Epidemio-Clinical Profile and Factors Associated with Performance Indicators of Integrated Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 6 - 59 Months Hospitalized at the Kalaban Coro Reference Health Center

Introduction: Malnutrition is an important reason for consultation in Mali’s health facilities and remains a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemioclinical profile and associated factors with performance indicators of integrated management of severe acute malnutrition in children aged 06 to 59 months. Methodology: this was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection (January 2021 to December 2022). All children hospitalized for severe acute malnutrition in the pediatric department and whose medical records were usable were included. Data collected using a standardized questionnaire was analyzed with SPSS Version 20 software. Results: A total of 534 children were included. The 12 to 23 months age group (49.1%) and the female sex (53.18%) were the most affected. Fully vaccinated children by age represented 49.4%. The predominant form of malnutrition was marasmus (77.7%). Diarrhea/vomiting (30.3%), fever (18.4%) and cough (15.5%) were the main reasons for consultations. Cure, discontinuation and death rates were 78.5%, 2.1% and 9.2%, respectively. On univariate analysis, the factors statistically associated with performance indicators (cure, drop-out, death) were gastroenteritis (P-value Conclusion: This study reveals that the frequency of severe acute malnutrition remains high at the Kalaban Coro reference health center. Better prevention of illnesses such as malaria, gastroenteritis, and respiratory infections, as well as timely referral, could help facilitate its management.

Effects of ω-3 fatty acids on toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB p56 in lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis

AIM To determine the effects of ω-3 fatty acids(ω-3FA) on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor κB p56(NF-κBp56) signal pathway in the lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS A total of 56 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, SAP-saline group, SAP-soybean oil group and SAP-ω-3FA group. SAP was induced by the retrograde infusion of sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in the lungs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the lungs were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp56 in lungs and of inflammatory cytokines in serum significantly increased in the SAP group compared with the control group(P < 0.05), but was significantly decreased in the ω-3FA group compared with the soybean oil group at 12 and 24 h(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION During the initial stage of SAP, ω-3FA can efficiently lower the inflammatory response and reduce lung injury by triggering the TLR4/NF-κBp56 signal pathway.

Genetic diversity of PfEMP1-DBL 1-α and its association with severe malaria in a hyperendemic state of India

Objective:To find out the extent of duffy-binding-like(DBL) a gene diversity and the resetting potential of the parasite population in association with severe malaria.Methods:Genotyping of DBLαdomain was done by PCR using three sets of primers(FR,F1R2 and F2R2) and the rosetting frequency was assessed by parasite culture followed by ethidium bromide staining and visualization under a fluorescent microscope.Results:The significant association of high parasite density with severe malaria and the positive correlation between rosetting frequency and parasite density in vivo(P = 0.613,P【0.0001) were observed.Moreover,the parasite strains having multiple fragments of F2R2 region and’b’variant of FR region of DBL 1-αshowed increased rosetting frequency and supported the strain specific association of disease severity. Conclusions:The findings suggest that rosetting mediated higher parasitemia might have contributed to the development of severe disease.As the rosetting domain of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1(HEMP1),the DBL a binds to multiple host receptors; the significant association of multiple fragments of F2R2 region with severe malaria suggests several receptor-ligand interactions as the possible mechanisms of pathogenesis.Alternatively, the high percentage distribution of smaller fragments with mild malaria suggests the lack of adequate rosetting epitopes that might have contributed to low rosetting frequency in mild malaria.

Effect of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on Toll-like Receptors in Patients with Severe Multiple Trauma

