基于Box-Behnken响应面法与BP神经网络优化雪莲药渣化学成分提取工艺

目的 优化雪莲药渣提取工艺。方法 在测得提取液中绿原酸、芦丁和多糖含量的基础上采用层次分析法(AHP)赋权得到综合评分。以料液比、提取时间和提取次数为考察因素,以综合评分为优选指标,运用Box-Behnken响应面设计和BP神经网络优化雪莲药渣化学成分的提取工艺。结果 Box-Behnken响应面法优化的提取工艺为加9倍量水回流提取3次,每次提取42 min。选择响应面试验中的17组数据作为训练数据和验证数据,BP神经网络预测的优选的提取工艺为加6倍量水回流提取3次,每次煎煮30 min。验证试验结果表明,BP神经网络优化工艺实际综合评分高于响应面法实际综合评分,提示BP神经网络预测的优选的提取工艺更为合理。结论 BP神经网络预测的优选的提取工艺合理、稳定、可行,可为雪莲药渣的二次开发利用提供参考。

Key Technology and Complete-set Equipment for Intelligent Construction of HSR Simply-supported Girder Reinforcement Framework

In view of the problems such as backward production mode,poor quality stability,high safety risk and incomplete control system during erection of the reinforcement framework of simply-supported box girders for high-speed railway(HSR),and in combination with the key points and main challenges in the reinforcement framework construction of Guangzhou-Zhanjiang HSR,the overall technical route for the intelligent manufacturing of reinforcement framework of simply-supported box girders is put forward.The component design of reinforcement framework of simply supported box girder is carried out based on BIM,and the feasibility of the scheme is verified through segment assembly test.The assembly techniques are studied in combination with the mesh design scheme to achieve rapid forming of the reinforcement framework.R&D of automatic processing equipment for components,material transshipment equipment,automatic hoisting equipment and technological equipment for assembly clamping fixture are carried out to realize the overall design of equipment production line.An intelligent control system is developed for the whole-process intelligent construction of reinforcement framework to realize the full life-cycle applications for the workshop production and visual management including intelligent layout and quality traceability.The research results systematically optimize and innovate the assembly and forming technologies of reinforcement framework in the prefabrication beam yard of high-speed railway,realize the component processing,automatic assembly and information technology management,improve the construction quality,efficiency and information technology level of intelligent manufacturing of reinforcement framework of railway prefabricated beam as a whole,and reduce the construction cost of the project.The research has realized a major breakthrough in the construction technology of railway prefabricated box girders,which has the extensive technical and market promotion values.

Cultivation of Modern and New Farmers from the Perspective of Black Box of Science and Technology

On the basis of analyzing the connotation and function of black box of science and technology,this article expounds the necessity of cultivating modern and new farmers in China at present,and points out that with incessant progress of science and technology,the modern agriculture based on black box of science and technology will continue to grow,which requires a large number of new farmers who can learn and improve black box of agricultural science and technology.Finally,the recommendations are put forward for cultivation of new farmers:improving farmers' training system;enhancing rural financial support,so that the farmers benefit from black box of science and technology;strengthening the cultivation of the practical ability,and promoting farmers' management capacity;strengthening the cultivation of innovative ability,and nurturing innovative farmers.

Reflections on Long-Term Development and Use of Automated Scoring Technology in a Sport (Modified Boxing) Context

Technology is being increasingly used to aid judging in sport, but its employment as the primary means of scoring is rare. We have developed and implemented a fully automated scoring system in the context of a modified, low-risk form of boxing. The system, which requires contestants to wear vests and gloves incorporating sensor fabrics, has been used in multiple settings over the past five years. During that period, it has undergone progressive iteration guided by action research methodology. Here, we summarise that iteration, reflect on present status and identify possible future directions. We have found that concept of automated scoring has wide appeal, and the wearable technology is almost universally considered comfortable. Nevertheless, some issues remain to be addressed. Use of the technology requires considerable prior and subsequent commitment of time. Apparently valid contacts occasionally fail to score. Causative factors include the configuration of electrical circuitry in the vests and deterioration of that circuitry with repeated vest use and washing. Also, false positive scores are sometimes generated by vest self-shorting and effects of sweat. Many contestants adopt unorthodox styles aimed at exploiting the characteristics of the automated scoring methodology, affecting the aesthetics of the modified sport. There is an expectation that technologically-based scoring should have much greater accuracy than human judging, and should be essentially fail-proof. Disillusionment can occur in?situations where this expectation is not met. We have identified potential?solutions to all the existing issues, with some now being actively explored. Continuation of the quest seems justified by popular dissatisfaction with subjective human judging of boxing and other sports, but we have come to realise that purely technological judging can introduce unforeseen complexities. Our observations could be relevant to various sports interested in the notion of technological judging.

