BACKGROUND Rectal carcinoma(RC),one of the most common malignancies globally,presents an increasing incidence and mortality year by year,especially among young people,which seriously affects the prognosis and quality ...BACKGROUND Rectal carcinoma(RC),one of the most common malignancies globally,presents an increasing incidence and mortality year by year,especially among young people,which seriously affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients.At present,dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)parameters and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA125 Levels have been used in clinical practice to evaluate the T stage and differentiation of RC.However,the accuracy of these evaluation modalities still needs further research.This study explores the application and value of these methods in evaluating the T stage and differentiation degree of RC.AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of DCE-MRI parameters combined with serum tumor markers(TMs)in assessing pathological processes and prognosis of RC patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 104 RC patients treated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from May 2018 to January 2022.Patients were categorized into stages T1,T2,T3,and T4,depending on their T stage and differentiation degree.In addition,they were assigned to low(L group)and moderate-high differentiation(M+H group)groups based on their differentiation degree.The levels of DCE-MRI parameters and serum CA19-9 and CA125 in different groups of patients were compared.In addition,the value of DCE-MRI parameters[volume transfer constant(Ktrans),rate constant(Kep),and extravascular extracellular volume fraction(Ve)in assessing the differentiation and T staging of RC patients was discussed.Furthermore,the usefulness of DCE-MRI parameters combined with serum CA19-9 and CA125 Levels in the evaluation of RC differentiation and T staging was analyzed.RESULTS Ktrans,Ve,CA19-9 and CA125 were higher in the high-stage group and L group than in the low-stage group and M+H Group,respectively(P<0.05).The areas under the curve(AUCs)of the Ktran and Ve parameters were 0.638 and 0.694 in the diagnosis of high and low stages,respectively,and 0.672 and 0.725 in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation,respectively.The AUC of DCE-MRI parameters(Ktrans+Ve)in the diagnosis of high and low stages was 0.742,and the AUC in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation was 0.769.The AUCs of CA19-9 and CA-125 were 0.773 and 0.802 in the diagnosis of high and low stages,respectively,and 0.834 and 0.796 in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation,respectively.Then,we combined DCE-MRI(Ktrans+Ve)parameters with CA19-9 and CA-125 and found that the AUC of DCE-MRI parameters plus serum TMs was 0.836 in the diagnosis of high and low stages and 0.946 in the diagnosis of moderate-high and low differentiation.According to the Delong test,the AUC of DCE-MRI parameters plus serum TMs increased significantly compared with serum TMs alone in the diagnosis of T stage and differentiation degree(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The levels of the DCE-MRI parameters Ktrans and Ve and the serum TMs CA19-9 and CA125 all increase with increasing T stage and decreasing differentiation degree of RC and can be used as indices to evaluate the differentiation degree of RC in clinical practice.Moreover,the combined evaluation of the above indices has a better effect and more obvious clinical value,providing important guiding importance for clinical condition judgment and treatment selection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of gr...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of great significance to find reliable prog-nostic indicators to guide the treatment and management of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To explore the relationship between serum levels of five biomarkers[carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2,and ferritin]and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS This study included 200 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,and conducted an in-depth analysis of their baseline characteristics,relationship between tumor markers and staging,and prognosis.The study found that CA19-9 has a signi-ficant correlation with tumor stage,the average levels of CA24-2,CEA,CA72-4 and ferritin were slightly increased disregarding the stage of tumor.Survival analysis showed that increases in CEA,CA19-9,CA24-2,and ferritin were all associated with shortened overall survival of patients.Further multivariate ana-lysis revealed that elevated serum CA72-4 levels were an inde-pendent adverse prognostic factor.RESULTS This study reveals that there is a significant correlation between the expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2 and ferritin in patients with gastric cancer and prognosis,and can be used as important indicators for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer.In particular,markers that appear abnormally elevated initially may help identify gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 play an important role in the prognosis assessment of gastric cancer,and are effective tools to guide clinical practice and optimize individualized treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.展开更多
Objective- To compare the consistency of the results from detecting HIV-1 antibody in the paired urine and serum specimens from drug users by ELISA. Methods: The paired urine and serum specimens from 273 drug users de...Objective- To compare the consistency of the results from detecting HIV-1 antibody in the paired urine and serum specimens from drug users by ELISA. Methods: The paired urine and serum specimens from 273 drug users detained at a detoxification unit were collected, and the HIV-1 antibodies in the specimens of them were screened by urine and serum ELISA kits, respectively. Results: Of 273 serum specimens, 94 ones showed positive reaction and among 94 counterpart urine specimens, 93 ones also appeared positive reaction. Taking the results together,the consistent rate of HIV-1 antibody screened by urine and serum ELISA kits was 99.6%. Conclusion: The urine ELISA kit, which screened HIV-1 antibody of urine showing almost the same results tested by serum ELISA kit, is reliable. It is proposed that urine ELISA be introduced in many fields.