Thousands of years ago,the Jews were forced to leave their homeland and began to live an exiled life and gradually melted into other neighboring peoples.However,they were not welcomed by others.For thousands of years,...Thousands of years ago,the Jews were forced to leave their homeland and began to live an exiled life and gradually melted into other neighboring peoples.However,they were not welcomed by others.For thousands of years,Jews' "Bible" has become a source of literary and artistic creation,but the image of Jews were excluded from the literary and artistic creation,even if there were some occasions,they were but described as autistic Misers or loan shark.Shakespeare is one of the most outstanding writers;he described many people from all walks of life in his works,the Jews,also included.Based on the corpus of Shakespeare's works,we can see that most adjectives used by Shakespeare to modify the word "Jew"are derogative words.Therefore,we can prove that anti-Semitism does exist in Shakespeare's works.展开更多
The Relevance Theory put forward by Sperber and Wilson not only gives rise to a new research on pragmatics, but also provides a new theoretic foundation for other disciplines. Gutt applies the theory to translation an...The Relevance Theory put forward by Sperber and Wilson not only gives rise to a new research on pragmatics, but also provides a new theoretic foundation for other disciplines. Gutt applies the theory to translation and gives a relevance-theoretic account of translation. The relevance-theoretic communicative model provides rational explanation for existence of the implicit information. The appropri ate treatment of the implicit information is consistent with readers' cognitive environment and expectation. Human communication de pends on not only the text, but also the inferential context. The adequate contextual effect is derived from the correct judgment and infer ence of the implicit information in communication. Therefore, the translator should match the original author' s intention with target text readers' expectation to make sure that they yield adequate contextual effects with appropriate processing efforts. Implicitness is one of the features of Shakespeare' s works. It is more demanding for the translators to catch and transfer to the target readers the implicit information. Zhu Shenghao and Liang Shiqiu, the two famous translators adopt different translation strategies to deal with the implicit information in the works.展开更多
The sonnet is a kind of lyrics with restrict forms which cannot depart from the contents. Shakespeare's sonnets are like a valuable flower blossoming in the England poetry garden during the age of Renaissance and ...The sonnet is a kind of lyrics with restrict forms which cannot depart from the contents. Shakespeare's sonnets are like a valuable flower blossoming in the England poetry garden during the age of Renaissance and a bright pearl sparkling in the world's poetry treasury. This paper will analyze his sonnets from the perspective of the structure and then interpret the meanings behind those words, which can demonstrate the importance of the connection between the forms and the contents.展开更多
Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns＇ of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities＇ into question. Jazz a...Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns＇ of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities＇ into question. Jazz answers with stories and memories can learn a lesson for the future of towns, metropolises and their background, shows through examples of stories of jazz in New Orleans, New York, Paris, Bordeaux and Rome, how this nomad, notable and crossbreeding music contributes to the history of jazz, and world music, and listeners＇ memories, in ＂their own way＂ as towns, cities and their memories can contribute to the prosperity of the metropolises in globalization, through original melting pot works.展开更多
This thesis carefully appreciated situational irony in some of Shakespeare's tragedies successively,and classified situational irony into four kinds:discrepancy between appearance and reality,expectation and fulfi...This thesis carefully appreciated situational irony in some of Shakespeare's tragedies successively,and classified situational irony into four kinds:discrepancy between appearance and reality,expectation and fulfilment,intention and outcome,the actual circumstances and appropriateness.In the analysis of the first kind of situational irony,especially,the thesis focused on Antony and Cleopatra,together with Julius Caesar,questioned the common idea,and stated that Antony's failure was not because of his passion towards Cleopatra.Cleopatra was only his screen to cheat the world,an excuse of his " face-saving failure".展开更多
