The Scope of China's Service Sectors Permitting Foreign Participation

Finance It is permitted to establish Sino-foreign joint-venture financial companies, wholly foreign-owned financial companies, and Sino-foreign joint-venture banks, provided that both sides in the joint venture are financial institutions, and the foreign side has a representative office in China.

China’s Service Sector towards 2035:Outlook,Strategic Position and Policy Advice

China is setting out on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects after achieving moderate prosperity.Modern services are an important part of China’s economy,underpinning China’s development towards a great modern socialist country.Globalization,industrial development,urbanization,innovation and income growth will drive China’s service sector development.By 2035,the service sector will account for 60.98%and 59.12%of total value-added and employment,respectively,and labor productivity in the service sector will rise from 145,500 yuan/person in 2019 to 282,300 yuan/person.The Fifth Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee called for“basically achieving the vision of socialist modernization by 2035.”According to the CPC Central Committee’s overall arrangements for the 2035 vision,we must identify a clear strategic position and tasks for the development of modern services as a key element of the modern industrial system,enhance service sector competitiveness,and achieve service sector modernization.To achieve this strategic goal,we must promote digitalized,intelligent,platform-based,standardized,and quality-oriented service sector development.We must give play to the decisive role of the market and the macro-regulatory role of the government in spurring service innovation,industry integration and clustering,and service sector reform and openness.

Digital Technology Empowers China's Service Sector Growth:Mechanism and Implementation Path

Digital technology is an instrument and vehicle for digital empowerment and the development of the digital economy.Digital applications in the service sector have spawned new business modes over recent years such as industrial internet platforms,new retail and online education,which have contributed to China s service sector growth and transition.With the help of digital technology,the service sector has maintained rapid growth,improved in terms of structure,quality and efficiency,increased public welfare,and enhanced indigenous innovation.In light of inadequate and uneven progress of digitalization and insufficient factor support and government incentives,we suggest that the government further advance digitalization development across the board,bolster factor support,and enhance policymaking.

Model and Characteristics of China's Service Sector Reform during 1978-2016

This paper intends to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of China＇s service sector reform during 1978-2016 and characterize the model of the service sector reform. Due to unique national conditions and development journey, China＇s service sector reform was carried out in the context of China＇s overall reform and opening-up program based on non-industrial motivations with a pragmatic approach to improve both people＇s livelihood and efficiency and address practical problems facing China in various stages of its development, putting aside theoretical controversies. How to further improve the model of China＇s service sector reform that came into shape in such a unique historical context and advance service sector reform is an important yet arduous task.

Re-Evaluation of China＇s Service Trade Competitiveness： A Global Value Chain Perspective

Based on the Worm Input-Output Database （WIOD）, this paper conducts a forward-linkage decomposition of value-added in trade to estimate China＇s service value-added exports and its service sector＇s international competitiveness during 2000- 2014. Result indicates that during the sample period, China＇s service exports measured by forward-linkage decomposition method accounted for around 35% in its total export. While the value of services exported directly through the service sector accounted for a falling share, the value of services exported through other sectors represented an increasing share. China ranks second in the world in terms of market share of service exports. However, the revealed comparative advantage （RCA） of China＇s service exports and export sophistication remains limited.

China’s Service Sector and the 14thFYP: Trends, Breakthroughs andPolicy Outlook

China’s service sector has developed a lot in the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and is positioned to upgrade on all fronts in the new era. In the 14th Five-Year Plan period,China’s service sector boasts huge potentials and is expected to maintain steady growth. By2025, the service sector is expected to account for 59.05% of total value added, 54.96% ofemployment, 60.51% of fixed asset investment, and 50.04% of consumption. Service laborproductivity will rise from 143,400 yuan/person in 2019 to 178,400 yuan/person by 2025.It can thus be concluded that in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China’s service sectorwill play a dominant role in the economy and head toward higher quality development. Toachieve this goal, we must allow for the decisive role of the market and the fundamentalrole of the government, and open up new prospects in development of the service sector withrespect to digilitalization, platform-based operations, smart technology, integration, andstandardization.

Expanding the US-China cooperation on service programs： New opportunities for both countries

For years, the US and China have cooperated closely on manufacturing programs, which helps China become the world manufacturing center. While they both have gained much from the cooperation, there are also increasing frictions, disputes, complains and dissatisfaction with each other because of the huge trade unbalance problem and other significant issues. The US is eager to expand export to China, but China seems hesitating to decide what to import from the US. This paper presents an analysis about the benefits of the US-China cooperation with a primary focus on the service sector, which remains a large and untapped opportunity for China. The goal of the paper is to explore a new route to relieve the trade balance issues as they separately impact both nations. While focusing on analyzing several immediate opportunities, the paper also investigates several new ideas that rest on technology as well as entrepreneurial development.