Application of Defense Technology Commonly Used in Boxing Match

Boxing defense technology is a kind of techniques to prevent the opponent from attacking successfully. Boxing is a kind of sports that needs close cooperation between attack and defense. Attack is used for defense, where there is no attack, there will be no defense, and vice versa. Defense technology is the foundation of attack technology, therefore, defense is of vital importance in boxing match.

Discussion on Construction and Erection Technology of Bridge Precast Box Girder

At present,the precast construction technology has been widely used,especially in the process of bridge construction,where the precast box girder construction and erection technology has attracted more attention compared to other available methods.In order to effectively improve the application effect of this technology,and the overall quality of the bridge,this paper discusses the advantage and disadvantage of implementing the precast box girder construction and erection technology in the bridge construction.

Box-Behnken响应面法优化附子的蒸制及干燥工艺

本研究旨在优选附子的蒸制及干燥工艺。以效/毒比、外观性状和水溶性浸出物的综合评价为指标,通过单因素试验结合Box-Behnken响应面法,研究蒸制时间、干燥时间和干燥温度对蒸制及干燥结果的影响,优选最佳蒸制及干燥工艺并进行验证。响应面最优工艺为:蒸制时间为4 h、干燥时间为90 min、干燥温度为105℃。优选的附子蒸制及干燥工艺稳定可靠,为陕产附子的进一步炮制研究及临床用药安全奠定基础。

Storing and Searching Metadata for Digital Broadcasting on Set-Top Box Environments

Digital broadcasting is a novel paradigm for the next generation broadcasting. Its goal is to provide not only better quality of pictures but also a variety of services that is impossible in traditional airwaves broadcasting. One of the important factors for this new broadcasting environment is the interoperability among broadcasting applications since the environment is distributed. Therefore the broadcasting metadata becomes increasingly important and one of the metadata standards for a digital broadcasting is TV-Anytime metadata. TV-Anytime metadata is defined using XML schema, so its instances are XML data. In order to fulfill interoperability, a standard query language is also required and XQuery is a natural choice. There are some researches for dealing with broadcasting metadata. In our previous study, we have proposed the method for efficiently managing the broadcasting metadata in a service provider. However, the environment of a Set-Top Box for digital broadcasting is limited such as low-cost and low-setting. Therefore there are some considerations to apply general approaches for managing the metadata into the Set-Top Box. This paper proposes a method for efficiently managing the broadcasting metadata based on the Set-Top Box and a prototype of metadata management system for evaluating our method. Our system consists of a storage engine to store the metadata and an XQuery engine to search the stored metadata and uses special index for storing and searching. Our two engines are designed independently with hardware platform therefore these engines can be used in any low-cost applications to manage broadcasting metadata.

数字家庭技术专栏(六):数字Set-Top Box技术解析

消费性电子产品(Consumer Electronics)近来比信息科技产业更引人注目，因为尽管经济景气自2001年起就逐步下滑，消费性电子产品市场仍持续地成长。今日，数字电视(DTV)已成为快速兴起的消费性电子产品之一。我们能利用它的平台功能发展家庭多媒体平台(multimedia home platform；MHP)，提供个人计算机(PC)之外，另一个能与因特网连接(Internet)的管道，让我们拥有更丰富的多媒体生活。这也意味着庞大的商机。由于DTV接收数据的方式和机上盒(STB)相似，我们可藉由研究STB的架构来了解DTV。

Analysis of Key Technologies in the Design of Small and Medium Span Basket Type Steel Box Tied Arch Bridge

In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of small and medium span basket type steel box tied arch bridge,this paper takes a practical project as an example to analyze the key technologies in its design process.It is hoped that this analysis can provide corresponding reference for the design and construction of this kind of arch bridge.