By using echoes in some sonnets to lines in certain plays, emphasizing those echoes which were not later repeated, and by applying dates to those plays, in 1926 Elizabeth Beckwith tentatively dated a third of the 154 ...By using echoes in some sonnets to lines in certain plays, emphasizing those echoes which were not later repeated, and by applying dates to those plays, in 1926 Elizabeth Beckwith tentatively dated a third of the 154 in the entire sonnets cycle. Her belief was that an unintentional authorial pattern of usage would be less subjective than other approaches to dating the sonnets. Yet, by use of dates from external allusions later applied by Prof. Leslie Hotson and other scholars, this author suggests that it may be possible to extend the total number of datable sonnets to over half of the cycle. However, Beckwith did not use dates for the plays which were later to become a standard dating scheme accepted by most scholars today, and so adjustments of her dates would change the dates she awarded to many of her selected sonnets. This author suggests that even the standard dating scheme is flawed, particularly if Shakespeare was dead when the Sonnets were published in 1609. He suggests another dating regime that meshes quite well with both Beckwith＇s 52 and an additional 27. Thus, the result for the 79 sonnets is to avoid certain problems in the distribution that Beckwith＇s method generated. The net result is what Beckwith termed ＂a skeleton around which the remaining sonnets can be safely built＂, but for over half rather than only a third of the cycle. This author suggests a half＂skeleton＂ is more indicative of the chronology for the whole sonnets cycle than only a third.展开更多
Honour, one of the eternal themes in Shakespeare, is again in the spotlightin Henry IV Part I. In this play, the rivalry between Prince Hal and Hotspuremerges actually out of their cravings for the title of royal hono...Honour, one of the eternal themes in Shakespeare, is again in the spotlightin Henry IV Part I. In this play, the rivalry between Prince Hal and Hotspuremerges actually out of their cravings for the title of royal honour and valour.Hotspur appears to be formidable, courageous and energetic. He is exactly展开更多
Applying the theory of adaptation, Feminism, and Performance Studies, this paper explores the adaptation, inter-textuality, and gender in the three films The Tempest （2010） directed by Julie Taymor, Prospero＇s Boo...Applying the theory of adaptation, Feminism, and Performance Studies, this paper explores the adaptation, inter-textuality, and gender in the three films The Tempest （2010） directed by Julie Taymor, Prospero＇s Books （1991） directed by Peter Greenaway, and Shakespeare in Love （1998） directed by John Madden, referenced to Gnomeo and Juliet （2011）, a cartoon animation. Both films of The Tempest show visual spectacle and technology images by CGI （Computer-Generated Cinematic Graphic Image） effect. The author argues the power struggle between Caliban and Prospero played by actress Helen Mirren, changes from post-colonial discourse in the male domain, to be more about the intellect contest between man and woman, and Taymor＇s adaptation is more focused on maternity than actor John Gielgud＇s on politics. Inter-textuality exists in Shakespeare in Love and Shakespeare＇s Romeo and Juliet, and Twelfth Night. Unlike the tragedy in the films, Gnomeo and Juliet ends happily as we can expect from most musicals and fairy tales. The inter-textuality of literature and art, dramatic plays, historical events, and biographical sketches are delicately intertwined. Media represent Shakespeare applied by Jean Baudrillard＇s ＂simulacra＂ and Richard Schechner＇s ＂simulation＂ to present the liminal threshold between reality, role-playing, and theatricality. Shakespeare represented by media rise to visual narratives.展开更多
All grammatical rules leak. Grammar, as a science of expression, should be more subtle and less rigid; it should address itself more to the speaker’s intentions and less to the rules and definitions. Grammatical rule...All grammatical rules leak. Grammar, as a science of expression, should be more subtle and less rigid; it should address itself more to the speaker’s intentions and less to the rules and definitions. Grammatical rules are no more the articles of a criminal code than a gifted writer is a professional lawyer. Memory is the scribe展开更多
Shakespeare has been studied from many perspectives so far. However, his language style used in his literary works is still worth studying. First of all, this study explores changing sense of emblem and emblem languag...Shakespeare has been studied from many perspectives so far. However, his language style used in his literary works is still worth studying. First of all, this study explores changing sense of emblem and emblem language comparing Shakespeare＇s era and today. Secondly, it puts stress on the effects of emblem traditions on Shakespeare. Lastly, this article aims to shed light on his emblematical language in his Midsummer Night＇s Dream, which is one of his most leading works in terms of having highly visible emblematical interpretations.展开更多
