Integration of network pharmacology and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells experimental research to reveal the molecular mechanisms for Hai Honghua medicinal liquor against osteoporosis

Background:Hai Honghua medicinal liquor(HHML)formula has been used in clinical practice for a long time,mainly for the treatment of freshly closed fractures,to promote osteogenesis,to increase bone mass,and thus to promote fracture healing.However,the underlying mechanisms of HHML in the treatment of osteoporosis(OP)are still unclear.Methods:Firstly,Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine were used to screen the targets of the active compounds of HHML.At the same time,OP targets were identified through GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DisGeNET,Therapeutic Target Database,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Human Phenotype Ontology databases.Next,protein-protein interaction and pathway networks were constructed for compound-disease common targets,and core targets and compounds were screened for molecular docking.Furthermore,rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were extracted as model cells,and the osteogenic effects of HHML were verified via in vitro experiments.Results:Total of 343 common targets of HHML-OP and the top 10 target proteins in the protein-protein interaction network are TP53,AKT1,STAT3,HSP90AA1,ESR1,TNF,IL6,MAPK1,MAPK3 and MAPK8.Enrichment analysis yielded that the key molecular pathway was the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking analysis showed that baicalein,erysodienone and naringenin docked with the target proteins AKT1,STAT3 and TP53,respectively,with low binding energy and high affinity.In addition,In vitro experiments demonstrated that HHML promoted the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;compared with the control group,HHML-treated cells showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining,promoted the expression of OCN,RUNX2,BSP,and COL1 mRNAs as well as the expression of PI3K and AKT phosphorylated proteins.Secondly,the expression of target proteins revealed that HHML promoted the phosphorylation of STAT3 protein and inhibited the expression of P53.Conclusions:Our study investigated that HHML treatment with OP promotes bone formation possibly through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and may involve STAT3 and TP53 target interactions.

The mechanistic study on Wa medicine Niang-Mu-Liang medicinal liquor mitigating diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction in rats by inhibiting ferroptosis

Background:This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Wa medicine Niang-Mu-Liang medicinal liquor(NML)on rats with diabetes mellitus erectile dysfunction(DMED)and its impact on the ferroptosis signaling pathway.Methods:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups:Control,DMED,and NML.After establishing the DMED model,treatments were administered for 8 weeks.After the administration,apomorphine hydrochloride tests were conducted to measure the mass and organ index of testes and epididymides,sperm concentration and viability in each group.Penile corpus cavernosum tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in the penile corpus cavernosum tissues were determined using biochemical kits and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,while the expression of proteins related to the ferroptosis signaling pathway was measured by Western blot.Results:Compared to the DMED group,the DMED rats treated with NML showed significantly increased erection frequency,testicular and epididymal mass and index,sperm count and viability,along with noticeable improvement in the pathological morphology of penile corpus cavernosum.The content of nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate,and the expression of ferritin heavy chain,ferritin light chain,and glutathione peroxidase 4 proteins in penile corpus cavernosum tissue were elevated,while the expression of transferrin and STEAP3 proteins was reduced.Conclusion:NML can improve erectile function in DMED rats by inhibiting the ferroptosis signaling pathway.

Relationship between Al(OH)_3 solubility and particle size in synthetic Bayer liquors

Surface tension of sodium aluminate solution and the contact angle between Al（OH）3 particles and aluminate solution were measured, then the dependence of Al（OH）3 solubility on its particle size was calculated and thus the variation of the critical nucleus sizes was determined based on the Ostwald ripening formula. The results show that the Al（OH）3 solubility in sodium aluminate solution decreases with the increment of particle size, and the critical nucleus sizes increase with the rise of alkali concentration, caustic ratio and precipitation temperature. The results also imply that the presence of small particles in seeded precipitation system is an important factor to limit the depth of precipitation.

