A Collaborative Framework for Mould Design Based on Service-Oriented Architecture

Aiming at improving the traditional object-oriented three-layer architecture for collaborative design, a service-oriented framework for mould design is established by adding a Web service layer to decoupling the direct linking of user interface to functional modules,making the system being platform independent and programming language independent,greatly facilitating the reuse of existing software and hardware resources. .NET technology is adopted to implement the framework. An example scenario is introduced to demonstrate how the system works.

Describing Service-Oriented Architecture by Extended Darwin

Describing Service-Oriented Architecture （SOA） is critical in the development of Web based system, in this paper, an approach for describing SOA by extended Darwin is proposed. The requirements for describing SOA, which are different from that of ordinary architecture, are highlighted firstly, and then a solution for extending Darwin is presented. Using the extended Darwin, service components and connectors can be described explicit by the extended construct, as well as precise operational semantics of SOA by the π-calculus. Finally an example of supply-chain management system is given for manifesting the effect of the extended Darwin.

A Service-Oriented Architecture of Cyber-Physical System and Study on Two Key Issues

As the basis of designing and implementing a cyber-physical system (CPS), architecture research is very important but still at preliminary stage. Since CPS includes physical components, time and space constraints seriously challenge architecture study. In this paper, a service-oriented architecture of CPS was presented. Further, a two-way time synchronization algorithm for CPS service composition was put forward. And a formal method, for judging if actual CPS service meets space constraints, was suggested, which was based on space-π-calculus proposed. Finally, a case study was performed and CPS business process designed by the model and the proposed methods could run well. The application of research conclusion implies that it has rationality and feasibility.

Privacy Protection Framework with Defined Policies for Service-Oriented Architecture

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a computer systems design concept which aims to achieve reusability and integration in a distributed environment through the use of autonomous, loosely coupled, interoperable abstractions known as services. In order to interoperate, communication between services is very important due to their autonomous nature. This communication provides services with their functional strengths, but also creates the opportunity for the loss of privacy. In this paper, a Privacy Protection Framework for Service-Oriented Architecture (PPFSOA) is described. In this framework, a Privacy Service (PS) is used in combination with privacy policies to create privacy contracts that outline what can and cannot be done with a consumer’s personally identifiable information (PII). The privacy policy consists of one-to-many privacy rules, with each rule created from a set of six privacy elements: collector, what, purpose, retention, recipient and trust. The PS acts as an intermediary between the service consumer and service provider, to establish an unbiased contract before the two parties begin sending PII. It is shown how many Privacy Services work together to form the privacy protection framework. An examination of what current approaches to protecting privacy in an SOA environment is also presented. Finally, the operations the PS must perform in order to fulfill its tasks are outlined.

Theory and Application of Multi-robot Service-oriented Architecture

In order to solve the problem of heterogeneity in multi-robot cooperation, a new service-oriented architecture is proposed for multi-robot cooperation. Service provision and energy consumption are the basic cooperative behaviors. A set of basic concepts of robot service are proposed. A layered multi-robot service-oriented architecture is designed. Finally, the experiments illustrate the superiority of the proposed architecture which makes robot's underlying functional components be transparently encapsulated and the services in upper layer be transparently invoked, which will effectively avoid the impact of heterogeneous characteristics in multi-robot cooperation and facilitate the system construction, expansion, restructuring and maintenance.

PESOI: Process Embedded Service-Oriented Architecture

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has drawn significant attention recently, and numerous architecture approaches have been proposed to represent SOA-based applications. The architecture of SOA-based applications is different from traditional software architecture, which is mainly static. The architecture of an SOA-based application is dynamic, i.e., the application can be composed at runtime using existing services, and thus the architecture is really determined at runtime, instead of design time. SOA applications have provided a new direction for software architecture study, where the architecture can be dynamically changed at runtime to meet the new application requirements. This paper proposes a Process-Embedded Service-Oriented Infrastructure to build SOA-based applications. This infrastructure embeds the entire software lifecycle management and service-oriented system engineering into the application developed on this infrastructure. Thus, the users can easily re-develop the applications during operation to meet the changing environments and requirements, through the supports provided by the embedded infrastructure.