This study aims to investigate how powerful desires controlling and influence the play＇s characters. In particularly Iago＇s Power is probably the most important motive. Iago employed to manipulate Othello. It is cle...This study aims to investigate how powerful desires controlling and influence the play＇s characters. In particularly Iago＇s Power is probably the most important motive. Iago employed to manipulate Othello. It is clearly seen that Iago thrived in power because he loves manipulating people so that they do what he says. Othello indicates the power of desires, love and jealousy. The purpose of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding and analyze the character＇s power and how Shakespeare used Iago＇s power desires？ To cause the tragic downfall Othello by using the psychological approaches. Shakespeare＇s tragedies＇ characters motivated by the power desires. Shakespeare shows that the human need, feelings, emotions and passions or desires may lead their owners to be mad if they surrender to them to go beyond the limits. This paper looks how Shakespeare shows the humanism by describing Iago＇s desires in his play, Othello the most notable tragedies.展开更多
Topology,as a branch of mathematics,studies on the invariability of topological spaces after topological transformation,whose essence is topological equivalence.From the perspective of cultural inheritance and coheren...Topology,as a branch of mathematics,studies on the invariability of topological spaces after topological transformation,whose essence is topological equivalence.From the perspective of cultural inheritance and coherence,translation is essentially topological deformation.In literary translation,complete equivalence is almost impossible.Topological equivalence can be used to transform the text dynamically,which means that the translation remains the fundamental properties of the original text.Therefore,people can understand the meaning of the text based on another culture from different cultural backgrounds.From the view point of topology,the present paper purports to examine Liang Shiqiu’s translation of Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream,and found that the translation remains the features of source text by rendering effective topological strategies to realize topological equivalence and promote cultural exchanges between China and the West.展开更多
With the emergence of the Cultural School in the 1990s, researchers began to deem that translation is inevitably associated with political tendencies and aspirations of social groups, and the relationship between sour...With the emergence of the Cultural School in the 1990s, researchers began to deem that translation is inevitably associated with political tendencies and aspirations of social groups, and the relationship between source language and target language has never gone beyond politics and are always entangled with power. From political perspective, this thesis will take the popularity of Yu Hua’s works in US into account to analyze and explore how cultural soft power, has impacts on translation activities, especially translation direction and source text selection.展开更多
Based on intertextuality point of view, researching and studying Dickinson＇s background, education, her family, as well as the society where she lived. Analyzing the Dickinson＇s poets and other writers＇ or poets＇ ...Based on intertextuality point of view, researching and studying Dickinson＇s background, education, her family, as well as the society where she lived. Analyzing the Dickinson＇s poets and other writers＇ or poets＇ works in different contexts of classical inheritance, and philosophical thought. To break up the text of the solitary, put the text in the associative network of readers＇ experience, take the text as the link of the writer and the readers, and connect the inheritance, experience of the writer and the readers＇ reading. Use the method of intertextuality to interpret the non-meaning of the text, then to understand the significance of existence of Dickinson＇s works. This thesis mainly studies from the following aspects： It reveals the intertextuality of the works of Dickinson and Shakespeare, Isaac Watts and some Romantic poets from the point of classical context. By studying from the point of Transcendentalism and Existentialism, It explores the intertexutality relationship between Dickinson and Emerson, Thoreau as well as other writers. It also disserts the significance and influences of Dickinson＇s works through comparing and analyzing the intertextuality between Dickinson and Li Qingzhao, Xi Murong, as well as Annebaby.展开更多
