In 2020,China’s sex ratio at birth(SRB)stood at 111.3,still exhibiting a notable bias.Son preference ranks as the most essential and fundamental reason for the skewed SRB.This study,using a mixed-methods approach,see...In 2020,China’s sex ratio at birth(SRB)stood at 111.3,still exhibiting a notable bias.Son preference ranks as the most essential and fundamental reason for the skewed SRB.This study,using a mixed-methods approach,seeks to address what the temporal changes and regional differences in SRB and the gender preferences are in China,whether and why son preference persists,how people practice such preferences and how they relate to the persistently high SRB in the Chinese con-text.Analysis of data from five national sample surveys finds that son preference is waning and daughter preference is gaining momentum,consistent with significant downward trends in SRB.The study also reveals that value shifts and intergenera-tional relations have a strong influence on gender preferences and their translation into reproductive behavior.Additionally,this study highlights the challenges that are hindering the decline in son preference,suggesting that more efforts are needed to empower women and to change social norms.展开更多
Women’s emancipation is an important part of the people’s liberation movement led by the Communist Party of China.Improving women’s political status is the basic condition for improving their social welfare rights ...Women’s emancipation is an important part of the people’s liberation movement led by the Communist Party of China.Improving women’s political status is the basic condition for improving their social welfare rights and interests.Based on the data from county gazetteers covering more than 1,700 counties,the censuses of 1990 and 2000,and other representative surveys,we conducted an empirical study on the long-term effect of women’s political status on the sex ratio at birth.Our research found that the higher the ratio of female Communist Party members in each county in 1950,the more normal was the sex ratio at birth in the following 50 years.The improved political status of women aged 16-20 significantly raised the proportion of girls among surviving children,especially in the era of family planning.This demographic study provides empirical historical evidence for the first time on one aspect of the long-term social impact of the mission of the Chinese people’s liberation.展开更多
The sex ratio at birth(SRB)in China began to rise rapidly in the 1980s and declined after 2009.The ratio has maintained a downward trend since 2009,but is still higher than the normal level.The government of China has...The sex ratio at birth(SRB)in China began to rise rapidly in the 1980s and declined after 2009.The ratio has maintained a downward trend since 2009,but is still higher than the normal level.The government of China has committed to redress the distortions in SRB and has initiated multiple actions to accomplish that end.Against a background of economic development,accelerating modernization and the empowerment of women,China has strengthened governance and made significant progress in balancing the sex ratio at birth.This paper examines the trend for SRB in China,summarizes the practices that address gender imbalance at birth,and analyzes the challenges ahead.展开更多
Background： Although increasing parity increased the risk of pregnancy complications and despite of Vietnam’s family planning policy of two-child, the percent of women having three or more children has tended fo...Background： Although increasing parity increased the risk of pregnancy complications and despite of Vietnam’s family planning policy of two-child, the percent of women having three or more children has tended for five years. Objectives： （1） Find out the prevalence of parity ≥ 3 and their reasons at Haiphong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2016; （2） Describe the methods of labor and its adverse outcomes. Materials and methods： A cross-sectional in 485 women had delivered three or more infants at Haiphong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology from June to August, 2016. Results： The prevalence of parity ≥ 3 is 11.9%, no relation to geopraphy, education and career. The main reasons are unplanned pregnancy and desire to have a baby boy. The sex ratio at birth is 162. The proportion of cesarean delivery is 53.4%, in which is due to an old C-section. Conclusion： serious gender is imbalance among women having three or more baby （162 baby boys per hundred baby girls）.展开更多
China currently has the world's most skewed national sex ratio at birth.In this paper,we use data from China's 2001 National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Survey and employ hierarchical logistic mode...China currently has the world's most skewed national sex ratio at birth.In this paper,we use data from China's 2001 National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Survey and employ hierarchical logistic models to study how macro factors(mainly fertility policy and economic indicators,as represented by per capita GDP of the village units sampled in this research)and micro factors(mainly fertility intention and sex composition of children)affect the gender of the next birth.We find that the effect of fertility policies is intertwined with the sex composition of children already born.For those couples who have had a son(or sons),fertility policy exerts no effect;but for those with only daughters,the effect is significant.Furthermore,fertility intention,independent from fertility policy,has a significant effect on the gender of the next birth.展开更多