The GEON service-oriented architecture for Earth Science applications

The Geosciences Network(GEON)project has been developing cyberinfrastructure for data sharing in the Earth Science community based on a serviceoriented architecture.The layered architecture consists of Core,Middleware,and Applications services.Core services provide system-level functions(e.g.user authentication),Middleware services provide generic capabilities(e.g.catalog search),and Application services provide functions that users directly interact with,including applications that are specific to Earth Sciences.The GEON‘service stack’includes a standardized set of these services and the corresponding software modules.The GEON Portal provides Web-based access to these services via a set of portlets.This service-oriented approach has enabled GEON to expand to new partner sites and leverage GEON services for other projects.To facilitate interoperation in a distributed geoinformatics environment,GEON is focusing on standards for distributed search across federated catalogs.

Towards a Service-Oriented Architecture for a Mobile Assistive System with Real-time Environmental Sensing

With the growing aging population, age-related diseases have increased considerably over the years.In response to these, Ambient Assistive Living（AAL） systems are being developed and are continually evolving to enrich and support independent living. While most researchers investigate robust Activity Recognition（AR）techniques, this paper focuses on some of the architectural challenges of the AAL systems. This work proposes a system architecture that fuses varying software design patterns and integrates readily available hardware devices to create Wireless Sensor Networks（WSNs） for real-time applications. The system architecture brings together the Service-Oriented Architecture（SOA）, semantic web technologies, and other methods to address some of the shortcomings of the preceding system implementations using off-the-shelf and open source components. In order to validate the proposed architecture, a prototype is developed and tested positively to recognize basic user activities in real time. The system provides a base that can be further extended in many areas of AAL systems,including composite AR.

A taxonomic framework for autonomous service management in Service-Oriented Architecture

Since Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) reveals the black box nature of services,heterogeneity,service dynamism,and service evolvability,managing services is known to be a challenging problem.Autonomic computing (AC) is a way of designing systems that can manage themselves without direct human intervention.Hence,applying the key disciplines of AC to service management is appealing.A key task of service management is to identify probable causes for symptoms detected and to devise actuation methods that can remedy the causes.In SOA,there are a number of target elements for service remedies,and there can be a number of causes associated with each target element.However,there is not yet a comprehensive taxonomy of causes that is widely accepted.The lack of cause taxonomy results in the limited possibility of remedying the problems in an autonomic way.In this paper,we first present a meta-model,extract all target elements for service fault management,and present a computing model for autonomously managing service faults.Then we define fault taxonomy for each target element and inter-relationships among the elements.Finally,we show prototype implementation using cause taxonomy and conduct experiments with the prototype for validating its applicability and effectiveness.

Air-Ground Collaborative Mobile Edge Computing:Architecture,Challenges,and Opportunities

By pushing computation,cache,and network control to the edge,mobile edge computing(MEC)is expected to play a leading role in fifth generation(5G)and future sixth generation(6G).Nevertheless,facing ubiquitous fast-growing computational demands,it is impossible for a single MEC paradigm to effectively support high-quality intelligent services at end user equipments(UEs).To address this issue,we propose an air-ground collaborative MEC(AGCMEC)architecture in this article.The proposed AGCMEC integrates all potentially available MEC servers within air and ground in the envisioned 6G,by a variety of collaborative ways to provide computation services at their best for UEs.Firstly,we introduce the AGC-MEC architecture and elaborate three typical use cases.Then,we discuss four main challenges in the AGC-MEC as well as their potential solutions.Next,we conduct a case study of collaborative service placement for AGC-MEC to validate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative service placement strategy.Finally,we highlight several potential research directions of the AGC-MEC.