Comparison of Algorithms for an Electronic Nose in Identifying Liquors

When the electronic nose is used to identify different varieties of distilled liquors, the pattern recognition algorithm is chosen on the basis of the experience, which lacks the guiding principle. In this research, the different brands of distilled spirits were identified using the pattern recognition algorithms （principal component analysis and the artificial neural network）. The recognition rates of different algorithms were compared. The recognition rate of the Back Propagation Neural Network （BPNN） is the highest. Owing to the slow convergence speed of the BPNN, it tends easily to get into a local minimum. A chaotic BPNN was tried in order to overcome the disadvantage of the BPNN. The convergence speed of the chaotic BPNN is 75.5 times faster than that of the BPNN.

Solvent extraction of V(Ⅴ) and Cr(Ⅲ) from acidic leach liquors of ilmenite using Aliquat 336

Extraction of V（V） and Cr（III） from acidic sulfate leach liquors of ilmenite using 0.4 mol/L Aliquat 336 chloride in kerosene was carried out. Different parameters affecting the extraction process such as equilibrium time, sulfate concentration, Aliquat 336 concentration, equilibrium p H and the extraction temperature were investigated. Extraction of V（V） and Cr（III） by Aliquat 336 involved anion exchange mechanism, and the extracted species are [（VO2SO4）R4N]org at low equilibrium p H for V（V） and [R4N-Cr（OH）4]org at high equilibrium p H for Cr（III）. Calculated thermodynamic parameters show that the extraction process is endothermic reaction for V（V） and exothermic for Cr（III）. Also, calculated values of ？Gex and ？Sex indicate that the extraction reactions of V（V） and Cr（III） proceed as non-spontaneous reaction is more random. V（V） and Cr（III） were stripped, precipitated, separated and calcined at 500 °C for 2.0 h to produce the corresponding oxide in pure form after rinsing and drying.

Synthesis of Fe_3O_4 Magnetic Powder from Spent Pickling Liquors

Spent pickling liquors pose a serious environmental problem in most industrialized countries, mainly owing to their corrosive properties and their ferrous iron and hydrochloric acid content. In this paper, spent pickling liquor was used as an inexpensive raw material to prepare Fe304 magnetic powder via an oxidation method. Being able to recover the dissolved iron from spent pickling liquors would not only salvage a valuable material but also render the effluent environmentally benign. The structure of the Fe_3O_4 magnetic powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The morphology and size were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Their magnetic properties were tested at room temperature by a vibrating sample magnetometer. In addition, the saturation magnetization of Fe_3 O_4 products can be further enhanced to 96.1 emu/g after purification.

Organic acids and inorganic anions in Bayer liquors by ion chromatography after solid-phase extraction

A method for the simultaneous separation and determination of organic acids and inorganic anions in Bayer liquors was developed by gradient ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. Formate, acetate, propionate, oxalate, succinate, glutarate, fluoride, chloride and sulfate were separated and determined in 33 min. The samples were pretreated with solid-phase extraction, which has high selectivity for removing a large number of metallic ions in the Bayer liquors, and filtered with a 0.45 μm filter membrane before being injected into the ion chromatographic system. The separation of six organic acids and three inorganic anions was achieved on an IonPac AS11-HC column with KOH as the eluent, and the detection was performed by a conductivity detection mode. No interference is found in the presence of fluorate, chlorate and sulphate when organic acids are determined. The calibration graphs of peak area for all the analytes are linear over a wide range. The relative standard derivation of the peak area of analytes is less than 2.14%. Under optimum conditions the detection ranges from 0.2 to 100.0 mg/L. The average recoveries of the added standards are between 94.3% and 102.8%.

BAYER LIQUORS IN ALUMINA REFINERIES STUDIED BY FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

The assignments of the absorption peaks in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectra of the Bayer liquors were established in this study, which provided the basis for the study of Bayer liquors by FTIR techniques. The FTIR study of the Bayer liquors from two alumina refineries indicated that both liquors contained carbonate, humate and A1(OH); ions. The existence of sulphate ions in one of the liquors was also discovered.

