Accessibility and Fairness of Public Service Facilities from the Perspective of Supply and Demand Coordination: A Case Study of Old Urban Area of Guangzhou City

The accessibility and fairness of public service facilities are important manifestations of the convenience and equality of urban public service resource allocation.Optimizing the layout of urban public service facilities is an inevitable requirement for promoting the construction of people centered cities.This paper takes the old urban area of Guangzhou as the research area,measures the accessibility of multiple types of public service facilities based on an improved two-step floating catchment method,and combines Palma Ratio and location quotient methods to explore the fairness of urban public service facilities from two dimensions:social equity and spatial equity,with supply and demand relationship analysis as the main line.Research has shown that:①there is a significant spatial difference in the accessibility of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou,and the comprehensive accessibility is generally higher in the central and southeastern regions of the old urban areas with fewer residential populations;②from the perspective of social equity,the resource allocation of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou is in a seriously unfair state(with a fairness index of 2.99),and there are also varying degrees of unfairness within the streets;③from the perspective of spatial equity,the location quotient of public service facilities in the old urban areas of Guangzhou shows a pattern of multil center circles decreasing,indicating a significant spatial mismatch between the accessibility supply side of public service facilities and the demand side of the residential population.The research conclusion will provide scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of urban public service facilities and ensuring the equalization of public services.

Allocation of Public Service Facilities in Villages and Towns from the Perspective of Smart Contraction: A Case Study of Zixi County, Jiangxi Province

The limitation of traditional layout system and the continuous contraction of villages and towns have brought challenges to the layout of public service facilities.It is an imperative task against this background to integrate space resources and allocate public service facilities scientifically and reasonably.This paper took the system and method of rural public service facility allocation from the perspective of smart contraction as the theoretic support,and Zixi County in Jiangxi Province for example,built the four-level life circle of“county-fundamental-basic-routine”based on the influence factors of facility allocation,village and town contraction strength,rural comprehensive assessment results,residents’trip willingness and demands on public service facilities,finally proposed the suggestions for optimizing the allocation of village and town public service facilities.

Impact of Urban Public Service Facilities on Distribution Pattern of Housing Price

The impact of different public service facilities is obtained by investigating the infl uence of public service facilities on distribution pattern of housing price in 25 cities.According to the survey results,public education service facilities have the highest weight and the greatest impact,which also refl ects the root of“school district housing fever”from the side.Public sports service facilities have the lowest score when compared with other options.This is not because public sports service facilities are not important,but is determined by actual situation of social development and actual living standard of residents in China.From the improvement and enhancement of urban public service facilities,the construction of public service facilities should be convenient for people’s education,health,culture and entertainment.

Diversity,Equality and Inclusion:Study on the Planning Concept of Public Service Facilities in Greater London

As China’s urbanization enters a transitional period,diversified supply of public service facilities and the improvement of public service facilities from the level of social equity are important themes of urban planning.The core policies and concepts of the planning of public service facilities in Greater London under the framework of the statutory urban planning system were analyzed,and the characteristics were summarized to seek possible references.Greater London takes development planning as the core,and integrates the planning of public service facilities into economic growth,overall spatial development,community construction,and the improvement of residents’ welfare from the regional to the local level under the guidance of the national policy planning framework.Among them,providing diversified infrastructure and services,focusing on diverse population needs and equal choices of different social groups,ensuring the accessibility of facilities and services,and emphasizing barrier-free design are worthy of reference for urban planning in China.

Convenience Analysis of Public Service Facilities in the Walking Circle of Urban Housing Estates

A walkable urban built environment with convenient facilities is the key to improve the living quality of urban residents and build a livable city in the new era.Taking each urban housing estate as the center and based on walking accessibility,the walking circle of housing estates was constructed.Taking the six functional systems of convenient shopping,catering service,fi nancial service,scientifi c research and education,leisure and entertainment,and medical service as evaluation factors,and considering the actual frequency of residents’use of various public service facilities and the reduction of walking,the convenience evaluation system of public service facilities was established.Taking the urban built environment within the Second Ring Road of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province as an example,it is found that the convenience of public service facilities in the walking circle of housing estates within the Second Ring Road presented a circular layer distribution of“low outside and high inside”.This study will provide the reference for urban renewal and renovation and improvement of facilities.