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONCarcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) , originally described by Gold and Freedman [1] in 1965, is now an acknowledged member of immunoglobulin superfamily[2],with a role as an intracellular adhesion molecule[3]....INTRODUCTIONCarcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) , originally described by Gold and Freedman [1] in 1965, is now an acknowledged member of immunoglobulin superfamily[2],with a role as an intracellular adhesion molecule[3].Carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9), obtained with a monoclonal antibody produced by immunizing a monoclonal antibody produced by immunizing a mouse with a colonic cancer cell line in 1979[4],is a ligand for E-selectin that plays an important role in the addhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells [5,6].展开更多
The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of dige...The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of digestive system complications in the course of their use. Recent data suggests that the complications of the lower gastro-intestinal tract may be as frequent and severe as those of the upper tract. NSAIDs enteropathy is due to enterohepatic recycling of the drugs resulting in a prolonged and repeated exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the compound and its metabolites. Thus leading to so-called topical effects, which, in turn, lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier. This process determines bacterial translocation and toxic substances of intestinal origin in the portal circulation, leading to an endotoxaemia. This condition could determine a liver inflammatory response and might promote the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, mostly in patients with risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and a high fat diet, which may induce a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis. This alteration of gut microbiota may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related disorders in two ways: firstly causing a malfunction of the tight junctions that play a critical role in the increase of intestinal permeability, and then secondly leading to the development of insulin resistance, body weight gain, lipogenesis, fibrogenesis and hepatic oxidative stress.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Scholars have investigated the differences in drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics between valproate and its sustained-release tablets only from the angle of pharmaceutical sciences or clinical practice. ...BACKGROUND： Scholars have investigated the differences in drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics between valproate and its sustained-release tablets only from the angle of pharmaceutical sciences or clinical practice. Whether the fact that differences in drug efficacy and time-effect of different doses of valproate and different types of sustained-release valproate tablets at the same concentration can be quantitatively reflected by determining the changes in convulsive threshold pre- and post-administration in rat models of determining the convulsive threshold developed by direct cortical electrical stimulation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： This study aimed to compare the drug efficacy and time-effect among magnesium valproate, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono in the treatment of epilepsy by determining the convulsive threshold of rat models created by direct cortical electrical stimulation, and human serum drug concentration before and after administration. DESIGN： A controlled observational experiment. SETTING： Research Institute of Epilepsy, Shanxi Medical University. MATERIALS： Adult health male SD rats of clean grade, weighing 200 - 220 g, provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University. The protocol was carried out in accordance with requests from Animal Ethics Committees for guidance. Magnesium valproate （Lot No. 041004） and sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet （Lot No. 050501） were produced in Hunan Xiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： This study was carried out in the Laboratory for Epilepsy, Shanxi Medical University between June and August 2005. （1）All the SD rats were created into models for determining cortical convulsive threshold. They were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 rats in each： magnesium valproate tablet group, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group, depakine chrono group and control group. After being modeled, the rats in the first 3 groups were intragastrically administrated with magnesium valproate, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono, respectively, while the control group were intragastrically administrated with the same volume of normal saline. （2）Convulsive threshold of each fasting rat was determined 0.5 hour before, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 and 24 hours after single administration, separately. （3） Convulsive threshold was determined repeatedly 2 weeks after single administration. Each rat was administrated two times daily successively. Convulsive threshold was determined 0.5 hour before, and 0.5, 2.5, 7 and 12 hours after administration, separately. （4）Hepatic and renal tissues were harvested for pathological examination after 1 month of administration. （5）Nine healthy voluntary medical stuffs were recruited in this study. Written informed consents of experiment were obtained each involved subject. The study was given an approval by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Medical University. According to the scheme, the 9 volunteers were randomly assigned into 3 groups, in which, volunteers were asked to take magnesium valproate 500 g, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet 500 g and depakine chrono 500 g, respectively, in the morning under the condition of fasting. Serum drug concentration of each drug was determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay at different time points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （2） Rat convulsive threshold after single and