New Sesquiterpene Lactones from Carpesium Lipskyi

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Two New Eremophilane Sesquiterpene Lactones from Ligularia myriocephala Ling

Two new eremophilane sesquiterpene lactones, 1β-angeloyloxy-6β, 10β-dihydroxy-8β- methoxyeremophila-7（ll）en-8α,12-olide and 1β-angeloyloxy-6β,10α-dihydroxy-8α-methoxyeremo- phila-7（ 11）en-8β, 12-olide were isolated from the extract of the whole plant of Ligularia myriocephala Ling. Their structures and stereochemistry were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods including intensive 2D-NMR techniques （COSY, gHMQC, gHMBC and ^1H-^1H NOESY） and HR-ESIMS.

Sesquiterpene Lactones from Notoscris Porphyrolepis

Two new sesquiterpcne lactones, notoserolides A and B. along with 12 known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Notoseris porphyrolepis. By means of spectral methods including MS. NMR (1H NMR. 13C NMR. DEPT. HMQC. HMBC) and X-ray diffraction. as well as chemical reactions. the structures of notoserolides A and B were established as auslricin 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and 8-O-senecioylaustricin. respectively.

Sesquiterpene Lactones from Elephantopus scaber

A new germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone, isoscabertopin, was isolated from Elephantopus scaber together with the known scabertopin. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods.

Three rare anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactones from Magnolia grandiflora

Four new sesquiterpene lactones(SLs)(1–4),along with a biosynthetically related SL(5),have been isolated from the leaves of Magnolia grandiflora.Magrandate A(1)is notable as the first C18 homogemarane type SL,featuring a unique 1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-6-one core.Compounds 2 and 3,representing the first instances of chlorine-substituted gemarane-type SL analogs in natural products,were also identified.The structures of these isolates were elucidated through a combination of spectroscopic data analysis,electronic circular dichroism calculations,and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis.All isolates demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Notably,3–5 showed a significant inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production,with IC50 values ranging from 0.79 to 4.73μmol·L^(−1).Additionally,4 and 5 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against three cancer cell lines,with IC50 values between 3.09 and 11.23μmol·L^(−1).

Anti-inflammatory germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from Vernonia sylvatica

Nine new germacranolides,sylvaticalides A−H(1-9),and three known analogues(10-12)were isolated from the aeri-al part of Vernonia sylvatica.Their structures were established using comprehensive spectroscopic analysis,including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(HR-ESI-MS)and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectra.Their absolute configurations were determined by X-ray diffraction experiments.The anti-inflammatory activities of all isolated compounds were as-sessed by evaluating their inhibitory effects on the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)pathway,which was activated by lipopolysacchar-ide(LPS)-stimulated human THP1-Dual cells,and the interferon-stimulated gene(ISG)pathway,activated by STING agonist MSA-2 in the same cell model.Compounds 1,2 and 6 showed inhibitory effects on the NF-κB and ISG signaling pathways,with IC_(50)values ranging from 4.12 to 10.57μmol·L^(−1).

Cytotoxic germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from the whole plant of Inula cappa

Phytochemical investigation on the whole plant of Inula cappa led to the isolation of two new germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones,ineupatolides D and E（1 and 2）,together with three known analogs.The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive analysis of 1Dand 2DNMR spectra,as well as MS data.Their absolute configurations were determined by CD spectra.All compounds showed moderate inhibitory effects on A431,A549,BGC-823,HL-60,HT-29,and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.1 to 36.3 μM.

Sesquiterpene lactones of Aucklandia lappa: Pharmacology,pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and structure–activity relationship

The medicinal part of Aucklandia lappa(Asteraceae) is its dried root,which is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal materials.Here we reviewed sesquiterpene lactones isolated from A.lappa over the past ten years in the following aspects of pharmacological activities,pharmacokinetics,toxicology,structure-activity relationship.Pharmacological activities consist of anti-cancer,anti-inflammatory activity,anti-immunity activity,anti-oxidant activity,antimicrobial activity,spasmolytic activity and so on.The extractive,showing similar pharmacokinetics parameters,may exert their various biological activities by the interaction of their α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety with the thiol groups of biomacromolecules through Michael-addition.However,the poor aqueous solubility,non-selective binding as a Michael acceptor at undesired targets limited clinical translation of this class.In order to evaluate the potential effect of the extractive applied in clinical trial,the present review outlines information on pharmacological activities,pharmacokinetics,toxicology,and structure-activity relationship,as well as the future research directions of the extractive for further development and utilization of A.lappa.