Distribution of Public Service Facilities under the Background of Smart Community: A Case Study of Pingguoyuan Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing City

In the context of smart community construction, the intelligent renewal of community public service facilities faces many challenges. To study the spatial distribution of smart community and community public service facilities, the distribution status of public service facilities in Pingguoyuan Street, Shijingshan District, Beijing was analyzed through POI points and relying on ArcGIS as a platform, and the distribution of public service facilities and intelligent facility strategy in the context of smart community were explored to provide contributions to the construction of smart community and the spatial optimization of intelligent facilities.

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Public Service Facilities in Shenzhen during Inventory Development Stage:An Empirical Analysis of Futian District

As the material carrier of social service industry,public service facilities are important indicators to measure human settlement.With the continuous deepening of inventory development practice,urban renewal has gradually become one of the sources of supply of public service facilities.Focusing on the urban renewal activities of Futian District,Shenzhen from 2010 to 2016,the study conducts an empirical study on the pattern of public service facility networks before and after urban renewal through social network analysis.The fi ndings show that:①on the whole,the public service system in Futian District has been effectively improved during urban renewal development;②the impact of urban renewal on public service system is characterized by differentiation,among which industrial and commercial facilities have been signifi cantly improved,while educational and medical facilities have been hardly improved;③urban renewal has a clear policy orientation as an institutional means,and promoting economic restructuring and industrial reorganization is still the primary purpose of urban renewal during inventory development stage.

Spatial Identities of Public Health Service Facilities in Metropolitan Suburban Communities: A Case Study of Shanghai Jinshan District

Both "Healthy China" and "Healthy Shanghai" programs require construction and development of community public health services. Taking Jinshan District in Shanghai as a case study, this paper evaluates the status quo of community health services from the "demand-supply" perspective, and finds a remarkable difference in the needs among different age groups, a big gap between urban and rural areas in the coverage degree of facilities, and different challenges for public service at the "prevention – treatment – health care" stages. It further puts forward several planning strategies involving(1) specific service supply based on different age groups,(2) "15-minute health service cycles" in both urban and rural communities,(3) adjustment of facilities to local conditions, and(4) promoting the quality of health services. Furthermore, it discusses in-depth issues underlying planning policies, such as the innovation of service content, the integration of different plans, and the cultivation of health service needs.

Big Data Analysis and Optimization Suggestions of Cultural Facilities in Shijingshan District,Beijing City

With the successful holding of Beijing Winter Olympic Games in 2022,the planning and cultural services of Shijingshan District have been reviewed,but the systematic planning theory has not been fully applied.Through the big data research method,the location advantages and disadvantages of Shijingshan District were analyzed,and the distribution of its cultural facilities was defined.Feasible optimization schemes were proposed according to its advantages and disadvantages as well as the experience and conditions of the Winter Olympics.

A PERISHABLE INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH SERVICE FACILITIES, MAP ARRIVALS AND PH- SERVICE TIMES

We consider a continuous review perishable （s,S） inventory system with a service facility consisting of a waiting hall of finite capacity and a single server. We assume two types of customers, ordinary and negative, arrive according to a Markovian Arrival Process （MAP）. An ordinary customer joins the queue and a negative customer instead of joining the queue removes one ordinary customer from the queue. The removal rule adopted in this paper is RCE （removal of a customer from the end）. The individual customer＇s unit demand is satisfied after a random time of service which is assumed to have a phase-type distribution. The life time of each item and the lead time of the reorders have been assumed to be independent exponential distributions. The joint probability distribution of the number of customers in the system and the inventory level is obtained for the steady state case. Various stationary system performance measures are computed and the total expected cost rate is calculated. The results are illustrated numerically.