repeated administrations. （2）Hepatic and renal pathological examination results. （3） Serum drug concentration in vivo. RESULTS：（4）Rat convulsive threshold after single and repeated administrations： Drug efficacy in the magnesium valproate tablet group reached to a peak level 1 to 2 hours after single administration, and was obviously higher than that in the other groups 1 hour after administration （P 〈 0.05）. Drug efficacy in the sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group and depakine chrono group both reached to a peak level 7 hours after administration, and was significantly higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. After repeated administrations, the average peak valley deviation of the convulsive threshold in the magnesium valproate tablet group was 120- 150 μ A, which was 2 and 2.5 times as that in the sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group and depakine chrono group, respectively. After repeated administrations for 10 times, convulsive threshold was increased by 440 μ A in the sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group, and by 230 μ A in the depakine chrono group in comparison with before administration. （2） Hepatic and renal pathological examination results： No obvious differences in hepatic and renal impairment were found among the 4 groups after I month of administration successively. （3） Serum drug concentration in vivo： Serum-drug concentration of magnesium valproate was increased fast and reached to a peak level 0.5 - 2 hours after administration, remained at a relatively stable level 2 - 4 hours after administration, and then was slowly decreased. The drug efficacy of sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono was slowly released 1 - 6 hours after administration, reached to a peak level at about 7 hours, and could last for about 16 hours. CONCLUSION： Magnesium valproate has a rapid onset and offset of action. Sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet has a slow onset but long duration of drug efficacy. Depakine chrono can be easier to be absorbed than sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet, but its long-term effect on improving the convulsive threshold is inferior to sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet.展开更多
[Objectives] To explore whether the thin layer chromatography( TLC) can be used to guide the preparation of drug containing serum of eucalyptus oil. [Methods]Eucalyptus oil samples with different dilution ratio were d...[Objectives] To explore whether the thin layer chromatography( TLC) can be used to guide the preparation of drug containing serum of eucalyptus oil. [Methods]Eucalyptus oil samples with different dilution ratio were detected by TLC. Eucalyptus oil was intragastrically administered to mice,serum samples of different eucalyptus oil doses,different intragastric administration methods and different blood sampling times were collected. The above samples were detected by TLC,and the above results were verified by gas chromatography. [Results] TLC can detect concentration difference of eucalyptus oil samples with different dilution ratio. TLC can provide qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of eucalyptus oil in serum. High,medium and low dose of eucalyptus oil in serum had different effects on the growth of MCF-7 cells in the SD rats( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions] TLC can be used to guide the preparation of drug containing serum of eucalyptus oil.展开更多
Chronic alcohol use is a common problem globally among the HIV-infected patients on ARV treatment regimens, leading to severe liver damage and increase in serum enzymes. The study determined effect of chronic alcohol ...Chronic alcohol use is a common problem globally among the HIV-infected patients on ARV treatment regimens, leading to severe liver damage and increase in serum enzymes. The study determined effect of chronic alcohol intake on serum enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT)) in HIV-infected patients on d4T/3TC/NVP treatment regimen in Uganda using the WHO alcohol use disorders’ identification test (AUDIT) tool and chronic alcohol use biomarkers (ALT, AST, GGT, AST/ALT ≥ 2.0 and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)). A case control study using repeated measure design with serial measurements model was used. Alcohol use biomarkers were used to standardize the gender differences in alcohol use. A total of 41 patients (21 alcohol group and 20 control group) were followed up for 9 months with blood sampling done at 3 month intervals. The serum enzymes’ levels were determined by using the Cobas Intergra 400 Plus analyzer system. The mean GGT levels were higher in chronic alcohol use group as compared to control group in both groups. The levels were above reference ranges during 6 month and three times higher during 9-month follow-up period for both chronic alcohol use self reporting WHO AUDIT tool and biomarkers’ groups. Generally, the mean AST, ALT and AST/ALT levels were slightly higher in alcohol use group as compared to control group and were slightly higher in both groups as compared to reference ranges during the 9 month follow-up period. Chronic alcohol consumption by HIV-infected patients on d4T/3TC/NVP drug regimen increased GGT and AST/ALT serum enzyme levels and hence was used as chronic alcohol use biomarkers.展开更多
In pH 5.5 phosphate buffer solution, N-n-undecyl-N＇-（sodium-p-amino-benzenesulfonate） thiourea （UPT） produced a pair of redox peaks on the bare glassy carbon electrode. At the multi-walled carbon nanotube （MWNT...In pH 5.5 phosphate buffer solution, N-n-undecyl-N＇-（sodium-p-amino-benzenesulfonate） thiourea （UPT） produced a pair of redox peaks on the bare glassy carbon electrode. At the multi-walled carbon nanotube （MWNT） modified electrode, the electrochemical behavior of UPT enhanced greatly. In the presence of bovine serum albumin （BSA）, the peak currents of UPT decreased linearly due to the formation of a super-molecular complex. This method was successfully applied to the determination of BSA in a bovine serum sample.展开更多