Synthesis and characterization of Co_3O_4 prepared from atmospheric pressure acid leach liquors of nickel laterite ores

A chemical precipitation-thermal decomposition method was developed to synthesize Co3O4 nanoparticles using cobalt liquor obtained from the atmospheric pressure acid leaching process of nickel laterite ores. The effects of the precursor reaction temperature, the concentration of Co2＋, and the calcination temperature on the specific surface area, morphology, and the electrochemical behavior of the ob- tained Co304 particles were investigated. The precursor basic cobaltous carbonate and cobaltosic oxide products were characterized and ana- lyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the specific surface area of the Co3O4particles with a diameter of 30 rim, which were obtained under the optimum conditions of a precursor reaction temperature of 30℃, 0.25 mol/L Co2＋, and a calcination temperature of 350℃, was 48.89 m2/g. Electrodes fabricated using Co3O4 nanoparticles exhibited good electrochemical properties, with a specific capacitance of 216.3 F/g at a scan rate of 100 mV/s.

Characterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

Black liquor is obtained as a by-product of the pulping process,which is used to convert biomass into pulp by removing lignin,hemicelluloses and other extractives from wood to free cellulose fibers.Lignin represents a major constituent in black liquor,with quantities varying from 20%to 30%,of which a very low share is used for manufacturing value-added products,while the rest is mainly burned for energy purposes,thus underestimating its great potential as a raw material.Therefore,it is essential to establish new isolation and extraction methods to increase lignin valorization in the development of bio-based chemicals.The aim of this research work was to determine the effect of KOH or ethanol concentration as an isolation agent on lignin yields and the chemical characteristics of lignin isolated from formacell black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB).Isolation of lignin was carried out using KOH with various concentrations ranging from 5%to 15%(w/v).Ethanol was also used to precipitate lignin from black liquor at concentrations varying from 5%to 30%(v/v).The results obtained showed that the addition of KOH solution at 12.5%and 15%concentrations resulted in better lignin yield and chemical properties of lignin,i.e.,pH values of 3.86 and 4.27,lignin yield of 12.78%and 14.95%,methoxyl content of 11.33%and 10.13%,and lignin equivalent weights of 476.25 and 427.03,respectively.Due to its phenolic structure and rich functional groups that are favorable for modifications,lignin has the potential to be used as a green additive in the development of advanced biocomposite products in various applications to replace current fossil fuel-based material,ranging from fillers,fire retardants,formaldehyde scavengers,carbon fibers,aerogels,and wood adhesives.

Research of the molecular mechanism of Hai Honghua medicinal liquor in the treatment of fracture based on network pharmacology combined with molecular docking

Background:Hai Honghua medicinal liquor(HHML),a famous hospital formula composed of 19 traditional Chinese medicines,has been successfully applied in treating soft tissue injury,fresh closed fracture,limb dysfunction after fracture healing,shoulder,neck and leg pain,knee joint pain and other clinical multiple diseases for 30 years in clinical.However,research on the material basis of HHML for the treatment of fracture healing-related disorders is still in a gap.Therefore,it is particularly important to explore the active ingredients,core targets and potential pharmacological mechanisms of HHML to promote fracture healing.Methods:We screened the core active components of each traditional Chinese medicine in formula and its action targets through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine database.The fracture related targets were retrieved from several different public databases,including GeneCards,Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man,DisGeNET and Therapeutic Target Database.Bioinformatics analysis to obtain key bioactive components,underlying targets and signaling pathways,containing the Venn diagram of the intersection with components and diseases gene targets,protein–protein interaction,as well as the Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,and finally molecular docking.Results:A total of 249 bioactive ingredients of HHML and 325 HHML-fracture-related targets were screened.The network analysis revealed that quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,Licochalcone A,naringenin and 8-Isopentenyl-kaempferol may be potential candidate agents.Multiple targets are involved including TP53,MAPK3,STAT3,AKT1,MAPK1,HSP90AA1,ESR1 and PIK3CA may be closely linked targets.PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may play a significant role of HHML in treatment of fracture.What’s more,molecular docking suggested that 8-isopentenyl kaempferol,glycyrrhiza chalcone A,and naringenin bound to AKT1,PIK3CA,and ESR1,respectively,exhibiting lower energy and more stable characteristics.Conclusions:The findings indicate the potential active ingredients,target proteins and molecular mechanisms of HHML for the treatment of fractures to provide the exact idea for the next research on the mechanism of action of HHML formula for fracture treatment.