Role Expectation of Nurse Managers in Geriatric Health Services Facilities

Back ground: The characteristics of geriatric health services facilities (GHSF) in Japan include provision of care focused on the life of the residents, and there is a need for cooperation between care workers and physical therapists responsible for the care. Thus, it is expected that a nurse manager occupies specific roles suited for the above characteristics that are different from those of medical facilities. Thus, we aimed to clarify the role expected of nurse managers via a questionnaire survey administered to nurses and care workers in GHSF. Methods: We used a descriptive, cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in 56 GHSF all over Japan. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The questionnaires consisted of 35 items for determining role expectation of nurse managers, the background information of respondents. The role of nurse managers was analyzed using principal factor analysis (promax rotation). Findings: A total of 259 nurses and care workers participated in this study. We extracted 34 items by factor analysis, which were classified into three factors (promotion of home nursing, management of medical care, and environment creation for collaboration and education). Among care workers, four factors consisting of 33 items were extracted. Factors one, two, and three were similar to those of nurses;“intervention to ethical problem” was extracted as the additional fourth factor. Conclusion: The roles required for nurse managers in GHSF are the promotion of home nursing, which is the original role of the health services facilities, exhibition of the specialty as a healthcare professional, creation of a work environment that promotes mutual understanding for collaboration with other professionals, and enhancement of the education and training system.

Assessment of reproductive health service utilization in urban slums: Evidence from Western Rajasthan

Objective:To assess the utilization of reproductive health services in urban slum of Jodhpur city,India.Methods:A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban slums of Jodhpur city amongst 300 married women of reproductive age between March and June 2021.Semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and information about utilization of antenatal care(ANC)services,delivery and post-partum services.Results:The majority of females were aged less than 25 years(n=195;65.0%),married after 18 years(n=240;80%),living in extended families(n=265;88.3%)and with monthly family income less than 10000 rupees(n=182;60.7%).Statistically significant associations were found between≥4 ANC visits and educational level of secondary and above(OR 2.47,95%CI 1.03–6.28;P=0.04),older age(OR 15.70,95%CI 14.87–16.54 for women aged 26-35 years,OR 16.14,95%CI 12.12–20.01 for women aged≥36 years;P<0.01),and backward and general castes(OR 15.91,95%CI 13.57–17.85 for backward caste and OR 8.11,95%CI 8.07–8.26 for general category of caste;P<0.01).Seven percent of females had undergone parturition.Older age was associated with higher risks of postpartum complications(OR 1.06,95%CI 1.01–1.57 for women aged 26-35 years,OR 3.56,95%CI 1.29–4.69 for women aged≥36 years;P<0.01).In addition,risks of postpartum complications were associated with backward and general castes(OR 1.69,95%CI 1.34–2.13 for backward classes and OR 5.01,95%CI 4.29–5.31 for general category castes;P<0.01),and more than 4 ANC visits(OR 0.20,95%CI 0.09–0.34;P<0.01).Conclusions:More frequent ANC visits are associated with a lower risk of postpartum complications.Furthermore,a high utilization of reproductive health services represents good implementation of reproductive and child health programme at the peripheral level resulting in a stark rise in maternal health indicators in the state of Rajasthan.