This paper analyzes Shakespeare’s different treatment of the male and female antagonists Edmond and Goneril in King Lear from their entrance,actions and ending,aiming at exploring his attitude toward women through th...This paper analyzes Shakespeare’s different treatment of the male and female antagonists Edmond and Goneril in King Lear from their entrance,actions and ending,aiming at exploring his attitude toward women through the comparative studies of these two equally evil characters with different gender.Through the analysis,the author found that Shakespeare’s treatment of women is different from that of men.He is less tolerant and mercy to women than to men,from which a conclusion can be drawn that Shakespeare cannot totally get rid of the traditional conceptions that women is inferior than men even though he is a humanist.展开更多
Since the study of Shakespeare's sonnets came to China,people come to an agreement that there is more than one theme running through these sonnets.The most popular and well-accepted ones are singing for fairness,k...Since the study of Shakespeare's sonnets came to China,people come to an agreement that there is more than one theme running through these sonnets.The most popular and well-accepted ones are singing for fairness,kindness and truth,singing for friendship,and singing for love.Among all these themes,time,running through these sonnets from the beginning to the end,is absolutely one of the most important.In the eyes of the poet,time is cruel and destructive;however,he figures out poetry as a key way to triumph over it.This article attempts to argue for the triumph of poetry over time in Shakespeare's sonnets based on an analysis to the poetry.展开更多
文摘Thousands of years ago,the Jews were forced to leave their homeland and began to live an exiled life and gradually melted into other neighboring peoples.However,they were not welcomed by others.For thousands of years,Jews' "Bible" has become a source of literary and artistic creation,but the image of Jews were excluded from the literary and artistic creation,even if there were some occasions,they were but described as autistic Misers or loan shark.Shakespeare is one of the most outstanding writers;he described many people from all walks of life in his works,the Jews,also included.Based on the corpus of Shakespeare's works,we can see that most adjectives used by Shakespeare to modify the word "Jew"are derogative words.Therefore,we can prove that anti-Semitism does exist in Shakespeare's works.
文摘The Relevance Theory put forward by Sperber and Wilson not only gives rise to a new research on pragmatics, but also provides a new theoretic foundation for other disciplines. Gutt applies the theory to translation and gives a relevance-theoretic account of translation. The relevance-theoretic communicative model provides rational explanation for existence of the implicit information. The appropri ate treatment of the implicit information is consistent with readers' cognitive environment and expectation. Human communication de pends on not only the text, but also the inferential context. The adequate contextual effect is derived from the correct judgment and infer ence of the implicit information in communication. Therefore, the translator should match the original author' s intention with target text readers' expectation to make sure that they yield adequate contextual effects with appropriate processing efforts. Implicitness is one of the features of Shakespeare' s works. It is more demanding for the translators to catch and transfer to the target readers the implicit information. Zhu Shenghao and Liang Shiqiu, the two famous translators adopt different translation strategies to deal with the implicit information in the works.
文摘The sonnet is a kind of lyrics with restrict forms which cannot depart from the contents. Shakespeare's sonnets are like a valuable flower blossoming in the England poetry garden during the age of Renaissance and a bright pearl sparkling in the world's poetry treasury. This paper will analyze his sonnets from the perspective of the structure and then interpret the meanings behind those words, which can demonstrate the importance of the connection between the forms and the contents.
文摘Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns＇ of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities＇ into question. Jazz answers with stories and memories can learn a lesson for the future of towns, metropolises and their background, shows through examples of stories of jazz in New Orleans, New York, Paris, Bordeaux and Rome, how this nomad, notable and crossbreeding music contributes to the history of jazz, and world music, and listeners＇ memories, in ＂their own way＂ as towns, cities and their memories can contribute to the prosperity of the metropolises in globalization, through original melting pot works.