This study examined the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid（ω-3PUFA） on the expression of toll-like receptor 2（TLR2）,toll-like receptor 4（TLR4） and some related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs） of patients with early-stage severe multiple trauma.Thirty-two patients who were admitted to the Department of Traumatic Surgery,Tongji Hospital（Wuhan,China） between May 2010 and November 2010,and diagnosed as having severe multiple trauma with a injury severity score（ISS） no less than 16,were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups at random（n=16 in each）：ω-3PUFA group and control group in which routine parenteral nutrition supplemented with ω-3PUFA or not was administered to the patients in two groups for consecutive 7 days.Peripheral blood from these patients was collected within 2 h of admission（day 0）,and 1,3,5 and 7 days after the nutritional support.PBMCs were isolated and used for detection of the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 by using real-time PCR and flow cytometry respectively,the levels of NF-κB by quantum dots-based immunofluorescence assay,the levels of TNF-α,IL-2,IL-6 and COX-2 by ELISA,respectively.The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMCs was significantly lower in ω-3PUFA group than in control group 5 and 7 days after nutrition support（both P0.05）.The levels of TNF-α,IL-2,IL-6 and COX-2 were found to be substantially decreased in PBMCs in ω-3PUFA group as compared with control group at 5th and 7th day（P0.05 for all）.It was concluded that ω-3PUFA can remarkably decrease the expression of TLR2,TLR4 and some related inflammatory factors in NF-κB signaling pathway in PBMCs of patients with severe multiple trauma,which suggests that ω-3PUFA may suppress the excessive inflammatory response meditated by the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Regulation of ω-3 Fish Oil Emulsion on the SIRS during the Initial Stage of Severe Acute Pancreatitis

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of parenteral supplementation with ω-3 fish oil emulsion （Omegaven） on systemic inflammatory response syndrome （SIRS） during the initial stage of severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. In a prospective, randomized and controlled trial, 60 patients with SAP were randomized either to treat with conventional therapy （Con group, n=30） or conventional therapy plus intravenous supplementation with ω-3 fish oil emulsion 0.2 g/kg every day （FO group, n=30）. The effects were analyzed by the SIRS-related indexes. The results showed that APACHE-Ⅱ scores in FO group were significantly lower, and the gap increased much farther after the 4th day than those in Con group （P〈0.05）. Fluid equilibrium time became shorter markedly in FO group than in Con group （5.1±2.2 days vs 8.4±2.3 days）. In FO group, SIRS scores were markedly decreased and the SIRS state vanished after the 4th day; Plasma level of TNF-α was significantly reduced, while IL-10 decreased markedly, most prominently between the 4th and 7th day, and the ratio of IL-10/TNF-α raised as compared with Con group （P〈0.05）. During the initial stage of SAP, parenteral supplementation with ω-3 fish oil emulsion could efficiently lower the magnitude and persistence time of the SIRS, markedly retrieve the unbalance of the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, improve severe condition of illness and may provide a new way to regulate the SIRS.

Pseudogene HMGN2P46 as a microRNA sponge to regulate HMGN2 expression via competing for miR-590-3p in severe acute pancreatitis

HMGN2 have functions in inflammatory response.However,the role of HMGN2 in severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)remains unclear.Here,our study was to discuss the role and regulatory mechanism ofHMGN2 in SAP.In this study,the SAP cell model of AR42J was used to study the function and mechanism of HMGN2 in SAP.The protein expression in cells and serums were examined by western blot and ELISA assay.qPCR was used to test the transcriptional RNA level.Cell viability were examined by MTT assay.Luciferase assay was used to evaluate the interaction between gene and gene.Our results showed that HMGN2 was significantly upregulated in SAP patients.The database predicted and luciferase assay data indicated the HMGN2 was directly binding with miR-590-3p.ELISA,MTT and western blot experiments showed that the HMGN2 were promoted the cell proliferation,reduced the inflammation,and repressed the cell autophagy.Mechanism studies showed that the pseudogene HMGN2P46 level was positively correlated with HMGN2 and upregulated HMGN2 expression by competing for miR-590-3p in SAP.Taken together,all over these results showed upregulation of HMGN2 alleviates SAP,this process was regulated by HMGN2P46 competitively binding with miR-590-3p,which may provide a new insight for the treatment and intervention in SAP.Pseudogene HMGN2P46 was a miRNA sponge to regulate HMGN2 level by competing for miR-590-3p to alleviate the process of SAP.It provided a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.