Effects of Rice Straw Steam-explosion Spent Liquor on the Growth of Cabbage Seedlings

The direct use of spent liquor from pulping and papermaking engineering,which is abundant in active organic matter,can avoid resource wastage and environmental pollution.In this study,the effects of soaking solution and filtrate from steam-exploded rice straw on seed germination and the early development of cabbage were investigated.The results have shown that soaking solution and filtrate stimulated early cabbage growth at low concentrations.Optimal germination potential and the rate of soaking solution-treated cabbage seeds increased by 8%and 5%,respectively;meanwhile,that of the filtrate-treated cabbage seeds increased by 11%and 5%,respectively.Promotion of root growth by steam-exploded rice straw spent liquor was expressed in lateral root multiplication.The fresh weight of cabbage seedlings treated with the soaking solution/filtrate increased by more than 50%and the dry weight over 20%.Comparatively,the stimulation of filtrate on seed germination and early development of cabbage is superior to that of the soaking solution.Steam-exploded rice straw spent liquor is rich in bioactive lignin and oligosaccharides,which makes it a promising biostimulant for promoting crop growth.

基于智能感官和气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析贮藏年限对酱香型白酒的影响

该研究以采集自河北省邯郸市永不分梨酒业股份有限公司的第四轮次基酒为主要研究对象,基于智能感官和气相色谱-离子迁移谱(gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry,GC-IMS)技术,探究了储藏年限对酱香型白酒感官品质和风味特征的影响。结果表明,不同贮藏年限酱香型白酒中酸酯总量和总酯含量分别在74.16~85.40 mmol/L和2.89~3.64 g/L,且随着白酒贮藏年限的增加,酒体中酸酯总量、总酯含量、鲜味、有机硫化物和萜类物质含量呈明显下降趋势,而酒体的明亮度、酸味和芳香类物质含量则明显升高。通过GC-IMS共定性了49种挥发性化合物,可以有效区分不同储藏年限酱香型白酒。筛选出18种变量投影重要性(variable importance in the projection,VIP)值>1且P<0.05的关键差异化合物,并从中挑选出6个相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)>1的香气化合物,其中3-甲基丁酸乙酯和2-甲基丁酸乙酯在贮藏10年的酱香型白酒中ROAV显著偏高(P<0.05),且其对白酒的明亮度、酸味、苦味、涩味、咸味和芳香风味等感官品质具有积极作用。因此,贮藏10年的酱香型白酒品质更佳,该研究为酱香型白酒选择合适的贮藏时间提供了理论依据。

以梦为马,诗“酒”趁年华

酒,乃天地之精华,文化之载体,品一杯佳酿,如同品一段历史,品一份人生。白酒在各种场合中发挥着重要作用,它不仅仅是一种饮品,还寄托着人们对美好生活的向往和追求。本文采用生动形象的对话形式,通俗易懂地描述了白酒酿制的五个主要过程——选料、糖化、发酵、蒸馏和陈酿,重点介绍了其中的主要化学成分以及酿制过程中的化学反应,白酒的酿造过程体现了匠心独运的精神以及酒文化的博大精深。通过品味白酒,可以更好地感悟人生的哲理和智慧。好酒需要陈放才能更加醇香,人生也需要经历岁月的沉淀才能更加丰富多彩。

从元代“汗酒”看中国蒸馏酒起源

元代的蒸馏酒虽有“汗酒”“烧酒”“重酿酒”等汉语名称,但一度流行的“阿剌吉酒”等音译名称,使得中国蒸馏酒起源成为颇具争议的国际性学术问题。本文在系统梳理史籍所载“汗酒”及其制备用具的基础上,结合考古发现的相关资料,通过“汗酒”名称和蒸馏器具渊源的探析,认为“汗酒”之名理应源自历史典故“汗出如浆”,而制备“汗酒”的酒铛实乃釜、甑等多件套甗式蒸馏器。尤其“酒铛”与古代蒸馏器实物的相互对应,有助于重新审视中国蒸馏酒、蒸馏器的起源及演化历程。