文摘In 2020,China’s sex ratio at birth(SRB)stood at 111.3,still exhibiting a notable bias.Son preference ranks as the most essential and fundamental reason for the skewed SRB.This study,using a mixed-methods approach,seeks to address what the temporal changes and regional differences in SRB and the gender preferences are in China,whether and why son preference persists,how people practice such preferences and how they relate to the persistently high SRB in the Chinese con-text.Analysis of data from five national sample surveys finds that son preference is waning and daughter preference is gaining momentum,consistent with significant downward trends in SRB.The study also reveals that value shifts and intergenera-tional relations have a strong influence on gender preferences and their translation into reproductive behavior.Additionally,this study highlights the challenges that are hindering the decline in son preference,suggesting that more efforts are needed to empower women and to change social norms.
文摘Women’s emancipation is an important part of the people’s liberation movement led by the Communist Party of China.Improving women’s political status is the basic condition for improving their social welfare rights and interests.Based on the data from county gazetteers covering more than 1,700 counties,the censuses of 1990 and 2000,and other representative surveys,we conducted an empirical study on the long-term effect of women’s political status on the sex ratio at birth.Our research found that the higher the ratio of female Communist Party members in each county in 1950,the more normal was the sex ratio at birth in the following 50 years.The improved political status of women aged 16-20 significantly raised the proportion of girls among surviving children,especially in the era of family planning.This demographic study provides empirical historical evidence for the first time on one aspect of the long-term social impact of the mission of the Chinese people’s liberation.
文摘The sex ratio at birth(SRB)in China began to rise rapidly in the 1980s and declined after 2009.The ratio has maintained a downward trend since 2009,but is still higher than the normal level.The government of China has committed to redress the distortions in SRB and has initiated multiple actions to accomplish that end.Against a background of economic development,accelerating modernization and the empowerment of women,China has strengthened governance and made significant progress in balancing the sex ratio at birth.This paper examines the trend for SRB in China,summarizes the practices that address gender imbalance at birth,and analyzes the challenges ahead.
文摘Background： Although increasing parity increased the risk of pregnancy complications and despite of Vietnam’s family planning policy of two-child, the percent of women having three or more children has tended for five years. Objectives： （1） Find out the prevalence of parity ≥ 3 and their reasons at Haiphong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2016; （2） Describe the methods of labor and its adverse outcomes. Materials and methods： A cross-sectional in 485 women had delivered three or more infants at Haiphong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology from June to August, 2016. Results： The prevalence of parity ≥ 3 is 11.9%, no relation to geopraphy, education and career. The main reasons are unplanned pregnancy and desire to have a baby boy. The sex ratio at birth is 162. The proportion of cesarean delivery is 53.4%, in which is due to an old C-section. Conclusion： serious gender is imbalance among women having three or more baby （162 baby boys per hundred baby girls）.
基金supported by the key project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(14AZD096).
文摘China currently has the world's most skewed national sex ratio at birth.In this paper,we use data from China's 2001 National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Survey and employ hierarchical logistic models to study how macro factors(mainly fertility policy and economic indicators,as represented by per capita GDP of the village units sampled in this research)and micro factors(mainly fertility intention and sex composition of children)affect the gender of the next birth.We find that the effect of fertility policies is intertwined with the sex composition of children already born.For those couples who have had a son(or sons),fertility policy exerts no effect;but for those with only daughters,the effect is significant.Furthermore,fertility intention,independent from fertility policy,has a significant effect on the gender of the next birth.