文摘This thesis carefully appreciated situational irony in some of Shakespeare's tragedies successively,and classified situational irony into four kinds:discrepancy between appearance and reality,expectation and fulfilment,intention and outcome,the actual circumstances and appropriateness.In the analysis of the first kind of situational irony,especially,the thesis focused on Antony and Cleopatra,together with Julius Caesar,questioned the common idea,and stated that Antony's failure was not because of his passion towards Cleopatra.Cleopatra was only his screen to cheat the world,an excuse of his " face-saving failure".
文摘By using echoes in some sonnets to lines in certain plays, emphasizing those echoes which were not later repeated, and by applying dates to those plays, in 1926 Elizabeth Beckwith tentatively dated a third of the 154 in the entire sonnets cycle. Her belief was that an unintentional authorial pattern of usage would be less subjective than other approaches to dating the sonnets. Yet, by use of dates from external allusions later applied by Prof. Leslie Hotson and other scholars, this author suggests that it may be possible to extend the total number of datable sonnets to over half of the cycle. However, Beckwith did not use dates for the plays which were later to become a standard dating scheme accepted by most scholars today, and so adjustments of her dates would change the dates she awarded to many of her selected sonnets. This author suggests that even the standard dating scheme is flawed, particularly if Shakespeare was dead when the Sonnets were published in 1609. He suggests another dating regime that meshes quite well with both Beckwith＇s 52 and an additional 27. Thus, the result for the 79 sonnets is to avoid certain problems in the distribution that Beckwith＇s method generated. The net result is what Beckwith termed ＂a skeleton around which the remaining sonnets can be safely built＂, but for over half rather than only a third of the cycle. This author suggests a half＂skeleton＂ is more indicative of the chronology for the whole sonnets cycle than only a third.
文摘Honour, one of the eternal themes in Shakespeare, is again in the spotlightin Henry IV Part I. In this play, the rivalry between Prince Hal and Hotspuremerges actually out of their cravings for the title of royal honour and valour.Hotspur appears to be formidable, courageous and energetic. He is exactly
文摘Applying the theory of adaptation, Feminism, and Performance Studies, this paper explores the adaptation, inter-textuality, and gender in the three films The Tempest （2010） directed by Julie Taymor, Prospero＇s Books （1991） directed by Peter Greenaway, and Shakespeare in Love （1998） directed by John Madden, referenced to Gnomeo and Juliet （2011）, a cartoon animation. Both films of The Tempest show visual spectacle and technology images by CGI （Computer-Generated Cinematic Graphic Image） effect. The author argues the power struggle between Caliban and Prospero played by actress Helen Mirren, changes from post-colonial discourse in the male domain, to be more about the intellect contest between man and woman, and Taymor＇s adaptation is more focused on maternity than actor John Gielgud＇s on politics. Inter-textuality exists in Shakespeare in Love and Shakespeare＇s Romeo and Juliet, and Twelfth Night. Unlike the tragedy in the films, Gnomeo and Juliet ends happily as we can expect from most musicals and fairy tales. The inter-textuality of literature and art, dramatic plays, historical events, and biographical sketches are delicately intertwined. Media represent Shakespeare applied by Jean Baudrillard＇s ＂simulacra＂ and Richard Schechner＇s ＂simulation＂ to present the liminal threshold between reality, role-playing, and theatricality. Shakespeare represented by media rise to visual narratives.
文摘All grammatical rules leak. Grammar, as a science of expression, should be more subtle and less rigid; it should address itself more to the speaker’s intentions and less to the rules and definitions. Grammatical rules are no more the articles of a criminal code than a gifted writer is a professional lawyer. Memory is the scribe
文摘Shakespeare has been studied from many perspectives so far. However, his language style used in his literary works is still worth studying. First of all, this study explores changing sense of emblem and emblem language comparing Shakespeare＇s era and today. Secondly, it puts stress on the effects of emblem traditions on Shakespeare. Lastly, this article aims to shed light on his emblematical language in his Midsummer Night＇s Dream, which is one of his most leading works in terms of having highly visible emblematical interpretations.