基于PCL的钢箱节段虚拟预拼装技术

针对目前工程应用中的虚拟预拼装技术存在主观性强、自动化程度低、数据处理过程较为复杂等缺点,首次提出将PCL应用于基于点云数据的钢箱节段虚拟预拼装技术。首先根据钢箱节段截面特征设计一套由面到线、由线到点的控制点提取方法;然后基于PCL中的高效点云处理算法对待拼装截面初始点云数据进行预处理、控制点提取及匹配,输出拼装误差结果;最后将虚拟预拼装技术中使用到的算法串联成群,形成一套完整的钢箱节段虚拟预拼装程序,实现从数据输入到结果输出。将提出的虚拟预拼装技术应用于某钢箱结构桥梁相邻节段,并将计算所得最大拼装误差1.22 mm与规范规定误差进行对比分析,说明基于PCL的虚拟预拼装技术可以有效完成钢箱节段的预拼装工作,具有结果准确、自动化程度高等优点;吊装有应力状态下的节段控制点竖向位移处于0.08~0.14 mm范围内,结果表明工厂扫描得到的控制点坐标可用于指导实际工程拼装。

某型复杂工程机械变速箱体复合工艺约束机加工线平衡研究

为解决机加工生产线平衡问题所包含的加工任务刀具需求、机床类型需求、加工方位约束、“紧密”型和“或”型约束等复杂条件,建立了机加工生产线平衡数学模型,并采用含多重筛选机制的粒子群算法进行了求解。首先,建立了满足此复杂实际约束条件的机加工生产线平衡问题数学模型;然后,采用粒子的位置坐标作为粒子群搜索的权重信息,进行了加工任务、集中任务的选取,并设计了多重筛选机制构造启发式任务集生成规则;采用此规则对待分配加工任务进行了多重筛选,以得到可供直接分配的加工任务集合,粒子群算法(PSO)从此集合中依次选取了加工任务,构成了完整的解,并形成了具体的任务分配方案;最后,为提高程序的实用性和可视性,设计了加工任务的甘特图生成模块,通过对某复杂工程机械变速箱体零件的实际案例研究,将简化后的任务信息代入算法进行了求解。研究结果表明:该方法实现了多组平衡率高于90%的优化结果,在节拍时间为1120 s时,得到94.66%的较高平衡率,排产方案表格内容与甘特图显示一致;算法推演结果满足设定的多种复合约束条件,通过与人工排产对比说明了该算法的有效性并具有较好的经济性、实用性;对柔性生产案例进行探讨,证明该算法运算结果具备一定的生产柔性。

防爆柴油机排气颗粒物的微观结构研究

为研究废气水洗箱和含氧燃料对防爆柴油机排气颗粒物微观结构随工况变化的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(Scananing Elecron Microscope,SEM)对0#柴油(D100)和丁醇/柴油混合燃料(BD20)的排气颗粒物的微观形貌、分形特征和粒径分布进行研究。其中,丁醇的质量分数为20%。结果显示:经过废气水洗箱后,颗粒物内吸附质含量增多,密集程度升高,在多数工况下,颗粒物支链减少,且BD20有利于减少颗粒物碳烟粒子含量;颗粒物的计盒维数分布在1.70~1.85,且经过废气水洗箱的颗粒物结构更紧密,计盒维数更大,D100的计盒维数大于BD20的计盒维数;颗粒物基础碳粒子粒径分布在10~90 nm,废气水洗箱对颗粒物有沉降作用,使颗粒物平均粒径减小,BD20的平均粒径小于D100平均粒径。

高烈度震区大跨径中承式钢箱系杆拱桥减隔震技术研究

为了研究高强度地震作用下大跨径中承式钢箱系杆拱桥地震响应及减隔震技术,以西双版纳黎明大桥为工程背景,选取类似场地的实际地震动记录作为输入地震波,采用非线性时程分析法,研究支座类型及参数变化对拱桥结构的减隔震效果。结果表明:相比于普通支座,减隔震支座能大幅降低结构内力,但纵向位移有所增加,且摩擦摆支座的减隔震效果要强于铅芯橡胶支座;摩擦摆支座+黏滞阻尼器联合抗震体系能够有效降低纵向和横向位移,进一步能提升桥梁的抗震性能;对联合抗震体系进行参数敏感性分析可知:最佳的参数范围是:摩擦因数为0.04,曲率半径在3 200~4 200 mm,阻尼系数为6 000,阻尼指数在0.2~0.4;在最优抗震体系下,结构位移和内力均显著降低,最大减震率分别达到了75.3%和82.3%,表明该体系大幅提高了拱桥抵抗地震的能力,为同类桥梁减隔震设计提供参考。

客运专线大吨位预制箱梁施工技术研究

箱梁在客运专线铁路桥梁中起着重要的承载作用。为此,研究客运专线大吨位预制箱梁施工技术,以满足越来越高的施工要求。从梁场规划与布置、预制箱梁制作、预制箱梁移运架3个方面设计客运专线大吨位预制箱梁施工工艺。结果表明:随着时间的增加,各个测点的电通量均小于1000 C,说明箱梁抗渗能力强;随着冻融循环次数的增加,弹性模量相对值均未超过施工标准且质量损失变化较小,说明箱梁的抗冻性强;随着荷载的增加,箱梁的挠度在不断增加,当加载到最终最大荷载时,挠度仍小于10 cm,说明该箱梁的抗变形能力强,满足施工标准。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化马钱子提取工艺