A family nurse-led intervention for reducing health services’utilization in individuals with chronic diseases:The ADVICE pilot study

Objectives:Intensive health services'utilization is common in older individuals affected by chronic diseases.This study assessed whether a structured family nurse-led educational intervention would be effective in reducing health services'use(readmissions and/or emergency service access)among older people affected by chronic conditions.Methods:This is a non-randomized before-after pilot study.A sample of 78 patients was recruited from two general practices in Italy and 70 among them were followed for 8 months.Standard home care was provided during the first four months'period(months 1-4),followed by the educational intervention until the end of the study(months 5-8).The intervention,based on the teach-back method,consisted of by-weekly 60-min home sessions targeting aspects of the disease and its treatment,potential complications,medication adherence,and health behaviours.Rates of health services'use were collected immediately before(T0),and after the interventions(T1).Differences in utilization rates were examined by the McNemar's test.Potential factors associated with the risk of health services'use were explored with a Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:The sample(n=78)was predominantly female(n=50,64.1%),and had a mean age of 76.2(SD=4.8)years.Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent disease(n=27,34.6%).McNemar's test indicated a significant reduction in health services'use at T1(McNemar χ^(2)==28.03,P<0.001).Cox regressions indicated that time and patient education,as well as their interaction,were the only variables positively associated with the probability of health services'use.Conclusion:A teach-back intervention led by a family nurse practitioner has the potential to reduce health services'use in older patients with chronic diseases.

Decision-Making Model of Public Service Facility Configuration in Multi-agent Communities and Its Application

The decision.making process of the public service facility configuration in multi.agent community is usually simplistic and static. In order to reflect dynamic changes and interactions of all behavior subjects induding of residents, real estate developers and the government, a decision-making model of public service facility configuration according to the multi-agent theory was made to improve the efficiency of the public service facility configuration in community and the living quality of residents. Taking a community to the cast of Jinhui Port in Fengxian District in Shanghai for example, the model analyzed the decision-makers＇ adaptive behaviors and simulated the decision.making criteria. The results indicate that the decision-making model and criteria can be well of satisfying the purpose of improving validity and rationality of public service facility configuration in large community.

Spatial Matching Degree Between Education, Healthcare, Elderly Care Facilities and the Built Environment in Megacities Based on POI Data: A Case Study of Chengdu Central Urban Area

During rapid urbanization, megacities see disparities in the spatial distribution of basic public service facilities and the urban built environment. Current research on basic public service facilities focuses on equal spatial distribution, leading to the overlook of their match with the surrounding built environment. Based on a case study on education, healthcare, and elderly care facilities in Chengdu central urban area, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of these facilities and the built environment, and examines their spatial matching degree using a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model. The findings reveal the following insights: firstly, education and healthcare facilities present a “one core and multi-center” spatial distribution pattern, with the city center serving as the core and suburban subdistricts acting as the multiple centers, while elderly care facilities present a core-edge distribution pattern in contrast;secondly, the built environment presents a core-edge radial distribution pattern, with the city center acting as the nucleus that connects suburban subdistricts;thirdly, the spatial matching degree between the facilities and the urban built environment from the city center outwards is characterized by high, low, medium, and high levels. Notably, a significant spatial mismatch is observed in urban-rural transitional zones. In light of these findings, the paper comes to a conclusion that during urbanization, the efforts to equalize basic public service facilities in the urban-rural transitional zones may lead to spatial mismatches, to which urban planners and managers should pay close attention.

Construction of Intelligent Garden

The new generation of information technology is rapidly integrating into various professional fields and becoming the link of crossing and converging disciplines.Intelligent rest station of garden is an innovative research achievement in the development of intelligent garden.It aims to serve intelligent city development of intelligent decision-making and technological innovation of green industry,benefit the people,and improve the living environment of sustainable development.

Identifying Restructuring Types of Rural Settlement Using Social Network Analysis:A Case Study of Ezhou City in Hubei Province of China