A Hydrometeorological Analysis of the Severe Rainstorm of 20-22 September 1900 over the Gangetic West Bengal

A hydrometeorological study is made of the September, 1900 severe rainstorm which led up to the record rainfalls over Gangetic West Bengal with subsequent disastrous flooding in the Damodar and the Hooghly rivers. The spatial extent of the rainstorm for different durations has been examined by constructing the isohyetal patterns based on rainfall records of stations affected by the storm. Areal rainfalls for 1,2 and 3-day periods are calculated and the values have been compared with similar values from other major rainstorms of the region. The comparison revealed that the September, 1900 rainstorm was the heaviest for 1,2 and 3-day durations for all the areas. The storm contributed rainfalls of 33.0 cm, 52.0 cm and 62.0 cm over an area of 10,000 km2 in 1,2 and 3 days respectively. This rainstorm could, therefore, be considered as an important input in flood and design storm studies in the Gangetic West Bengal region. A relationship between point to areal rainfall has also been developed with a view to evaluate areal PMP estimates.

Ionic Disorders Observed in Infants with Severe Wasting at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital and the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Introduction: A higher risk of death is associated with wasting in children if it is not treated properly. The objective of this study was to investigate the ionic disorders observed in infants suffering from severe wasting at Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital (YO-TH) and at Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Teaching Hospital (CDG-PTH) in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: This was a retrospective study with a descriptive and analytical aim over the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020. Results: It concerned infants aged 6 to 24 months hospitalized at YO-TH and at CDG-PTH from Ouagadougou. We included 271 infants. The mean age of the infants was 14.48 ± 5.44 months with 42.07% which was in the age range of [12 - 18] months. On admission to the hospital, the children had an average weight, height and BMI of 6.22 ± 1.32 kg, 0.73 ± 0.07 m and 11.67 ± 1.53 kg/m2. In urban areas 56.46% of children and the main reasons for consultation were fever (88.19%), vomiting (52.80%) and diarrhea (50.20%). Electrolyte disturbances in emaciated infants affected all 8 parameters of the blood ionogram. However, the major disorders were 65.68% hyponatremia, 55.35% hypobicarbonatemia, 41.33% hypoprotidemia and 32.47% hypokalemia in infants aged 6 to 24 months. We found an association between diarrhea and residence with hypokalemia (p = 0.0000) and hypochloremia (p = 0.010), respectively. Conclusion: Severe acute wasting in infants 6 to 24 months of age remains a concern in the hospital setting. The frequency of biochemical disturbances is also high.

严重生物降解原油GC-MS特征及油源对比

图牧吉油砂位于松辽盆地边缘,搞清它的油源对于该地区的油气勘探有着十分重要的意义.气相色谱-质谱分析表明,该样品受到了严重的生物降解,部分用于对比的甾、萜烷生标标志物受到了降解,使与之有关的参数值发生了变化,给油源对比带来了困难.……

Injury severity analysis： comparison of multilevel logistic regression models and effects of collision data aggregation

This paper describes an empirical study aiming at identifying the main differences between different logistic regression models and collision data aggregation methods that are commonly applied in road safety literature for modeling collision severity. In particular, the research compares three popular multilevel logistic models （i.e., sequential binary logit models, ordered logit models, and multinomial logit models） as well as three data aggregation methods （i.e., occupant based, vehicle based, and collision based）. Six years of collision data （2001-2006） from 31 highway routes from across the province of Ontario, Canada were used for this analysis. It was found that a multilevel multinomial logit model has the best fit to the data than the other two models while the results obtained from occupant-based data are more reliable than those from vehicle- and collision-based data. More importantly, while generally consistent in terms of factors that were found to be significant between different models and data aggregation methods, the effect size of each factor differ sub- stantially, which could have significant implications forevaluating the effects of different safety-related policies and countermeasures.

The Stress of COVID-19:Playing Havoc with the Hormones-A Review

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)has affected millions of people across the world engendering an unprecedented pandemic.Coronavirus disease(COVID)-19 can present asymptomatic or in the form of the acute respiratory syndrome,viral pneumonia,or sepsis.Due to the novelty of the disease,the endocrine manifestations are not fully understood.It becomes indispensable to address the underlying endocrine disruptions contributing to the severe form of illness and thereby increasing the mortality.We discuss here the SARS-CoV-2 virus and endocrine reverberations based on the research with structurally similar SARS-COV-1.SARS-CoV-2 enters the body via its attachment to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptors.Apart from lungs,ACE2 expression on various organs can lead to endocrine perturbations.In COVID-19 infection,pre-existing endocrine disorders warrant cautious management and may require replacement therapy.COVID-19 and its repercussions on hormones are discussed extensively in this review.