Timing effect of high temperature exposure on the plasticity of internode and plant architecture in maize

The occurrence of high temperature(HT)in crop production is becoming more frequent and unpredictable with global warming,severely threatening food security.The state of an organ’s growth and development is largely determined by the temperature conditions it is exposed to over time.Maize is the main cereal crop,and its stem growth and plant architecture are closely related to lodging resistance,and especially sensitive to temperature.However,systematic research on the timing effect of HT on the sequentially developing internode and stem is currently lacking.To identify the timing effect of HT on the morphology and plasticity of the stem in maize,two hybrids(Zhengdan 958(ZD958),Xianyu 335(XY335))characterized by distinct morphological traits in the stem were exposed to a 7-day HT treatment from the V6 to V17 stages(Vn presents the vegetative stage with n leaves fully expanded)in 2019-2020.The results demonstrated that exposure to HT during V6-V12 accelerated the rapid elongation of stems.For instance,HT occurring at V7 and V12 specifically promoted the lengths and weights of the 3rd-5th and 9th-11th internodes,respectively.Meanwhile,HT slowed the growth of internodes adjacent to the promoted internodes.Interestingly,compared with control,the plant height was significantly increased soon after HT treatment,but the promotion effect became narrower at the subsequent flowering stage,demonstrating a self-adjusting mechanism in the maize plant in response to HT.Importantly,HT altered the plant architectures,including a rising of the ear position and increase in the ear position coefficient.XY335 exhibited greater sensitivity in stem development than ZD958 under HT treatment.These findings improve our systematic understanding of the plasticity of internode and plant architecture in response to the timing of HT exposure.

A 48-bp deletion upstream of LIGULELESS 1 alters rice panicle architecture

Panicle architecture is an agronomic determinant of crop yield and a target for cereal crop improvement.To investigate its molecular mechanisms in rice,we performed map-based cloning and characterization of OPEN PANICLE 1(OP1),a gain-of-function allele of LIGULELESS 1(LG1),controlling the spread-panicle phenotype.This allele results from a 48-bp deletion in the LG1 upstream region and promotes pulvinus development at the base of the primary branch.Increased OP1 expression and altered panicle phenotype in chimeric transgenic plants and upstream-region knockout mutants indicated that the deletion regulates spread-panicle architecture in the mutant spread panicle 1(sp1).Knocking out BRASSINOSTEROID UPREGULATED1(BU1)gene in the background of OP1 complementary plants resulted in compact panicles,suggesting OP1 may regulate inflorescence architecture via the brassinosteroid signaling pathway.We regard that manipulating the upstream regulatory region of OP1 or genes involved in BR signal pathway could be an efficient way to improve rice inflorescence architecture.

Enhancing MXene-based supercapacitors:Role of synthesis and 3D architectures

MXene has been the limelight for studies on electrode active materials,aiming at developing supercapacitors with boosted energy density to meet the emerging influx of wearable and portable electronic devices.Despite its various desirable properties including intrinsic flexibility,high specific surface area,excellent metallic conductivity and unique abundance of surface functionalities,its full potential for electrochemical performance is hindered by the notorious restacking phenomenon of MXene nanosheets.Ascribed to its two-dimensional(2D)nature and surface functional groups,inevitable Van der Waals interactions drive the agglomeration of nanosheets,ultimately reducing the exposure of electrochemically active sites to the electrolyte,as well as severely lengthening electrolyte ion transport pathways.As a result,energy and power density deteriorate,limiting the application versatility of MXene-based supercapacitors.Constructing 3D architectures using 2D nanosheets presents as a straightforward yet ingenious approach to mitigate the fatal flaws of MXene.However,the sheer number of distinct methodologies reported,thus far,calls for a systematic review that unravels the rationale behind such 3D MXene structural designs.Herein,this review aims to serve this purpose while also scrutinizing the structure–property relationship to correlate such structural modifications to their ensuing electrochemical performance enhancements.Besides,the physicochemical properties of MXene play fundamental roles in determining the effective charge storage capabilities of 3D MXene-based electrodes.This largely depends on different MXene synthesis techniques and synthesis condition variations,hence,elucidated in this review as well.Lastly,the challenges and perspectives for achieving viable commercialization of MXene-based supercapacitor electrodes are highlighted.