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that the costimulatory molecule 4-1BB plays pivotal roles in regulating immunity during chronic viral infection.However,up to now,there are few studies about 4-1BB in chronic...BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that the costimulatory molecule 4-1BB plays pivotal roles in regulating immunity during chronic viral infection.However,up to now,there are few studies about 4-1BB in chronic hepatitis B(CHB).AIM To clarify this issue,we report our comprehensive study results on the expression levels of 4-1BB in patients with CHB.METHODS From September 2018 to June 2019,a total of 64 patients with CHB were recruited from the Department of Hepatology,The First Hospital of Jilin University.Peripheral blood samples were collected from 52 treatment-naïve and 12 entecavir-treated patients with CHB as well as 37 healthy donors(including 24 healthy adults and 13 healthy children).The levels of soluble 4-1BB(s4-1BB)in plasma were measured by ELISA.4-1BB mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.RESULTS The s4-1BB levels in the plasma of patients with CHB were significantly higher than those in healthy adults(94.390±7.393 ng/mL vs 8.875±0.914 ng/mL,P<0.001).In addition,the s4-1BB level in plasma was significantly increased in patients with a higher viral load and a disease flare up.However,there were no significant differences between treatment-naïve and entecavir-treated patients.Interestingly,among treatment-naïve patients with CHB,the levels of s4-1BB in plasma had a significant positive correlation with hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B virus DNA,hepatitis B e antigen,and triglyceride levels(r=0.748,P<0.001;r=0.406,P=0.004;r=0.356,P=0.019 and r=-0.469,P=0.007,respectively).The 4-1BB mRNA expression was higher in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with CHB than in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy adults,but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION These results suggest that the levels of s4-1BB may be associated with pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus and therefore may be a promising biomarker for disease progression.展开更多
The binding of （-）-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate （EGCG） to bovine serum albumin （BSA） were investigated for the first time with spectral methods, including fluorescence and absorption spectrometry under simulativ...The binding of （-）-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate （EGCG） to bovine serum albumin （BSA） were investigated for the first time with spectral methods, including fluorescence and absorption spectrometry under simulative physiological conditions. A strong fluorescence quenching reaction of EGCG to BSA was observed. It was proved that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by addition of EGCG was a result of the formation of EGCG-BSA complex. The binding constant K and the number of binding sites n were determined at physiological conditions and three different temperatures with fluorescence quenching method. The binding distance R and transfer efficiency E between BSA and EGCG were also obtained according to Forster theory of non-radiation energy transfer. The effects of Al^3＋, Cu^2＋, Mg^2＋ and Fe^2＋ on the binding constant between EGCG and BSA were studied at 298 K. The effect of EGCG on the conformation of BSA was also analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. PACS. 21. 10. Dr; 32. 50. ＋d; 32. 30. Jc; 82.80. Dx展开更多
Proceeding from natural amino acid L-asparagine and commercially available aldehydes a stereoselective synthesis was developed of (2S,4S)-2-alkyl(aryl)-3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)-6-oxohexahy- dropyrimidine-4-carboxylic a...Proceeding from natural amino acid L-asparagine and commercially available aldehydes a stereoselective synthesis was developed of (2S,4S)-2-alkyl(aryl)-3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)-6-oxohexahy- dropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acids, potential antihypertensive drugs, inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatic metastases are common and difficult to treat after colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery.The predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125 and CA19-9 combined tests for liver metas...BACKGROUND Hepatic metastases are common and difficult to treat after colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery.The predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125 and CA19-9 combined tests for liver metastasis is unclear.AIM To evaluate predictive value of combined tests for CEA,CA125,and CA19-9 levels in patients with liver metastases of CRC.METHODS The retrospective study included patients with CRC alone(50 cases)and patients with CRC combined with liver metastases(50 cases)who were hospitalized between January 2021 and January 2023.Serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels were compared between the two groups,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of the combination of these tumor markers in liver metastasis.In addition,we performed receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis to assess its diagnostic accuracy.RESULTS The results showed that the serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels in the CRC with liver metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the CRC alone group.Specifically,the average serum CEA level in the CRC with liver metastasis group was 162.03±810.01 ng/mL,while that in the CRC alone group was 5.71±9.76 ng/mL;the average serum CA125 levels were 43.47±83.52 U/mL respectively.and 13.5±19.68 U/mL;the average serum CA19-9 levels were 184.46±473.13 U/mL and 26.55±43.96 U/mL respectively.In addition,binary logistic regression analysis showed that CA125 was significant in predicting CRC liver metastasis(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves of CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 were 0.607,0.692 and 0.586.CONCLUSION These results suggest that combined detection of these tumor markers may help early detection and intervention of CRC liver metastasis,thereby improving patient prognosis.展开更多