草苁蓉急性经口毒性和遗传毒性研究

目的:通过草苁蓉(酒用原料)急性经口毒性试验和遗传毒性试验,为草苁蓉配制酒开发提供食用安全性依据。方法:选用Wistar大鼠、ICR小鼠以10.0g/kg·BW剂量进行草苁蓉急性经口毒性试验。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)设5000、1000、200、40和8μg/皿5个剂量组,另设未处理对照组、溶剂对照组和阳性对照组,试验在±S9条件下进行,每组作3个平行皿,重复1次;哺乳动物红细胞微核试验设5.34g/kg·BW、2.67g/kg·BW和1.34g/kg·BW 3个剂量组,另设空白对照组和阳性对照组;小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验设5.34g/kg·BW、2.67g/kg·BW和1.34g/kg·BW 3个剂量组,另设空白对照组和阳性对照组。结果:草苁蓉大鼠、小鼠急性经口LD50均大于10.0g/kg·BW;在±S9条件下,TA97a、TA98、TA100、TA102、TA15355个株菌株5个剂量组的回变菌落数均未超过未处理对照组的2倍;哺乳动物红细胞微核试验和小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验结果为阴性。结论:在本研究条件下,草苁蓉属实际无毒级,未见遗传毒性。

白酒外包装设计中中国传统元素的运用分析

探讨白酒外包装设计中传统元素的应用对白酒品牌价值和艺术价值的影响。通过文献分析和实地调研,了解相关传统文化元素在白酒外包装的实际应用。研究结果显示,白酒包装设计中的传统元素可以赋予产品独特的视觉冲击力和文化情感。色彩能够传达出浓郁的民族特色和品牌特色氛围;运用书法能够展示品牌的文化内涵和审美价值。同时,中国传统元素在白酒外包装设计中的应用将产生巨大影响。这不仅表现在设计创新方面,而且可以最大化品牌价值和市场竞争力。

三星堆青铜器在白酒包装中的视觉符号转译研究

目的三星堆青铜器独特的艺术形象是中国先秦文化系统中最具冲击力的视觉元素,研究三星堆青铜器视觉造型在现代设计语境下的转译路径,在巴蜀文化向当代设计转化思路上有一定的范式意义。方法通过形象特征与内涵寓意两个层面,基于三星堆青铜器视觉符号已应用在特色白酒包装上的案例,析出三星堆青铜器的文化内涵、造型特征与视觉设计之间的关联,针对符号化的当代设计表现、地域性的包装这两种设计路径进行转译,探析三星堆青铜器在白酒包装中进行视觉符号转译的具体原则与方法。结论三星堆青铜器的艺术形象兼具文化与视觉双重符号属性,其文化价值和审美理念的当代设计转化,有助于三星堆品牌文化的进一步传播与推广,对其他种类的包装及文化衍生品的设计有着直接的借鉴作用。

一种酿酒用打闷浆水及其配套设备的设计与实现

白酒酿造过程中蒸粮是重要的工艺关键控制点之一。蒸粮的好坏直接影响后续的微生物发酵,而蒸粮过程中打闷浆水又是一个重要环节。传统工艺采用人工泼打闷浆水,其无法做到准确把握用水量,而且人工泼洒不均匀,存在安全隐患,并增加了酿酒操作中的劳动量。针对上述问题,本文分析与探讨了一种酿酒用打闷浆水及其配套设备设计方案的实现。该设备主要由包括打闷浆水装置、加热装置和数控装置,加热装置与打闷浆水装置通过水管相互连通,加热装置与打闷浆水装置之间的水管上固定安装有水泵,数控装置分别与打闷浆水装置和加热装置电连接。对比分析表明,该装置结构简单、操作方便、安全性能高,可以有效提高蒸粮效率,节约蒸汽和节省劳动力,实用性较强。