg/ml,TNF-α:28.17±2.83 pg/ml,MCP-1:157.31±17.69 pg/ml)和vector组(IL-6:498.41±87.51 pg/ml,TNF-α:26.35±5.47 pg/ml,MCP-1:165.52±16.87 pg/ml)比较,pcDNA-PRKD2组IL-6(301.86±21.85 pg/ml),TNF-α(11.06±4.12 pg/ml),MCP-1分泌量(81.45±9.03pg/ml)显著减少,差异具有统计学意义(F=7.51,10.47,61.97,均P<0.01)。与control组(Caspase-3:689.65±79.5U/L,细胞凋亡率:22.31%±2.69%)和vector组(Caspase-3:715.91±113.58 U/L,细胞凋亡率:21.07%±3.28%)比较,pcDNA-PRKD2组Caspase-3活性(437.64±104.76 U/L)和细胞凋亡率(8.41%±3.15%)下降,差异具有统计学意义(F=2.35,79.13,均P<0.01)。与control组(SIRT1:1.01±0.05,HIF-1α:1.03±0.07)和vector组(SIRT1:0.97±0.05,HIF-1α:1.02±0.03)相比,pcDNA-PRKD2组SIRT1蛋白(3.51±0.15)水平升高,HIF-1α蛋白(0.37±0.07)水平降低,差异具有统计学意义(F=31.54,8.31,均P<0.01)。结论FTO介导m6A修饰的PRKD2通过SIRT1/HIF-1α通路抑制高糖诱导的足细胞炎症反应和细胞凋亡。

ATM/CXCL12在去势耐受性前列腺癌细胞诱发的巨噬细胞M2极化中的作用

目的探讨丝氨酸蛋白激酶ATM/CXC型趋化因子配体12(CXCL12)在去势耐受性前列腺癌细胞诱发的巨噬细胞M2极化中的作用。方法选取人前列腺癌细胞C4-2为研究对象,使用pcDNA3.1将CXLC12过表达和/或使用小干扰RNA(siRNA)将ATM敲除后,分别与单核细胞系THP-1共同培养后,Western blot检测ATM和CXCL12水平,Transwell实验评估C4-2细胞的侵袭和迁移能力及其对巨噬细胞的募集效果,定量PCR检测M2巨噬细胞表型标志物的mRNA水平。结果将ATM敲除的C4-2细胞与THP-1细胞共同培养后,C4-2细胞的侵袭和迁移能力受到明显抑制(P<0.05);但在将CXLC12过表达载体同时转染细胞后,ATM siRNA的抑制作用消失。进一步研究显示,伴随着ATM的敲除,抗炎标志物趋化因子配体22和白介素12亚基p40以及炎症因子转化生长因子β和白介素10基因的表达水平均降低(P<0.05),伴有巨噬细胞募集和M2极化受抑制;此作用在将CXCL12过表达后消失。结论ATM/CXCL12信号通路的活化可通过使肿瘤微环境中M2表型躲避免疫抑制,进而促进去势耐受性前列腺癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。

基于PI3K/Akt通路探讨醒脑静注射液改善颅脑创伤患者神经损伤及预后的效果

目的基于磷酸肌醇-3-激酶/丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(PI3K/Akt)通路探讨醒脑静注射液治疗颅脑创伤患者的效果,分析其对神经损伤、预后的影响。方法选取2020-06—2023-06武汉市第一医院收治的96例颅脑创伤患者,分为对照组48例(常规治疗)和观察组48例(常规治疗+醒脑静注射液治疗)。比较2组治疗效果、治疗前后PI3K/Akt通路分子[外周血单个核细胞(PMBC)中PI3K、Akt、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)mRNA]、神经损伤因子、神经损伤程度[中国脑卒中临床神经功能缺损程度评分量表(CSS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分],以及并发症发生率、预后情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组总有效率升高,并发症发生率降低(P<0.05)。观察组治疗7 d、14 d后PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA相对表达量升高(P<0.05),血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、S-100β蛋白(S-100β)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)水平降低(P<0.05),CSS、NIHSS评分降低,GCS评分升高(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月观察组预后良好率升高(P<0.05)。结论醒脑静注射液治疗颅脑创伤患者的疗效确切,可促进神经功能恢复,减少并发症,并可改善患者预后,其作用机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt通路有关。