Aim: To reveal the exonic and 3’UTR sequences of KRAS, TP53, APC, BRAF, PIK3CA genes in sporadic colorectal tumors and to investigate the clinical relevance of 3’UTR variations in miRNA profiles. Methods: In the stu...Aim: To reveal the exonic and 3’UTR sequences of KRAS, TP53, APC, BRAF, PIK3CA genes in sporadic colorectal tumors and to investigate the clinical relevance of 3’UTR variations in miRNA profiles. Methods: In the study, the exonic and 3’UTR sequences of five genes in 12 sporadic colorectal tumors were extracted by next generation sequencing. In tumors with variation in the 3’UTR region, the changes caused by the variation in the miRNA binding profile were detected. The expression profile of these miRNAs in colorectal and other solid tumors compared to normal tissue was determined. Pathway analysis was performed to determine which signaling pathways miRNAs affect. Results: Case-10 in our study was wild type KRAS and received cetuximab treatment and developed drug resistance. In this case, it was concluded that the expression of KRAS increased and tumorigenesis progressed due to miRNAs that do not bind to this region due to variations in the 3’UTR region. Among these miRNAs, hsa-miR-124-3p was found to have decreased expression in colorectal tumors and to be associated with the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. Conclusion: Variations in the 3’UTR regions of genes critical in the process of carsinogenesis are associated with drug resistance and the process of tumorigenesis.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Rectal carcinoma(RC),one of the most common malignancies globally,presents an increasing incidence and mortality year by year,especially among young people,which seriously affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients.At present,dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)parameters and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9)and CA125 Levels have been used in clinical practice to evaluate the T stage and differentiation of RC.However,the accuracy of these evaluation modalities still needs further research.This study explores the application and value of these methods in evaluating the T stage and differentiation degree of RC.AIM To analyze the diagnostic performance of DCE-MRI parameters combined with serum tumor markers(TMs)in assessing pathological processes and prognosis of RC patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 104 RC patients treated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from May 2018 to January 2022.Patients were categorized into stages T1,T2,T3,and T4,depending on their T stage and differentiation degree.In addition,they were assigned to low(L group)and moderate-high differentiation(M+H group)groups based on their differentiation degree.The levels of DCE-MRI parameters and serum CA19-9 and CA125 in different groups of patients were compared.In addition,the value of DCE-MRI parameters[volume transfer constant(Ktrans),rate constant(Kep),and extravascular extracellular volume fraction(Ve)in assessing the differentiation and T staging of RC patients was discussed.Furthermore,the usefulness of DCE-MRI parameters combined with serum CA19-9 and CA125 Levels in the evaluation of RC differentiation and T staging was analyzed.RESULTS Ktrans,Ve,CA19-9 and CA125 were higher in the high-stage group and L group than in the low-stage group and M+H Group,respectively(P<0.05).The areas under the curve(AUCs)of the Ktran and Ve parameters were 0.638 and 0.694 in the diagnosis of high and low stages,respectively,and 0.672 and 0.725 in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation,respectively.The AUC of DCE-MRI parameters(Ktrans+Ve)in the diagnosis of high and low stages was 0.742,and the AUC in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation was 0.769.The AUCs of CA19-9 and CA-125 were 0.773 and 0.802 in the diagnosis of high and low stages,respectively,and 0.834 and 0.796 in diagnosing moderate-high and low differentiation,respectively.Then,we combined DCE-MRI(Ktrans+Ve)parameters with CA19-9 and CA-125 and found that the AUC of DCE-MRI parameters plus serum TMs was 0.836 in the diagnosis of high and low stages and 0.946 in the diagnosis of moderate-high and low differentiation.According to the Delong test,the AUC of DCE-MRI parameters plus serum TMs increased significantly compared with serum TMs alone in the diagnosis of T stage and differentiation degree(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The levels of the DCE-MRI parameters Ktrans and Ve and the serum TMs CA19-9 and CA125 all increase with increasing T stage and decreasing differentiation degree of RC and can be used as indices to evaluate the differentiation degree of RC in clinical practice.Moreover,the combined evaluation of the above indices has a better effect and more obvious clinical value,providing important guiding importance for clinical condition judgment and treatment selection.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of great significance to find reliable prog-nostic indicators to guide the treatment and management of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To explore the relationship between serum levels of five biomarkers[carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2,and ferritin]and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS This study included 200 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,and conducted an in-depth analysis of their baseline characteristics,relationship between tumor markers and staging,and prognosis.The study found that CA19-9 has a signi-ficant correlation with tumor stage,the average levels of CA24-2,CEA,CA72-4 and ferritin were slightly increased disregarding the stage of tumor.Survival analysis showed that increases in CEA,CA19-9,CA24-2,and ferritin were all associated with shortened overall survival of patients.Further multivariate ana-lysis revealed that elevated serum CA72-4 levels were an inde-pendent adverse prognostic factor.RESULTS This study reveals that there is a significant correlation between the expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2 and ferritin in patients with gastric cancer and prognosis,and can be used as important indicators for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer.In particular,markers that appear abnormally elevated initially may help identify gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 play an important role in the prognosis assessment of gastric cancer,and are effective tools to guide clinical practice and optimize individualized treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.