Social interaction has become one of the key factors affecting the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements(SRRS).However,most studies ignored the multi-scale impact of social networks on the identification of restructuring types of rural settlements.This paper,taking Ezhou City of Hubei Province,China as the case study area,developed a potential inter-settlement network through considering settlements as nodes,and inter-settlement interactions induced by the spatial disparity of public facilities as edges,divided towns in Ezhou City into three zones based on community structure at the town level,and then identified four types of rural settlements in light of the characteristics of cluster patterns and centrality at the patch level.The results show that the inter-settlement network in Ezhou City presents apparent disparities in terms of community structure,cluster patterns and centrality.In community analysis,high inter-community and intra-community interactions are concentrated in well-developed areas in the north and east,while weak interactions between communities occur in the southern areas dominated by traditional agricultural production.Accordingly,three zones are divided such as the urban-leading zone,urban-rural integration zone and rural-leading zone.For the network centrality and cluster patterns,high-level rural settlements are mainly distributed in the urban-leading zone,followed by the urban-rural integration zone and the rural-leading zone.Moreover,the lump cluster pattern is observed in each zone,but the chain pattern and dispersed pattern largely occur in the rural-leading zone.At same time,four types of rural settlements are identified,namely urbanized settlements,central settlements,grassroots settlements and relocated settlements.The corresponding plans are discussed in different zones regarding urbanization,integration and characteristics to provide meaningful insights for policymakers to guide SRRS.This study would contribute to our understanding of the impact of social network involved in daily life on rural settlement reconstruction,and expect to provide theoretical and methodological support for rural sustainable development in practice.

Revisiting the Model of Servicing Machines with Repairable Service Facility-A New Analyzing Idea and Some New Results

In this paper the model of servicing machines with repairable facility is further studied.By standard conditioning decomposition argument,two reliability indices-the probability that the service facility fails at time t and the expected number of failure occurring during（0,t] are discussed.Some important relations of them are given.Furthermore,some new reliability problems are presented and discussed as follows：1） The numbers of the service facility failures during the generalized service time and the generalized busy period;2） The asymptotic expansion of the expected failure number of the service facility during（0,t].A series of new reliability results of the service facility are obtained.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH SERVICE FACILITY AND POSTPONED DEMANDS

In this article, we present a continuous review （s,S） inventory system with a service facility consisting of finite buffer （capacity N ） and a single server. The customers arrive according to a Poisson process. The individual customer＇s unit demand is satisfied after a random time of service, which is assumed to be exponential. When the inventory level drops to s＇an order for Q（= S-s） items is placed. The lead time of reorder is assumed to be exponential distribution. An arriving customer, who finds the buffer is full, enters into the pool of infinite size or leaves the system according to a Bernolli trial. At the time of service completion, if the buffer size drops to a preassigned level L （1 〈 L 〈 N） or below and the inventory level is above s, we select the customers from the pool according to two different policy ： in first policy, with probability p （0 〈 p 〈 1） we select the customer from the head of the pool and we place the customer at the end of the buffer; in the second policy, with p （0 〈 p 〈 1） the customer from the pool is transferred to the buffer for immediate service and after completion of his service we provide service to the customer who is in the buffer with probability one. If at a service completion epoch the buffer turns out to be empty, there is at least one customer in the pool and the inventory level is positive, then the one ahead of all waiting in the pool gets transferred to the buffer, and his service starts immediately. The joint probability distribution of the number of customers in the pool, number of customers in the buffer and the inventory level is obtained in the steady-state case. Various stationary system performance measures are computed and total expected cost rate is calculated. A comparative result of two models is illustrate numerically.

EVALUATING INSTITUTIONAL GREEN BUILDING POLICIES:A Mixed-Methods Approach

Sustainable or green building practices have been adopted recently by many higher education institutions for their new campus buildings and major renovations.To date,no formal study has been conducted to determine if policy is essential for sustainable building practices and the implementation of LEED®for these institutional green buildings in North America.A mixed-methods approach consisting of a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews was undertaken with senior facility professionals at higher education institutions in North America.The survey evalu-ated the institution’s use of a policy,guideline,standard,law or goal related to sustainable building practices and the interview identified specific practices as well as issues such as leadership,policy compliance and barriers to adopting sustainable building policies.This paper provides a framework for an institutional sustainable building policy that is suitable to use as a template for senior facility professionals and their specific policy development.This work contrib-utes to a foundation for future research related to sustainable/green building policy development and its application to the higher education sector.