Estimate of Peaks of Carbon Emissions and Pricing of Carbon Emission Permit in China

With the aid of Matlab software, the peaks of China＇s carbon emissions and their appearing time in three situations were simulated, and the shallow price of carbon emission permit and its effects on China＇s economic growth were analyzed. The results show that it is most effective and feasible to reduce energy consumption per GDP by 25%, and the peak of China＇s carbon emissions will appear in 2017. As a result, energy conser- vation and emission reduction is realized, and China＇s international talk power about carbon emission will improved. However, the shallow price and permit rate of carbon emission permit calculated in the situation are the lowest, and the adverse impact of the initial price of carbon emissions on China＇s economic growth is the largest. Therefore, consideration should be given to both the promotion of pricing and trading of carbon emission permit to reduction of carbon emissions and their adverse effects on GDP in China.

基于浅度回收模式的发电厂接入价定价机制

对发电厂接入价的回收模式与定价方式进行系统研究,提出接入价回收模式的选择需要与共用网络输电价格机制相协调,并提出了基于浅度回收模式的标杆接入价机制设计方案。从核价标杆的选择、分档价格的核定、回收年限的确定等三个方面对接入价定价机制进行设计。在核价标杆的选择方面,选择了基于"单位公里输电线路投资"与"单位兆瓦公里输电线路投资"的核价标杆;在分档价格的核定方面,设计了基于穷举算法的两步优化模型,利用经营期方法进行了接入价回收年限的确定。结合实际数据进行实例分析,得出"单位公里输电线路投资"作为核价标杆较"单位兆瓦公里输电线路投资"更合理的结论,并建议在确定接入价核价档数时,应权衡成本分摊的公平性、成本回收的充分性,以及电价测算与管理工作的复杂性等,只有三者兼顾,才能保证接入价机制实施的可行性和有效性。

低油价下桩西油田高效滚动开发的对策与实践

低油价下油田开发的经济性遭遇严峻挑战,如何实现油田的高效滚动开发,成为桩西油田开发面临的一项重要课题。针对桩西油田在滚动开发中遇到的重点含油层系岩性圈闭多、油层埋深大、油藏规模小、开发成本高、钻探风险大等难点,通过深化地质认识,反复实践,在桩西油田南部地区探索出"立足浅油层、沿主断找高产、定向井穿层打连串、水平井顺层打连片"的高效滚动开发模式,打破了该区多年停滞不前的滚动开发局面,取得了较好效果。