CircRNA_Maml2 promotes the proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cells after severe burns by regulating the miR-93-3p/FZD7/Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Background:Circular RNA(circRNA)plays key regulatory roles in the development of many diseases.However the biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms of circRNA in the injury and repair of intestinal mucosa in mice after severe burns are yet to be elucidated.Methods:Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine(EdU),wound healing and transwell assays were used to detect cell proliferation and migration ability.Real-time quantitative PCR was used to identify the expression of circRNA,microRNA and messenger RNA.Nuclear and cytoplas-mic separation experiments were employed to perceive the location of circRNA_Maml2.Finally,in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to study the repairing effect of circRNA_Maml2 on the intestinal mucosa of mice after severe burns.Results:When compared with the control group,the expression of circRNA_Maml2 was sig-nificantly reduced in the severe burn group.Furthermore,overexpression of circRNA_Maml2 promoted the proliferation and migration of CT26.wt cells in vivo and the repair of damaged intestinal mucosa in vitro.CircRNA_Maml2 acted as a sponge adsorption molecule for miR-93-3p to enhance the expression of frizzled class receptor 7 and activate the downstream Wnt/β-catenin pathway,thereby promoting the repair of the intestinal mucosa.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that circRNA_Maml2 regulates the miR-93-3p/FZD7/Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promotes the repair of damaged intestinal mucosa.Hence,circRNA_Maml2 is a potential therapeutic target to promote intestinal mucosal repair.

Cross-sectional prevalence and pattern of non-anaemia severe malaria among 2–10 year olds in Sokoto in Northwestern Nigeria

Malaria is highly prevalent in Nigeria and accounts for approximately 40%of global malaria mortality.However,most reports on severe malaria in Nigeria are from hospital-based studies without accurate information from communities;thus,malaria-related deaths in the community are left untracked.This study aimed to describe the prevalence and pattern of severe malaria in a community in Northwestern Nigeria.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2–10-year-old children in Sokoto,in August and December 2016,to determine the endemicity of malaria based on Plasmodium falciparum prevalence rate(PfPR2-10)and to describe the disease pattern.Severe malaria was diagnosed according to the World Health Organisation criteria.Data were described using Stata version 15.The prevalence of non-anaemia severe malaria was higher than expected(2.6%),considering the endemicity pattern which was mesoendemic based on a PfPR2-10 of 34.8%.The mean age of children with severe malaria was 3.73 years,and the male—female ratio was 2:1.However,54.0%of the patients had hyperparasitaemia.A relatively high prevalence of non-anaemia severe malaria was found in Wamakko.This finding suggests the need to identify and treat cases in the community using modifications of current strategies,particularly seasonal malaria chemoprophylaxis.

新型医用防护口罩过滤材料的结构与性能

目的 :研究由超细熔喷 (MF)非织造材料为主组成的新型防护口罩过滤材料的结构特点和滤过性能。方法 :以 (1) 2 0层纱布口罩 ,(2 )单层棉水刺布口罩 ,(3) MF门诊口罩 ,(4 ) MF加强口罩 ,(5 ) MF加强口罩 为对象 ,以扫描电镜观察滤料的结构 ,以多孔材料孔径测试仪检测滤料孔径 ,钠焰法气溶胶滤料效率检测仪检测滤过效率。 结果 :MF为直径 <3μm的超细纤维 ,由其组成的过滤材料是随机三维分布、多重弯曲通道的复合结构。 MF口罩滤材对于 0 .3μm气溶胶微粒的滤过效率达 96 .2 %～ 99.5 7% ,而纱布口罩仅为 5 0 .9% ;其呼吸阻力前者为 2 6～ 4 3Pa,后者为 4 8Pa;MF口罩还具有良好的除湿性能和驻极体电介质作用 ,后者可主动捕获有害有毒颗粒。结论 :由新型 MF材料为主组成的新一代医用防护口罩过滤性能好、效率高 ,呼吸阻力低 ,是防严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)