齐墩果酸通过miR-18a-5p/STK4轴抑制白血病K562细胞恶性进展

慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)是由于骨髓造血干细胞的恶性增生导致的疾病。虽然酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(Tyrosine kinase inhibitors,TKI)对慢性粒细胞性白血病的治疗取得长足进展,但耐药问题仍未解决。因此,寻找新的治疗药物和靶点十分关键。有研究表明,miRNAs与慢性粒细胞白血病在内的多种肿瘤有密切联系,齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,OA)对白血病细胞有较好的抑制效果。通过对转录物组测序结果发现,齐墩果酸可以显著上调丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白质激酶4(serine/threonine-protein kinase 4,STK 4)的水平,而miR1a-5p是STK 4的靶miRNA。因此,本文旨在探究齐墩果酸是否可以通过miR-18a-5p/STK4影响K562细胞恶性进展。K562细胞经齐墩果酸处理后差异表达基因富集在凋亡相关通路上。EdU实验和CCK-8实验结果发现,齐墩果酸降低K562细胞增殖能力(P<0.05)。qRT-PCR,免疫荧光和Western印迹结果显示,齐墩果酸处理后,K562细胞中STK 4蛋白质水平表达显著上调(P<0.05),miR-18a-5p表达下调(P<0.05)。在细胞中转染miR-18a-5p mimics,能显著抑制STK 4的表达(P<0.05);转染miR-18a-5p inhibitor能显著增加STK 4的表达(P<0.05)。活性氧(reactive oxygen species、ROS)检测和线粒体膜电位检测结果显示,齐墩果酸可以促进K562细胞中ROS的增加,降低线粒体膜电位。过表达STK 4后,与Vector组相比,细胞的线粒体膜电位下降;敲降STK 4可以逆转齐墩果酸组导致的线粒体膜电位下降。流式细胞术检测显示,齐墩果酸能明显促进细胞凋亡的发生,而转染miR-18a-5p mimics后凋亡率显著下调(P<0.05);过表达STK 4可以促进细胞从早期凋亡向晚期凋亡转化,而同时转染miR-18a-5p mimics可以抑制这一现象。我们的研究结果证实,齐墩果酸可以通过维持miR-18a-5p的低表达和保持STK 4的高表达状态来促进K562细胞的凋亡。

艾司氯胺酮联合丙泊酚全麻诱导对于腹腔镜胆囊手术中的老年患者PI3K/AKT信号通路的影响研究

目的 探究艾司氯胺酮联合丙泊酚全麻诱导对接受腹腔镜胆囊手术的老年患者血清磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟基酶(P13K)/丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT)信号通路的影响。方法 前瞻性选取2021年1月至2023年12月在安徽省公共卫生临床中心行腹腔镜胆囊手术的80例老年患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组各40例。对照组实施丙泊酚全麻诱导方案,研究组在对照组麻醉方案中加用艾司氯胺酮。比较两组患者的临床指标(苏醒时间、拔管时间及定向力恢复时间),麻醉诱导前5 min(T0)、诱导完成(T1)、插管(T2)、拔管(T3)患者的心率及平均动脉压,术后30 min、术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h的Ramsay评分,术后30 min、2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h时的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,以及术前、术后即刻、术后1 d及术后3 d时的PI3K、AKT水平,并观察两组患者的不良反应发生情况。结果 研究组患者的苏醒时间、拔管时间及定向力恢复时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T0时,两组间平均动脉压、心率比较,差异均无统计意义(P>0.05);研究组T1时平均动脉压、心率均高于对照组,T2、T3时平均动脉压、心率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后30 min和术后2 h时,研究组Ramsay评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但在术后6、12、24 h时的Ramsay评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后30 min、2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h时,研究组患者的VAS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后即刻、术后1 d及术后3 d时,研究组血清PI3K、AKT水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组总不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 艾司氯胺酮联合丙泊酚全麻诱导在腹腔镜胆囊手术中的应用对老年患者的生命体征、麻醉恢复过程和术后疼痛控制均有积极影响,其对疼痛的控制与调节PI3K/AKT信号通路有关,可为临床麻醉管理提供潜在的有效策略。

辛开苦降法对多囊卵巢综合征胰岛素抵抗患者卵巢功能、子宫内膜容受性及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶通路的影响

目的 观察辛开苦降法对多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS)胰岛素抵抗(Insulin resistance,IR)患者卵巢功能、子宫内膜容受性及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/serine threonine protein kinase,PI3K/AKT)通路的影响。方法 选取2018年11月—2020年1月期间四川中医药高等专科学校附属绵阳市中医医院收治的PCOS-IR患者83例,按随机数字表法分为对照组41例和治疗组42例。对照组采用炔雌醇环丙孕酮联合二甲双胍治疗,治疗组采用中医辛开苦降法(中药),均连续治疗12周。观察比较两组患者治疗前后体质量指数(Body mass index,BMI)、卵巢功能[卵泡刺激素(Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(Luteinizing hormone,LH)、LH/FSH与抗缪勒管激素(Anti-mullerian hormone,AMH)]、血糖[空腹胰岛素(Fasting insulin,FIN)、空腹血糖(Fasting blood glucose,FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hours postprandial blood glucose,2 h PBG)与胰岛素抵抗指数(Homeostasis model assessmentinsulin resistance,HOMA-IR)]、子宫内膜容受性[收缩期峰值流速(Vmax)、搏动指数(Pulse index,PI)、阻力指数(Resistance index,RI)、血流参数血管化指数(Vascularity index,VI)、血流指数(Flow index,FI)与血管化血流指数(Vascularity flow index,VFI)]、外周血PI3K/AKT通路(PI3K、AKT mNRA),治疗期间不良反应情况。结果 治疗后两组患者BMI、FPG、FIN、2 h GLU、HOMA-IR水平均较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组BMI、FPG、FIN、2 h GLU、HOMA-IR水平均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者AMH、LH、LH/FSH水平均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);FSH较治疗前无显著变化,差异无统计意义(P>0.05);且治疗组AMH、LH、LH/FSH明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者子宫内膜厚度、子宫容积、Vmax、VI、FI、VFI均较治疗前明显升高,PI、RI均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组子宫内膜厚度、子宫容积、Vmax、VI、FI、VFI均明显高于对照组,PI、RI均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者PI3K、AktmRN表达均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组PI3K、AktmRN表达均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论 中医辛开苦降法不仅能改善PCOS-IR患者胰岛素抵抗,还可改善其卵巢功能、子宫内膜容受性,激活PI3K/AKT通路,安全性高。