China Service Sector Growth on Track

Service sector growth nearly unchanged in April China Service Sector Tracker(CSST),based on high-frequency data,has been tracking China’s monthly tertiary industry growth since January2010.The headline tracker moderated at8.1%y/y in April from 8.2%y/y in March(Figure 1).We track value-added growth in five key sub-sectors of the tertiary industry,based on the structure of the official tertiary GDP.The

China＇s Service Economy in the Coming Five Years （2011-2015）

This paper suggests that a new approach should be taken for the development of China＇s service sector. Priorities for this include： appropriate objectives for service sector development, enhanced functionality, integrated development between manufacturing and services, improved regional layout of the service sector, and the emergence of reputable brands and leading enterprises. Well-designed and effective industrial policies, as well as calls for major breakthroughs in institutional mechanisms, must support the development of the service sector. Additionally, excessive burdens and difficult financing channels need to be addressed. More attention should be paid to the construction of the credit system, service standardization, and service statistical accounting as element tasks.

FDI in Hi-tech Service Sector and Hi-tech Manufacturing Increased

China’s foreign trade from January to July According to the Customs statistics,China’s total import and export in January-July reached RMB 13.21trillion,down 3%year on year.Among these,the export was RMB 7.6 trillion,down 1.6%;the import RMB 5.61trillion,down 4.8%.The surplus was RMB 1.99 trillion,up 8.7%.(In

Managerial Behaviors of Executive Women in India’s Service Sector

Numerous studies are emphasizing the importance of managerial behavior amongst executives in the management.Research,particularly on managerial behavior of women in executive management,is relatively underexplored.These managerial behaviors are classified into three functional domains:a task,relationship,and strategy-oriented in organizations.Little attention is paid to these managerial behaviors and skills observed amongst executive women in India’s women’s banking and finance sectors.The present study addresses this under-examined inquiry area concerning three managerial behaviors among India’s women executives.Twenty-five executive women in the banking and finance service sectors were interviewed.Moreover,fifty team members reporting to these executive women were surveyed.Findings indicate that executive women were adopting task and relationship-oriented behaviors.The third domain of strategy-oriented managerial behavior is least reported amongst executive women in the service sector organizations.These strategic change behaviors are exhibited at a minimal.In conclusion,the theoretical and practice implications of effective managerial practices in the service organization are discussed.

The Role of New Retailing Formats in the Italian Local Development

In Italy, and particularly in its southern area, super-markets and hyper-markets still represent an expanding retailing format, as they were introduced years later than in other western countries. Today, they have become large retailers capable of influencing local development from an economic, social and urban perspective. The literature concerned with their effects on the local economy has focused on labour markets, price dynamics, and inter-type competition, neglecting their impact on macroeconomic factors such as GDP, value added specific sectors--agriculture, industry and services. This study tries to contribute to fill this gap by empirically investigating associations between key characteristics of these retailers and specific macroeconomic value added factors

A CASE FOR SERVICE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

A case is made for further developing a branch of systems engineering that focuses on problems and issues which arise in the service sector. We promulgate this special focus not only because of the size and importance of the service sector but also because of the unique opportunities that systems engineering can exploit in the design and joint production and delivery of services. We begin by considering the economic, technological and demographic contexts within which the service sector has flourished; we then address both services, especially emerging services, and systems engineering, followed by a discussion of how to advance the field of service systems engineering, and concluding with several remarks. In particular, a number of service systems engineering methods are identified to enhance the design and production/delivery of services, especially taking advantage of the unique features that characterize services - namely, services, especially emerging services, are information-driven, customer-centric, e-oriented, and productivity-focused.

A great leap forward:how to choose strategies and policies to promote the Chinese service industry

The development level of the service industry is an important indicator to measure the level of economic and social development and the optimization of the economic structure.As the status of the service industry in the Chinese economy is increasing,it is playing a more important role in boosting economic growth,promoting employment and adjusting the economic structure.China is facing an unprecedented opportunity to develop its service industry.There is vast potential for the future development of producer services,consumer services,and new service industries.Development of a modern service industry should be oriented toward strategies to foster industrial convergence and industrial clustering,boosting creativity and openness.The authorities need to abolish over-regulations on finance,taxation,investment,land and talents,facilitating the development of service industry.

