Two pregnant women who initially developed proteinuria alone followed by serious preeclampsia are presented to emphasize that there is no adequate technical term to express the period of proteinuria alone based on the...Two pregnant women who initially developed proteinuria alone followed by serious preeclampsia are presented to emphasize that there is no adequate technical term to express the period of proteinuria alone based on the current criteria of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Case 1 exhibited a urinary protein concentration of 46 mg/dL in the absence of hypertension, and abdominal pain due to placental abruption with hypertension at gestational week (GW) 29–3/7 and 29–4/7, respectively. Case 2 exhibited a urinary protein/creatinine ratio of 2.67, developed hypertension, required cesarean section, and developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome at GW 28–1/7, 29–6/7, and 32–0/7, and on postpartum day 2, respectively. As women with proteinuria alone are not diagnosed as having preeclampsia and as a diagnosis of gestational proteinuria can be made only at 12 weeks postpartum, a prospective technical term applicable to the condition of proteinuria alone is needed to increase physicians’ attention to this condition.展开更多
Objective: This study was to investigate the invasiveness of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) trophoblast cells and evaluate the effects of IGF-Ⅱand TGF-β1 on cytotrophoblast invasion.Methods: Cytotrophoblast ce...Objective: This study was to investigate the invasiveness of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) trophoblast cells and evaluate the effects of IGF-Ⅱand TGF-β1 on cytotrophoblast invasion.Methods: Cytotrophoblast cells from normal and PIH placenta were separated and purified. Cytotrophoblast invasiveness of normal and PIH placenta was measured by in vitro invasion assay. Effects of IGF-Ⅱand TGF-β1 on cytotrophoblast invasion were also studied.Results: In PIH group, cytotrophoblast invasiveness was dramatically decreased. In normal group, trophoblast invasiveness was significantly enhanced by IGF-Ⅱ but inhibited by TGF-β1. Neither IGF-Ⅱ nor TGF-β1 had statistically significant effects on PIH trophoblast invasion.Conclusions: PIH cytotrophoblast invasiveness dramatically decreases as compared to the normal level. IGF-Ⅱand TGF-β1 may play an important role in shallow trophoblast invasion on PIH.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the literature assessing foetal and maternal pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS who used metformin during pregnancy. Study Design: A literature search was conduct...Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the literature assessing foetal and maternal pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS who used metformin during pregnancy. Study Design: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, with analysis of 25 studies that recorded neonatal and maternal outcomes in women who used metformin during pregnancy. The outcomes assessed in this review include congenital deformities, miscarriages, preterm labour, gestational diabetes (GDM) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Results: We found that the use of metformin throughout pregnancy correlated with decreased rates of preterm labour, GDM and PIH. Conflicting evidence exists over whether metformin use during pregnancy reduced miscarriage rates. The use of metformin during pregnancy did not increase teratogenicity risks. Conclusion: The use of metformin throughout pregnancy is associated with decreased rates of preterm labour, GDM, and PIH. However, more randomised controls involving larger numbers of participants are required for more definitive results.展开更多
文摘Two pregnant women who initially developed proteinuria alone followed by serious preeclampsia are presented to emphasize that there is no adequate technical term to express the period of proteinuria alone based on the current criteria of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Case 1 exhibited a urinary protein concentration of 46 mg/dL in the absence of hypertension, and abdominal pain due to placental abruption with hypertension at gestational week (GW) 29–3/7 and 29–4/7, respectively. Case 2 exhibited a urinary protein/creatinine ratio of 2.67, developed hypertension, required cesarean section, and developed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome at GW 28–1/7, 29–6/7, and 32–0/7, and on postpartum day 2, respectively. As women with proteinuria alone are not diagnosed as having preeclampsia and as a diagnosis of gestational proteinuria can be made only at 12 weeks postpartum, a prospective technical term applicable to the condition of proteinuria alone is needed to increase physicians’ attention to this condition.
文摘Objective: This study was to investigate the invasiveness of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) trophoblast cells and evaluate the effects of IGF-Ⅱand TGF-β1 on cytotrophoblast invasion.Methods: Cytotrophoblast cells from normal and PIH placenta were separated and purified. Cytotrophoblast invasiveness of normal and PIH placenta was measured by in vitro invasion assay. Effects of IGF-Ⅱand TGF-β1 on cytotrophoblast invasion were also studied.Results: In PIH group, cytotrophoblast invasiveness was dramatically decreased. In normal group, trophoblast invasiveness was significantly enhanced by IGF-Ⅱ but inhibited by TGF-β1. Neither IGF-Ⅱ nor TGF-β1 had statistically significant effects on PIH trophoblast invasion.Conclusions: PIH cytotrophoblast invasiveness dramatically decreases as compared to the normal level. IGF-Ⅱand TGF-β1 may play an important role in shallow trophoblast invasion on PIH.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the literature assessing foetal and maternal pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS who used metformin during pregnancy. Study Design: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, with analysis of 25 studies that recorded neonatal and maternal outcomes in women who used metformin during pregnancy. The outcomes assessed in this review include congenital deformities, miscarriages, preterm labour, gestational diabetes (GDM) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Results: We found that the use of metformin throughout pregnancy correlated with decreased rates of preterm labour, GDM and PIH. Conflicting evidence exists over whether metformin use during pregnancy reduced miscarriage rates. The use of metformin during pregnancy did not increase teratogenicity risks. Conclusion: The use of metformin throughout pregnancy is associated with decreased rates of preterm labour, GDM, and PIH. However, more randomised controls involving larger numbers of participants are required for more definitive results.