文摘Objective- To compare the consistency of the results from detecting HIV-1 antibody in the paired urine and serum specimens from drug users by ELISA. Methods: The paired urine and serum specimens from 273 drug users detained at a detoxification unit were collected, and the HIV-1 antibodies in the specimens of them were screened by urine and serum ELISA kits, respectively. Results: Of 273 serum specimens, 94 ones showed positive reaction and among 94 counterpart urine specimens, 93 ones also appeared positive reaction. Taking the results together,the consistent rate of HIV-1 antibody screened by urine and serum ELISA kits was 99.6%. Conclusion: The urine ELISA kit, which screened HIV-1 antibody of urine showing almost the same results tested by serum ELISA kit, is reliable. It is proposed that urine ELISA be introduced in many fields.
基金This study was supported by the research grant from Administration of Key Disciplines for"Project 211"of Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences,Grant No.98097.
文摘INTRODUCTIONCarcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) , originally described by Gold and Freedman [1] in 1965, is now an acknowledged member of immunoglobulin superfamily[2],with a role as an intracellular adhesion molecule[3].Carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9), obtained with a monoclonal antibody produced by immunizing a monoclonal antibody produced by immunizing a mouse with a colonic cancer cell line in 1979[4],is a ligand for E-selectin that plays an important role in the addhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells [5,6].
文摘The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) is widespread worldwide thanks to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. However, even more attention is placed upon the recurrence of digestive system complications in the course of their use. Recent data suggests that the complications of the lower gastro-intestinal tract may be as frequent and severe as those of the upper tract. NSAIDs enteropathy is due to enterohepatic recycling of the drugs resulting in a prolonged and repeated exposure of the intestinal mucosa to the compound and its metabolites. Thus leading to so-called topical effects, which, in turn, lead to an impairment of the intestinal barrier. This process determines bacterial translocation and toxic substances of intestinal origin in the portal circulation, leading to an endotoxaemia. This condition could determine a liver inflammatory response and might promote the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, mostly in patients with risk factors such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and a high fat diet, which may induce a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis. This alteration of gut microbiota may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related disorders in two ways: firstly causing a malfunction of the tight junctions that play a critical role in the increase of intestinal permeability, and then secondly leading to the development of insulin resistance, body weight gain, lipogenesis, fibrogenesis and hepatic oxidative stress.
文摘BACKGROUND： Scholars have investigated the differences in drug metabolism and pharmacodynamics between valproate and its sustained-release tablets only from the angle of pharmaceutical sciences or clinical practice. Whether the fact that differences in drug efficacy and time-effect of different doses of valproate and different types of sustained-release valproate tablets at the same concentration can be quantitatively reflected by determining the changes in convulsive threshold pre- and post-administration in rat models of determining the convulsive threshold developed by direct cortical electrical stimulation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： This study aimed to compare the drug efficacy and time-effect among magnesium valproate, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono in the treatment of epilepsy by determining the convulsive threshold of rat models created by direct cortical electrical stimulation, and human serum drug concentration before and after administration. DESIGN： A controlled observational experiment. SETTING： Research Institute of Epilepsy, Shanxi Medical University. MATERIALS： Adult health male SD rats of clean grade, weighing 200 - 220 g, provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Shanxi Medical University. The protocol was carried out in accordance with requests from Animal Ethics Committees for guidance. Magnesium valproate （Lot No. 041004） and sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet （Lot No. 050501） were produced in Hunan Xiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： This study was carried out in the Laboratory for Epilepsy, Shanxi Medical University between June and August 2005. （1）All the SD rats were created into models for determining cortical convulsive threshold. They were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 rats in each： magnesium valproate tablet group, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group, depakine chrono group and control group. After being modeled, the rats in the first 3 groups were intragastrically administrated with magnesium valproate, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono, respectively, while the control group were intragastrically administrated with the same volume of normal saline. （2）Convulsive threshold of each fasting rat was determined 0.5 hour before, and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14 and 24 hours after single administration, separately. （3） Convulsive threshold was determined repeatedly 2 weeks after single administration. Each rat was administrated two times daily successively. Convulsive threshold was determined 0.5 hour before, and 0.5, 2.5, 7 and 12 hours after administration, separately. （4）Hepatic and renal tissues were harvested for pathological examination after 1 month of administration. （5）Nine healthy voluntary medical stuffs were recruited in this study. Written informed consents of experiment were obtained each involved subject. The study was given an approval by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Medical University. According to the scheme, the 9 volunteers were randomly assigned into 3 groups, in which, volunteers were asked to take magnesium valproate 500 g, sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet 500 g and depakine chrono 500 g, respectively, in the morning under the condition of fasting. Serum drug concentration of each drug was determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay at different time points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （2） Rat convulsive threshold after single and repeated administrations. （2）Hepatic and renal pathological examination results. （3） Serum drug concentration in vivo. RESULTS：（4）Rat convulsive threshold after single and repeated administrations： Drug efficacy in the magnesium valproate tablet group reached to a peak level 1 to 2 hours after single administration, and was obviously higher than that in the other groups 1 hour after administration （P 〈 0.05）. Drug efficacy in the sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group and depakine chrono group both reached to a peak level 7 hours after administration, and was significantly higher than that in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. After repeated administrations, the average peak valley deviation of the convulsive threshold in the magnesium valproate tablet group was 120- 150 μ A, which was 2 and 2.5 times as that in the sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group and depakine chrono group, respectively. After repeated administrations for 10 times, convulsive threshold was increased by 440 μ A in the sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet group, and by 230 μ A in the depakine chrono group in comparison with before administration. （2） Hepatic and renal pathological examination results： No obvious differences in hepatic and renal impairment were found among the 4 groups after I month of administration successively. （3） Serum drug concentration in vivo： Serum-drug concentration of magnesium valproate was increased fast and reached to a peak level 0.5 - 2 hours after administration, remained at a relatively stable level 2 - 4 hours after administration, and then was slowly decreased. The drug efficacy of sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet and depakine chrono was slowly released 1 - 6 hours after administration, reached to a peak level at about 7 hours, and could last for about 16 hours. CONCLUSION： Magnesium valproate has a rapid onset and offset of action. Sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet has a slow onset but long duration of drug efficacy. Depakine chrono can be easier to be absorbed than sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet, but its long-term effect on improving the convulsive threshold is inferior to sustained-release magnesium valproate tablet.