The Circular Economic Development Level of Beijing's Service Sector Based on AHP Modeling

As a mega-city constrained by resources and the environment, Beijing has developed a leading service sector, and it is necessary to evaluate the service sector circular economy in this major global city. Here, we estab- lish an indicator system including internal subsystem （economic production, resources consumption, waste emis- sions, and waste recycling）, external subsystem （industry correlation） and mutualistic subsystem （society devel- opment）, and use AHP modeling to evaluate the period from 2000 to 2013. We found that the development of the service sector circular economy in Beijing experienced an increase from 2000 to 2008, then a decrease from 2009 to 2013. This change mainly resulted from the decrease in Beijing＇s GDP following the international financial crisis in 2008. The internal subsystem greatly influences the service sector circular economy：synthetic weight of eco- nomic production, resource consumption, waste emissions and waste recycling was 0.367,0.136,0.136 and 0.075, respectively. Within the external subsystem, industrial correlation has a weak connection with Beijing＇s service sector circular economy with asynthetic weight of 0.143, this result illustrates that the development of the service sector circular economy has an intimate relationship with other cities or provinces around Beijing, such as Tianjin and Hebei. As are presentative of the mutualistic subsystem, society development has a positive nexus with the service sector circular economy with asynthetic weight of 0.143, proving that the development of the service sector circular economy can improve the service sector employment ratio in Beijing. We conclude with some suggestions on how to develop the service sector circular economy in Beijing.

Major problems with service industry development in China and suggestions for the thirteenth five-year plan

This paper analyzes the roots and nature of problems in China’s service industry development.Given the background of a changing environment for the service industry,the author raises several policy suggestions for growing the industry during the 13th five-year plan period:encouraging a strategy that shifts priority from manufacturing industry to the service industry;strenthening research on strategy,plan and policy about the development of service industry;providing stronger policy support for clustering in the service industry;and actively implementing pilot and demonstration projects for institutional and systemic reform of the service industry,and strengthening human resource training and development to firm up industrial foundation.

SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY AND MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

This paper first introduces a new discipline knowledge science and the role of systems science in its development. Then, after the discussion on current trend in systems science, the paper proposes a new systems methodology for knowledge management and creation. Finally, the paper discusses mathematical modeling techniques to represent and manage human knowledge that is essentially vague and context-dependent.

Is the Chinese Economy Moving in the Direction of Tertiarization?

Drawing upon output, employment, consumption and trade data, this article examtnes whether there is an economic tertiarization trend in China ＇s economy and evaluates the common factors driving current trends. It shows that the tertiarization trend is evident for the overall economy and most regions in terms of the service nominal value-added ratio and service employment and consumption. However, the tertiarization trend is not significant in terms of the service real value-added ratio, and there is even some concurrent ＂detertiarization ＂ because of the decreasing proportion of services in imports and exports. lndeed, China ＇s tertiarization trend is far behind its industrialization trend The rise in the relative prices of services explains the rising proportion of household service consumption expenditure and further illuminates why the service real value-added ratio has not grown. The main cause for the growing percentage of service employment is the lag in service labor productivity growth in interaction with the price inelasticity of service demand ＂Cost disease ＂ has appeared in service consumption.

Continuity Culture:A Key Factor for Building Resilience and Sound Recovery Capabilities

This article investigates the extent to which Jordanian service organizations seek to establish continuity culture through testing, training, and updating of their business continuity plans. A survey strategy was adopted in this research. Primary and secondary data were used.Semistructured interviews were conducted with five senior managers from five large Jordanian service organizations registered with the Amman Stock Exchange. The selection of organizations was made on the basis of simple random sampling. Interviews targeted the headquarters only in order to obtain a homogenous sample. Three out of five organizations could be regarded as crisis prepared and have better chances for recovery. The other two organizations exhibited characteristics of standard practice that only emphasizes the recovery aspect of business continuity management(BCM), while paying less attention to establishing resilient cultures and embedding BCM. The findings reveal that the ability to recover following major incidents can be improved by embedding BCM in the culture of the organization and by making BCM an enterprise-wide process. This is one of few meticulous studies that have been undertaken in the Middle East and the first in Jordan to investigate the extent to which service organizations focus on embedding BCM in the organizational culture.

Temperature and environmental degradation:an international evidence

Introduction:The effects of temperature have largely been under-examined in climate change studies.This study examines both direct and indirect effects of temperature on environmental degradation using the sample of 103 middle-income countries from 1985 to 2019.Unlike previous studies in which a single equation approach is utilized,our study considers the simultaneous equations modelling to examine the energy-growth-environment nexus incorporating temperature and corruption.The difference and system generalized method of moments estimations for panel data are used.Outcomes:Empirical results from this paper confirm both the direct and indirect effects(via energy consumption)of temperature on environmental degradation.We find corruption harms economic growth in middle-income countries.The continued use of fossil fuel energy in energy consumption deteriorates environmental quality.Our findings confirm the critical role of the services sector in supporting economic growth and reducing emerging consumption,leading to increased environmental quality.Conclusion:Findings from our study reconfirm the vital role of renewable energy and its extended use in achieving dual objectives of supporting economic growth and improving the environmental quality in middle-income countries.