目的采用Box-Behnken实验设计优选马钱子生物碱的提取工艺。方法采用HPLC法测定马钱子碱及士的宁含有量,以马钱子碱及士的宁提取率的总评综合效应为指标,通过Box-Behnken试验考察液料比、提取时间、乙醇体积分数对提取工艺的影响,对结果进行二项式方程拟合,利用响应面法优化提取工艺并进行预测分析。结果最佳提取工艺为液料比14∶1,提取时间2 h,乙醇体积分数55%。验证结果表明,预测值与验证值偏差较小(<5%)。结论Box-Behnken响应面法用于优化马钱子的提取工艺是可行的,建立的数学模型和实验数据相符。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化大蒜油提取工艺

目的:优化大蒜油的提取工艺。方法:以大蒜油提取率为指标,在单因素试验基础上采用Box-Behnken响应面法对水蒸气蒸馏法提取大蒜中大蒜油的发酵时间、料液比、发酵温度等条件进行优化研究,对优化工艺进行验证试验。结果:最优提取工艺为发酵时间4.5 h、料液比1∶7、发酵温度55℃。验证试验中大蒜油平均提取率为0.32%(RSD=1.43%,n=3),实测值与预测值之间的相对误差为0.06%。结论:采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化所得大蒜油提取工艺简便、合理、可行,可为大蒜油工业化大生产提供参考。

Box-Benhnken试验设计优化五味子木脂素提取工艺

目的利用Box-Benhnken响应曲面试验设计对五味子中木脂素成分进行超声提取工艺研究。方法根据Box-Benhnken设计原理,以五味子中总木脂素得率为响应值,分析超声提取过程中各因素及其交互作用,以及对五味子总木脂素得率的影响。结果五味子中木脂素最佳超声提取条件为以纯甲醇为溶媒,液料比55 m L/g,超声提取时间35 min。在此试验条件下,五味子中木脂素得率可达5.49%。结论本实验所建立的数学模型极显著(P<0.01),可用于对五味子中木脂素超声提取工艺研究。

Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化番石榴叶总黄酮提取工艺及总黄酮对糖尿病小鼠糖耐量的影响研究

目的:优化番石榴叶总黄酮提取工艺,考察番石榴叶总黄酮对糖尿病模型小鼠糖耐量的影响。方法:在单因素试验的基础上,以提取时间、料液比、乙醇用量为自变量,金丝桃苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷和浸出物得率的综合评分为因变量,采用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化番石榴叶总黄酮回流提取工艺并进行验证试验。取60只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、二甲双胍组(170 mg/kg)和番石榴叶总黄酮低、中、高剂量组(23.41、46.81、93.62 mg/kg,以总黄酮含量计),每组10只。除空白组小鼠外,其余各组小鼠复制糖尿病模型,成模后灌胃给药,每天1次,连续21 d,末次给药6 h后,灌胃葡萄糖2.0 g/kg,于给予葡萄糖后0、0.5、1.0、2.0 h测定血糖值,计算血糖变化曲线下面积(AUC)。结果:番石榴叶总黄酮最优工艺为提取2次,每次1.0 h,料液比1∶17,乙醇体积分数56%,验证试验中金丝桃苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷含量分别为2.57、3.38、2.26 mg/g(RSD<2%,n=3),浸膏得率为25.71%(RSD<1.19%,n=3),综合评分平均值为96.41(RSD=1.34%,n=3),与预测值99.98的相对误差为3.57%。与空白组比较,各组小鼠AUC显著升高;与模型组比较,二甲双胍组和番石榴叶总黄酮中、高剂量组AUC显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:优化的提取工艺稳定可行、质量可控;番石榴叶总黄酮可促进糖尿病小鼠血糖恢复正常。

Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优选双百安神胶囊提取工艺

目的对双百安神胶囊提取工艺进行优化。方法以酸枣仁总皂苷、干膏得率为评价指标,以加醇量、乙醇浓度、提取时间为考察因素,采用Box-Behnken-效应曲面法,优选双百安神胶囊提取工艺参数。结果通过Box-Behnken设计效应面法所得模型优化提取条件为:第1次加7倍量60%乙醇,提取2 h;第2次加6倍量60%乙醇,提取1.5 h。结论采用效应面法优选的双百安神胶囊提取工艺合理可行。