10kV配电网多组母线TV并联运行时的消谐器安装方案研究

针对10kV配电网多组母线电压互感器(TV)并联运行时如何安装消谐器才能有效防止单相接地消失后TV烧毁和熔断器熔断的问题,利用电磁暂态分析软件ATP-EMTP建立了两组母线TV并联运行的10kV配电网模型;通过对比分析各种消谐器安装方案对TV一次侧过电流的抑制效果,得到如下合理的安装方案:当系统发生铁磁谐振时,任何一组母线TV安装消谐器都可以有效抑制谐振过电压和过电流;当系统发生低频非线性振荡时,需要每组母线TV都安装消谐器才能很好的抑制TV一次侧过电流。针对三组、四组母线TV并联运行的情况也做了相关仿真研究,亦得到上述结论。由于TV特性、系统参数、消谐措施以及系统运行方式的差异,对于具体问题需要具体分析。

基于PLC的全自动打料系统设计

针对制药过程中人工打料存在的危险系数高、预警不及时、生产效率低等问题,设计了基于S7-1500 PLC和WinCC的全自动打料系统,详细介绍了系统的软硬件配置、人机交互界面与电气控制程序。通过对某制药公司的生产工艺分析,并结合现场数据,提出了一种罐区PLC与车间分布式I/O模块互连的控制方案;基于上位机WinCC组态界面的实时检测与控制,实现了人与现场的分割,同时利用SQL Sever数据库与下位机PLC的通讯完成对数据的采集、分析。生产实践表明:该系统具有稳定性高、性价比高、生产效率高等优势,能满足多种物料同时快速打料的需求,符合制造业发展趋势。

宋诗选本中王禹偁诗的注释问题

根据古代文学作品注释要深入研究、精确选择的要求,提出王禹偁《畲田词》(其一)中的"劚孱颜"、《村行》中的"原树"、《寒食》中的"惆怅"和《春居杂兴》(其一)中的"和莺吹折数枝花"的注释问题,对其在不同选本中的注释进行比较解析,力求最能还原诗人本意。指出"劚孱颜"解释为"砍削树木","原"解释为"原野","惆怅"解释为"感伤、失意","和莺吹折数枝花"解释为"春风附和着黄莺吹折了树上的数枝花"。

“严打”的度量分析——以法律经济学为视角

严打作为我国一项阶段性的执法策略 ,虽然较有成效 ,但并不尽如人意。从司法资源的稀缺性和刑罚威慑效应出发 ,以法律经济学视角对其进行度量分析 ,以期达到理性控制的目的 ,有着重要的意义。

模拟板吹风试验结果与数值模拟结果关联规律

采用CFD方法对恶劣图谱模拟板进行模拟,通过对模拟结果和试验结果进行对比分析,总结出CFD模拟结果与吹风试验结果的关联规律。结果表明:畸变指数关联方法,适用于任何堵塞比的模拟板,可以保证周向畸变指数一致,但不能保证低压区范围相近和总压分布相似;距离关联方法既可保证周向畸变指数一致,又能保证低压区范围和总压分布相似,但只适用于堵塞比较小的情况。

腹股沟分开装置和腹股沟吹氧装置的制作及应用

目的:探讨自行设计制作的腹股沟分开装置联合腹股沟吹氧装置在重症监护室(ICU)病人失禁性皮炎中的应用效果。方法:采用随机抽样法,选取2020年3月1日—2021年6月1日入住某三级甲等医院ICU会阴部、两大腿内侧、腹股沟发生失禁性皮炎的80例病人为研究对象,按照随机数字表分成对照组和试验组,每组40例。对照组给予失禁性皮炎常规护理措施;试验组在常规护理的基础上,应用自行设计制作的腹股沟分开装置和腹股沟吹氧装置进行干预。比较两组愈合率、愈合时间、失禁相关性皮炎皮肤状况评估工具(IAD-SCAT)评分及护士工作满意度。结果:试验组愈合率高于对照组,愈合时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组第7天和第10天的IAD-SCAT评分低于对照组(P<0.05);两组护士在节约时间成本方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在提高护理工作效率、护理质量方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:联合应用腹股沟分开装置和腹股沟吹氧装置能缩短失禁性皮炎愈合时间,提高愈合率,改善治疗效果,提高护士工作满意度,操作方便、有效。