Sedimentary architecture of submarine channel-lobe systems under different seafloor topography:Insights from the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa

Seafloor topography plays an important role in the evolution of submarine lobes.However,it is still not so clear how the shape of slope affects the three-dimensional(3-D)architecture of submarine lobes.In this study,we analyze the effect of topography factors on different hierarchical lobe architectures that formed during Pliocene to Quaternary in the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa.We characterize the shape,size and growth pattern of different hierarchical lobe architectures using 3-D seismic data.We find that the relief of the topographic slope determines the location of preferential deposition of lobe complexes and single lobes.When the topography is irregular and presents topographic lows,lobe complexes first infill these depressions.Single lobes are deposited preferentially at positions with higher longitudinal(i.e.across-slope)slope gradients.As the longitudinal slope becomes higher,the aspect ratio of the single lobes increases.Lateral(i.e.along-slope)topography does not seem to have a strong influence on the shape of single lobe,but it seems to affect the overlap of single lobes.When the lateral slope gradient is relatively high,the single lobes tend to have a larger overlap surface.Furthermore,as the average of lateral slope and longitudinal slope gets greater,the width/thickness ratio of the single lobe is smaller,i.e.sediments tend to accumulate vertically.The results demonstrate that the shape of slopes more comprehensively influences the 3-D architecture of lobes in natural deep-sea systems than previously other lobe deposits and analogue experiments,which helps us better understand the development and evolution of the distal parts of turbidite systems.

Evolutionary Neural Architecture Search and Its Applications in Healthcare

Most of the neural network architectures are based on human experience,which requires a long and tedious trial-and-error process.Neural architecture search(NAS)attempts to detect effective architectures without human intervention.Evolutionary algorithms(EAs)for NAS can find better solutions than human-designed architectures by exploring a large search space for possible architectures.Using multiobjective EAs for NAS,optimal neural architectures that meet various performance criteria can be explored and discovered efficiently.Furthermore,hardware-accelerated NAS methods can improve the efficiency of the NAS.While existing reviews have mainly focused on different strategies to complete NAS,a few studies have explored the use of EAs for NAS.In this paper,we summarize and explore the use of EAs for NAS,as well as large-scale multiobjective optimization strategies and hardware-accelerated NAS methods.NAS performs well in healthcare applications,such as medical image analysis,classification of disease diagnosis,and health monitoring.EAs for NAS can automate the search process and optimize multiple objectives simultaneously in a given healthcare task.Deep neural network has been successfully used in healthcare,but it lacks interpretability.Medical data is highly sensitive,and privacy leaks are frequently reported in the healthcare industry.To solve these problems,in healthcare,we propose an interpretable neuroevolution framework based on federated learning to address search efficiency and privacy protection.Moreover,we also point out future research directions for evolutionary NAS.Overall,for researchers who want to use EAs to optimize NNs in healthcare,we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of doing so to provide detailed guidance,and propose an interpretable privacy-preserving framework for healthcare applications.

Enhanced Differentiable Architecture Search Based on Asymptotic Regularization

In differentiable search architecture search methods,a more efficient search space design can significantly improve the performance of the searched architecture,thus requiring people to carefully define the search space with different complexity according to various operations.Meanwhile rationalizing the search strategies to explore the well-defined search space will further improve the speed and efficiency of architecture search.With this in mind,we propose a faster and more efficient differentiable architecture search method,AllegroNAS.Firstly,we introduce a more efficient search space enriched by the introduction of two redefined convolution modules.Secondly,we utilize a more efficient architectural parameter regularization method,mitigating the overfitting problem during the search process and reducing the error brought about by gradient approximation.Meanwhile,we introduce a natural exponential cosine annealing method to make the learning rate of the neural network training process more suitable for the search procedure.Moreover,group convolution and data augmentation are employed to reduce the computational cost.Finally,through extensive experiments on several public datasets,we demonstrate that our method can more swiftly search for better-performing neural network architectures in a more efficient search space,thus validating the effectiveness of our approach.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Landscape Architecture Industry

With wide application prospects in landscape industry,artificial intelligence technology plays an important role in improving work efficiency,optimizing design,strengthening construction management,and achieving intelligent maintenance.With the continuous development of technology,the application of artificial intelligence in landscape architecture industry will become more in-depth and extensive,which can provid powerful support for the innovation and development of the industry.It is hoped that the modernization process of the landscape industry can be promoted through the analysis on the application and difficulties of artificial intelligence technology in the landscape industry.