Britanin–a beacon of hope against gastrointestinal tumors?

Britanin is a bioactive sesquiterpene lactone known for its potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties.It also exhibits significant anti-tumor activity,suppressing tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.The current body of research on Britanin includes thirty papers predominantly related to neoplasms,the majority of which are gastrointestinal tumors that have not been summarized before.To drive academic debate,the present paper reviews the available research on Britanin in gastrointestinal tumors.It also outlines novel research directions using data not directly concerned with the digestive system,but which could be adopted in future gastrointestinal research.Britanin was found to counteract liver,colorectal,pancreatic,and gastric tumors,by regulating proliferation,apoptosis,autophagy,immune response,migration,and angiogenesis.As confirmed in pancreatic,gastric,and liver cancer,its most commonly noted molecular effects include nuclear factor kappa B and B-cell lymphoma 2 downregulation,as well as Bcl-2-associated X protein upregulation.Moreover,it has been found to induce the Akt kinase and Forkhead box O1 axis,activate the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway,elevate interleukin-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γlevels,reduce interleukin-10,as well as downregulate matrix metalloproteinase-9,Twist family bHLH transcription factor 1,and cyclooxygenase-2.It also inhibits Myc–HIF1αinteraction and programmed death ligand 1 transcription by interrupting the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and mTOR/P70S6K/4EBP1 signaling.Future research should aim to unravel the link between Britanin and acetylcholinesterase,mast cells,osteolysis,and ischemia,as compelling data have been provided by studies outside the gastrointestinal context.Since the cytotoxicity of Britanin on noncancerous cells is significantly lower than that on tumor cells,while still being effective against the latter,further in-depth studies with the use of animal models are merited.The compound exhibits pleiotropic biological activity and offers considerable promise as an anti-cancer agent,which may address the current paucity of treatment options and high mortality rate among patients with gastrointestinal tumors.

A New Sesquiterpene Lactone from Ainsliaea bonatii

A new sesquiterpene lactone, Ainsliaolide A, was isolated from Ainsliaea bonatii. Thestructure was determined on the basis of spectral data.

A New Sesquiterpene from the Roots of Lindera strychnifolia

A new sesquiterpene lactone, strychnilactone (1), together with five known sesquite- rpenoids, linderane (2), lindenenol (3), linderalactone (4), hydroxylindestenolide (5), pseudoneo- linderane (6) have been isolated from the extracts of Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lindera strychnifolia. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis. And the relative configuration of 1 was assigned on the basis of NOE analysis.

Eupatoranolide, a New Sesquiterpene Lactone from Eupatorium adenophorum

A new sesquiterpene lactone eupatoranolide was isolated from the flowers of Eupatorium adenophorum, its structure was elucidated as 2 beta-acetoxy-(7 alpha, 9 beta H)-3.6(11)-cadinadien-12(7)-olide by spectral analysis.

Sesquiterpene Lactone Glycosides from Carpesium macrocephalum

Two new sesquiterpene lactone glycosides were isolated from the seeds of Carpesium macrocephalum. Their structures were elucidated as 2-O--D-glucopyranosy-5? 11?H- eudesma-4 (15)-en-12, 8?olide and 2 ?O--D-glucopyranosy-5?H-eudesma-4 (15), 11 (13)- dien-12, 8?olide by spectral methods (HRMS, 1 D and 2 D NMR).

Three Novel Eremophilanolides from Ligularia virgaurea spp.oligocephala

From the alcoholic extract of the whole plant of Ligularia virgaurea spp. oligocephala,three novel eremophilane sesquiterpene lactones, 6α, 10α-dihydroxy-1-oxoeremophila- 7(11),8(9)-dien-8, 12-olide, 6β, 10α-dihydroxy-1-oxoeremophila-7 (11), 8 (9)-dien-8, 12-olide and10α-diydroxy-1-oxoeremophila-7(11), 8 (9)-dien-8, 12 olide were isolated. Their structure s wereelucidated by various, spectroscopic methods including intensive 2D NMR techniques (COSY,HMQC, HMBC and ~1H-~1H NOESY) and HR-MS.