文摘This study aims to investigate how powerful desires controlling and influence the play＇s characters. In particularly Iago＇s Power is probably the most important motive. Iago employed to manipulate Othello. It is clearly seen that Iago thrived in power because he loves manipulating people so that they do what he says. Othello indicates the power of desires, love and jealousy. The purpose of this study is to obtain a deeper understanding and analyze the character＇s power and how Shakespeare used Iago＇s power desires？ To cause the tragic downfall Othello by using the psychological approaches. Shakespeare＇s tragedies＇ characters motivated by the power desires. Shakespeare shows that the human need, feelings, emotions and passions or desires may lead their owners to be mad if they surrender to them to go beyond the limits. This paper looks how Shakespeare shows the humanism by describing Iago＇s desires in his play, Othello the most notable tragedies.
文摘Topology,as a branch of mathematics,studies on the invariability of topological spaces after topological transformation,whose essence is topological equivalence.From the perspective of cultural inheritance and coherence,translation is essentially topological deformation.In literary translation,complete equivalence is almost impossible.Topological equivalence can be used to transform the text dynamically,which means that the translation remains the fundamental properties of the original text.Therefore,people can understand the meaning of the text based on another culture from different cultural backgrounds.From the view point of topology,the present paper purports to examine Liang Shiqiu’s translation of Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream,and found that the translation remains the features of source text by rendering effective topological strategies to realize topological equivalence and promote cultural exchanges between China and the West.
文摘With the emergence of the Cultural School in the 1990s, researchers began to deem that translation is inevitably associated with political tendencies and aspirations of social groups, and the relationship between source language and target language has never gone beyond politics and are always entangled with power. From political perspective, this thesis will take the popularity of Yu Hua’s works in US into account to analyze and explore how cultural soft power, has impacts on translation activities, especially translation direction and source text selection.
文摘Based on intertextuality point of view, researching and studying Dickinson＇s background, education, her family, as well as the society where she lived. Analyzing the Dickinson＇s poets and other writers＇ or poets＇ works in different contexts of classical inheritance, and philosophical thought. To break up the text of the solitary, put the text in the associative network of readers＇ experience, take the text as the link of the writer and the readers, and connect the inheritance, experience of the writer and the readers＇ reading. Use the method of intertextuality to interpret the non-meaning of the text, then to understand the significance of existence of Dickinson＇s works. This thesis mainly studies from the following aspects： It reveals the intertextuality of the works of Dickinson and Shakespeare, Isaac Watts and some Romantic poets from the point of classical context. By studying from the point of Transcendentalism and Existentialism, It explores the intertexutality relationship between Dickinson and Emerson, Thoreau as well as other writers. It also disserts the significance and influences of Dickinson＇s works through comparing and analyzing the intertextuality between Dickinson and Li Qingzhao, Xi Murong, as well as Annebaby.
文摘This paper analyzes Shakespeare’s different treatment of the male and female antagonists Edmond and Goneril in King Lear from their entrance,actions and ending,aiming at exploring his attitude toward women through the comparative studies of these two equally evil characters with different gender.Through the analysis,the author found that Shakespeare’s treatment of women is different from that of men.He is less tolerant and mercy to women than to men,from which a conclusion can be drawn that Shakespeare cannot totally get rid of the traditional conceptions that women is inferior than men even though he is a humanist.
文摘Since the study of Shakespeare's sonnets came to China,people come to an agreement that there is more than one theme running through these sonnets.The most popular and well-accepted ones are singing for fairness,kindness and truth,singing for friendship,and singing for love.Among all these themes,time,running through these sonnets from the beginning to the end,is absolutely one of the most important.In the eyes of the poet,time is cruel and destructive;however,he figures out poetry as a key way to triumph over it.This article attempts to argue for the triumph of poetry over time in Shakespeare's sonnets based on an analysis to the poetry.