基金Supported by Key Social Research Project of Guizhou Province(Qian Ke He SY[2011]3054)Student Innovation Project of Zunyi Medical University(Zun Yi[2015]5020)State-level College Student Innovation Project(201610661029)
文摘[Objectives] To explore whether the thin layer chromatography( TLC) can be used to guide the preparation of drug containing serum of eucalyptus oil. [Methods]Eucalyptus oil samples with different dilution ratio were detected by TLC. Eucalyptus oil was intragastrically administered to mice,serum samples of different eucalyptus oil doses,different intragastric administration methods and different blood sampling times were collected. The above samples were detected by TLC,and the above results were verified by gas chromatography. [Results] TLC can detect concentration difference of eucalyptus oil samples with different dilution ratio. TLC can provide qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of eucalyptus oil in serum. High,medium and low dose of eucalyptus oil in serum had different effects on the growth of MCF-7 cells in the SD rats( P < 0. 05). [Conclusions] TLC can be used to guide the preparation of drug containing serum of eucalyptus oil.
文摘Chronic alcohol use is a common problem globally among the HIV-infected patients on ARV treatment regimens, leading to severe liver damage and increase in serum enzymes. The study determined effect of chronic alcohol intake on serum enzymes (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT)) in HIV-infected patients on d4T/3TC/NVP treatment regimen in Uganda using the WHO alcohol use disorders’ identification test (AUDIT) tool and chronic alcohol use biomarkers (ALT, AST, GGT, AST/ALT ≥ 2.0 and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)). A case control study using repeated measure design with serial measurements model was used. Alcohol use biomarkers were used to standardize the gender differences in alcohol use. A total of 41 patients (21 alcohol group and 20 control group) were followed up for 9 months with blood sampling done at 3 month intervals. The serum enzymes’ levels were determined by using the Cobas Intergra 400 Plus analyzer system. The mean GGT levels were higher in chronic alcohol use group as compared to control group in both groups. The levels were above reference ranges during 6 month and three times higher during 9-month follow-up period for both chronic alcohol use self reporting WHO AUDIT tool and biomarkers’ groups. Generally, the mean AST, ALT and AST/ALT levels were slightly higher in alcohol use group as compared to control group and were slightly higher in both groups as compared to reference ranges during the 9 month follow-up period. Chronic alcohol consumption by HIV-infected patients on d4T/3TC/NVP drug regimen increased GGT and AST/ALT serum enzyme levels and hence was used as chronic alcohol use biomarkers.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20575077).
文摘In pH 5.5 phosphate buffer solution, N-n-undecyl-N＇-（sodium-p-amino-benzenesulfonate） thiourea （UPT） produced a pair of redox peaks on the bare glassy carbon electrode. At the multi-walled carbon nanotube （MWNT） modified electrode, the electrochemical behavior of UPT enhanced greatly. In the presence of bovine serum albumin （BSA）, the peak currents of UPT decreased linearly due to the formation of a super-molecular complex. This method was successfully applied to the determination of BSA in a bovine serum sample.
基金Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control—Tian-Qing Liver Disease Research Fund Subject,No.TQGB20200118.