Two New Eudesmanoildes from Sonchus transcaspicus

Two new sesquiterpene lactone glycosides were isolated from the whole plant of Sonchus transcaspicus. Their structures were elucidated as 1β-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-5α, 6β H-eudesma-3-en-12, 6α-olide and 1β-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-15-O-(p-hydroxylphenylacetate)-5α, 6β H-eudesma-3, 11(13)-dien-12, 6α-olide by spectral methods (HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR).

Biotransformation of 6-deoxypseudoanisatin by Synechocystis sp. PCC6803

Objective:To explore the ability of Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 in transforming 6-deoxypseudoanisatin.Methods:The experiment was performed by incubating 6-deoxypseudoanisatin with the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 under continuous white light at 30C for 5 days.The crude converted product was detected using thin-layer chromatography(TLC)and further analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)as well as HPLC with electron spray ionization mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS).Results:TLC results showed that 6-deoxypseudoanisatin was converted into a less polar product.HPLC and MS data indicated that the retention time of the converted product increased in comparison with the standard of 6-deoxypseudoanisatin.Conclusion:Thus,the study appears to demonstrate that Synechocystis sp.PCC6803 can transform 6-deoxypseudoanisatin.The polarity of the converted product is less than that of 6-deoxypseudoanisatin.

A new sesquiterpene lactone from the fruits of Illicium henryi

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the fruits of Illicium henryi. METHOD: Chromatographic separations on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 gel and MCI gel were used to isolate the compounds. The structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analyses. RESULTS: Seven compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as 10-benzoyl-cycloparvifloralone(1), cycloparvifloralone(2), 2α-hydroxycycloparviforalone(3), henrylactone B(4), merrillianone(5), henrylactone C(6) and 7, 14-ortholactone-3-hydroxyfloridanolide(7). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new sesquiterpene lactone. The tested compounds showed weak anti-HBV activities on HBV surface antigen(HBsAg) secretion and HBV e antigen(HBeAg) secretion using Hep G2.2.15 cell line.

A new sesquiterpene lactone and a new aromatic glycoside from Illicium difengpi

A new sesquiterpene lactone(1)and a new aromatic glycoside(2),together with three known compounds(3–5)were isolated from the stem bark of Illicium difengpi K.I.B et K.I.M.Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods,including 1D and 2D NMR,HRESIMS,and chemical methods.The absolute configuration of the secondary alcohol in 1 was confirmed by Mosher’s method.Compound 2 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 value of 6.72 mmol/L.

Three new polyoxygenated bergamotanes from the endophytic fungus Penicillium purpurogenum IMM 003 and their inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase

Purpurolides D–F(1–3),three new polyoxygenated bergamotanes bearing a 6/4/5/5 tetracyclic ring system,were isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium purpurogenum IMM 003.Their structures were unambiguously elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analyses,13 C NMR chemical shifts calculations coupled with the DP4+probability method,and the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectra.Compounds 1–3 showed significant inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase(PL).The result highlights that the presence of 3-hydroxylated decanoic acid moiety at C-14 is important for increasing the inhibition potency against PL.

Nanocarriers to Enhance Solubility, Bioavailability, and Efficacy of Artemisinins

The therapeutic potential of artemisinin (ART) and its derivatives (ARTs) is not limited to malaria but has been recently expanded to other infections with protozoans, trematodes, or viruses as well as to cancer. Due to their limited poor water and oil solubility, rapid degradation by the liver, and short half-life, they have a low bioavailability after oral administration. Consequently, there is a pressing necessity to formulate new ART preparations to raise its bioavailability and efficacy. Nanosized drug delivery systems represent important tools in modern medicine with wide clinical applications, because of their potential modulation of pharmacokinetic and biodistribution. This review focuses on polymer-based systems, lipid-based systems, and inorganic nanoparticles loaded with ARTs. The overall goal of this field of research is to enhance their solubility and stability to improve bioavailability at much lower doses and to increase long-term safety. In addition, the opportunity to reach highly specific site-targeted delivery by these nanocarriers confers a high medicinal value. Remarkably, most of the reported nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are biologically inactive or marginally immunogenic, generating no antigenic or pyrogenic reactions but only partial intrinsic toxicity. As clinical studies in human patients are available so far, there is a pressing need to translate preclinical results on ART-based nanosystems into clinical settings.