Audio-Text Multimodal Speech Recognition via Dual-Tower Architecture for Mandarin Air Traffic Control Communications

In air traffic control communications (ATCC), misunderstandings between pilots and controllers could result in fatal aviation accidents. Fortunately, advanced automatic speech recognition technology has emerged as a promising means of preventing miscommunications and enhancing aviation safety. However, most existing speech recognition methods merely incorporate external language models on the decoder side, leading to insufficient semantic alignment between speech and text modalities during the encoding phase. Furthermore, it is challenging to model acoustic context dependencies over long distances due to the longer speech sequences than text, especially for the extended ATCC data. To address these issues, we propose a speech-text multimodal dual-tower architecture for speech recognition. It employs cross-modal interactions to achieve close semantic alignment during the encoding stage and strengthen its capabilities in modeling auditory long-distance context dependencies. In addition, a two-stage training strategy is elaborately devised to derive semantics-aware acoustic representations effectively. The first stage focuses on pre-training the speech-text multimodal encoding module to enhance inter-modal semantic alignment and aural long-distance context dependencies. The second stage fine-tunes the entire network to bridge the input modality variation gap between the training and inference phases and boost generalization performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed speech-text multimodal speech recognition method on the ATCC and AISHELL-1 datasets. It reduces the character error rate to 6.54% and 8.73%, respectively, and exhibits substantial performance gains of 28.76% and 23.82% compared with the best baseline model. The case studies indicate that the obtained semantics-aware acoustic representations aid in accurately recognizing terms with similar pronunciations but distinctive semantics. The research provides a novel modeling paradigm for semantics-aware speech recognition in air traffic control communications, which could contribute to the advancement of intelligent and efficient aviation safety management.

Multilevel carbon architecture of subnanoscopic silicon for fast‐charging high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries

Silicon(Si)is widely used as a lithium‐ion‐battery anode owing to its high capacity and abundant crustal reserves.However,large volume change upon cycling and poor conductivity of Si cause rapid capacity decay and poor fast‐charging capability limiting its commercial applications.Here,we propose a multilevel carbon architecture with vertical graphene sheets(VGSs)grown on surfaces of subnanoscopically and homogeneously dispersed Si–C composite nanospheres,which are subsequently embedded into a carbon matrix(C/VGSs@Si–C).Subnanoscopic C in the Si–C nanospheres,VGSs,and carbon matrix form a three‐dimensional conductive and robust network,which significantly improves the conductivity and suppresses the volume expansion of Si,thereby boosting charge transport and improving electrode stability.The VGSs with vast exposed edges considerably increase the contact area with the carbon matrix and supply directional transport channels through the entire material,which boosts charge transport.The carbon matrix encapsulates VGSs@Si–C to decrease the specific surface area and increase tap density,thus yielding high first Coulombic efficiency and electrode compaction density.Consequently,C/VGSs@Si–C delivers excellent Li‐ion storage performances under industrial electrode conditions.In particular,the full cells show high energy densities of 603.5 Wh kg^(−1)and 1685.5 Wh L^(−1)at 0.1 C and maintain 80.7%of the energy density at 3 C.

One and Half Centuries of Church Architecture in Ibadan,Nigeria

By the end of the 19th century,the missionaries had successfully planted Christianity in Ibadan,Nigeria with its distinguishable architecture.The history of church architecture in Ibadan is synonymous with the beginning of Christianity in Yoruba Country.Based on historical data obtained from the archives and field investigations,the paper traces the development of the church buildings of the missionary churches in Ibadan from the late 19th century to early 21st century.With shifts in the thinking about ideological and liturgical issues in church architecture globally,three distinct phases of development of church buildings in Ibadan are suggested beginning with the mission stations and ending with the modernist church buildings.The paper concludes that attempts to introduce modern architectural expressions in church buildings in Ibadan were increasingly common and strong but traditionalist and historicist approaches to architectural planning of church buildings remained predominant into the 21st century.