文摘BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that the costimulatory molecule 4-1BB plays pivotal roles in regulating immunity during chronic viral infection.However,up to now,there are few studies about 4-1BB in chronic hepatitis B(CHB).AIM To clarify this issue,we report our comprehensive study results on the expression levels of 4-1BB in patients with CHB.METHODS From September 2018 to June 2019,a total of 64 patients with CHB were recruited from the Department of Hepatology,The First Hospital of Jilin University.Peripheral blood samples were collected from 52 treatment-naïve and 12 entecavir-treated patients with CHB as well as 37 healthy donors(including 24 healthy adults and 13 healthy children).The levels of soluble 4-1BB(s4-1BB)in plasma were measured by ELISA.4-1BB mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by real-time quantitative PCR.RESULTS The s4-1BB levels in the plasma of patients with CHB were significantly higher than those in healthy adults(94.390±7.393 ng/mL vs 8.875±0.914 ng/mL,P<0.001).In addition,the s4-1BB level in plasma was significantly increased in patients with a higher viral load and a disease flare up.However,there were no significant differences between treatment-naïve and entecavir-treated patients.Interestingly,among treatment-naïve patients with CHB,the levels of s4-1BB in plasma had a significant positive correlation with hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B virus DNA,hepatitis B e antigen,and triglyceride levels(r=0.748,P<0.001;r=0.406,P=0.004;r=0.356,P=0.019 and r=-0.469,P=0.007,respectively).The 4-1BB mRNA expression was higher in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with CHB than in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy adults,but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION These results suggest that the levels of s4-1BB may be associated with pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus and therefore may be a promising biomarker for disease progression.
文摘The binding of （-）-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate （EGCG） to bovine serum albumin （BSA） were investigated for the first time with spectral methods, including fluorescence and absorption spectrometry under simulative physiological conditions. A strong fluorescence quenching reaction of EGCG to BSA was observed. It was proved that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by addition of EGCG was a result of the formation of EGCG-BSA complex. The binding constant K and the number of binding sites n were determined at physiological conditions and three different temperatures with fluorescence quenching method. The binding distance R and transfer efficiency E between BSA and EGCG were also obtained according to Forster theory of non-radiation energy transfer. The effects of Al^3＋, Cu^2＋, Mg^2＋ and Fe^2＋ on the binding constant between EGCG and BSA were studied at 298 K. The effect of EGCG on the conformation of BSA was also analyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. PACS. 21. 10. Dr; 32. 50. ＋d; 32. 30. Jc; 82.80. Dx
文摘Proceeding from natural amino acid L-asparagine and commercially available aldehydes a stereoselective synthesis was developed of (2S,4S)-2-alkyl(aryl)-3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)-6-oxohexahy- dropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acids, potential antihypertensive drugs, inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatic metastases are common and difficult to treat after colorectal cancer(CRC)surgery.The predictive value of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),cancer antigen(CA)125 and CA19-9 combined tests for liver metastasis is unclear.AIM To evaluate predictive value of combined tests for CEA,CA125,and CA19-9 levels in patients with liver metastases of CRC.METHODS The retrospective study included patients with CRC alone(50 cases)and patients with CRC combined with liver metastases(50 cases)who were hospitalized between January 2021 and January 2023.Serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels were compared between the two groups,and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the predictive value of the combination of these tumor markers in liver metastasis.In addition,we performed receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis to assess its diagnostic accuracy.RESULTS The results showed that the serum CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 levels in the CRC with liver metastasis group were significantly higher than those in the CRC alone group.Specifically,the average serum CEA level in the CRC with liver metastasis group was 162.03±810.01 ng/mL,while that in the CRC alone group was 5.71±9.76 ng/mL;the average serum CA125 levels were 43.47±83.52 U/mL respectively.and 13.5±19.68 U/mL;the average serum CA19-9 levels were 184.46±473.13 U/mL and 26.55±43.96 U/mL respectively.In addition,binary logistic regression analysis showed that CA125 was significant in predicting CRC liver metastasis(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves of CEA,CA125 and CA19-9 were 0.607,0.692 and 0.586.CONCLUSION These results suggest that combined detection of these tumor markers may help early detection and intervention of CRC liver metastasis,thereby improving patient prognosis.
文摘Aim: To reveal the exonic and 3’UTR sequences of KRAS, TP53, APC, BRAF, PIK3CA genes in sporadic colorectal tumors and to investigate the clinical relevance of 3’UTR variations in miRNA profiles. Methods: In the study, the exonic and 3’UTR sequences of five genes in 12 sporadic colorectal tumors were extracted by next generation sequencing. In tumors with variation in the 3’UTR region, the changes caused by the variation in the miRNA binding profile were detected. The expression profile of these miRNAs in colorectal and other solid tumors compared to normal tissue was determined. Pathway analysis was performed to determine which signaling pathways miRNAs affect. Results: Case-10 in our study was wild type KRAS and received cetuximab treatment and developed drug resistance. In this case, it was concluded that the expression of KRAS increased and tumorigenesis progressed due to miRNAs that do not bind to this region due to variations in the 3’UTR region. Among these miRNAs, hsa-miR-124-3p was found to have decreased expression in colorectal tumors and to be associated with the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. Conclusion: Variations in the 3’UTR regions of genes critical in the process of carsinogenesis are associated with drug resistance and the process of tumorigenesis.
