Provenance analysis of surface sediments in the Holocene mud area of the southern coastal waters off Shandong Peninsula,China

The sedimentary record of mud areas is an important carrier of information on the Holocene evolution of marine environments. Based on fine interpretations of the shallow stratigraphic section data, a small mud deposit area has been found in the southern coastal waters off Shandong Peninsula. This mud area is mainly distributed in coastal waters north of Laoshantou to the vicinity of Rushan Estuary. Overall, it is parallel to the coastline and spreads in a banded pattern, gradually thinning from offshore to the sea. The isopach map of depth distribution is parallel with the shoreline, and the depocenter lies in coastal waters of the Aoshan Bay where the maximum thickness is up to 22.5 m. Accelerator mass spectrometry（AMS） ^（14）C dating shows that the mud area was formed in the Holocene. The test data of surface sediments from the mud area, including particle size, mineral characteristics, and rare earth element contents, are used in comparisons with the composition of materials from the major surrounding medium and small rivers flowing into the sea and the Huanghe（Yellow） River. In this paper, the sedimentary characteristics and provenance of the mud deposit area are discussed. The results show that the formation of this mud area resulted from the joint action of the Huanghe River and surrounding rivers flowing into the sea.

Analysis of Climate Change in the Coastal Zone of Eastern China, against the Background of Global Climate Change over the Last Fifty Years: Case Study of Shandong Peninsula, China

The climate change in Shandong Peninsula, China was analyzed in this paper by the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, Accumulated Difference Curve and Order Cluster Analysis methods, based upon the datas of annual mean, maximum and minimum temperature and annual precipitation, precipitation from June to September over the past 50 years. Results obtained showed a number of observations: 1) The annual mean temperature of Shandong Peninsula showed a significant increasing trend, with a distinct abrupt change point detected around 1990, during the past 5 decades. The warming of the Peninsula over the last 50 years was due mainly to the significant increase of annual minimum temperature. The annual maximum temperature demonstrated a mixed trend of decreasing and increasing, but was statistically insignificant, and no abrupt change was detected;2) The annual precipitation exhibited a decreasing trend during the past 5 decades, with an abrupt change detected around 1980 at most stations;but there was an earlier transition point at 1966, at a few stations. The reduction in precipitation, from June to September, was responsible mainly for the decrease of annual precipitation. Besides, the proportion of the June-September precipitation in the year declined slightly over the last 50 years;3) In comparison, the temperature evolution in Shandong Peninsula was basically consistent with most parts of China, but warmed at a faster rate over the same period;the decreasing trend of precipitation was more significant compared with the other climate zones of China. Within the Peninsula, the abrupt change of temperature and precipitation in the Southeast was earlier than that in the Northwest;the reduction of precipitation was larger in the Southeast while the increase of temperature was more significant in the Northwest. This research was of great importance to understand the climate change and its environmental effects in the coastal zone.

The sea/land breeze in the northern coastal area of Shandong Peninsula

In this paper the seasonal variation and structural characteristics of the sea/ land breeze in the northern coastal area of' Shandong Peninsula are studied in two ways: one is the analysis of the observed wind data, and the other is numerical simulation and experiments. Firstly, the hour to hour wind data through the year 1984 at Longkou Meteorological Station and Yantai Oceanographic Station are analysed through energy spectra and hodograph. It is revealed from the analysed results that the effects of the sea/ land breeze in the area are notable in spring, summer and fall, especially in May. However, in winter the effects of sea / land breeze are not obvious. because the cold noitherly is prevailing. Secondly, a two-dimensional non- linear model of primitive equations is used to study the sea / land breeze circulation in May in the area. The results of numerical simulation consist basically with the analysed results of the observed sea / land breeze. A reasonable theoretical structure of the sea / land breeze circulation is displayed, and a new undeerslanding of the developmental mechanism of land breeze circulation in that area is obtained. Lastly, numerical experiments about the effects of large scale wind and temperature fields upon the sea / land breeze circulation are performed.

RESEARCH ON THE COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN CHINA: TAKE SHANDONG PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

Nowadays in China, the coastal development strategy (CDS) aims to make the region (with population 160 million) ahead of developing export-oriented economy and to promote the inland economic prosperity at the same time.The paper analyzes the CDS based on the background of coastal area and the situation at home and abroad, and mainly discusses the relevant tactics in Shandong Province, China.

Suitability evaluation of regional coastal ecotourism based on SOM neural network model: a case study of Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and Rizhao of Shandong Province

Development of coastal ecotourism has been a focus of Shandong government, and the suitability evaluation of regional coastal ecotourism is crucial for the reasonable plan and sustainable development of Shandong coastal ecotourism. By using MATLAB language to establish a SOM neural network model, this paper evaluates the coastal ecotourism suitability of four regions, Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and Rizhao of Shandong Province and divides 33 subordinate regions of those four cities into four categories, i.e. regions poorly suitable for ecotourism resources, regions highly suitable for coastal ecotourism, regions secondly suitable for coastal ecotourism, regions ordinarily suitable for coastal ecotourism. Related suggestions on development of regional coastal ecotourism have been given in the final conclusions.

明代山东海防工程述论

从明朝初年开始,倭寇频频大规模侵扰我国,使沿海地区深受其害。为了抵御倭寇侵扰,明政府在山东沿海陆续设立11个卫、6个守御千户所,并建设了府城、县城、卫城、所城、军寨、墩堡等海防工程,形成了以卫所城池为主体的、防止倭寇入侵和海盗骚扰的完整而严密的海防工程体系。这些海防工程在当时适应了抗倭斗争的需要,是明代山东海防体系的重要基础、重要依托,对抵御倭寇侵扰起到了十分重要的作用。

山东莱州湾南岸晚上新世以来(6.8~0.004 Ma)古植被演替与海平面波动

【研究目的】海岸带沉积物中的微体古生物化石保存着丰富的地质环境信息,本文的目的是重建莱州湾南岸晚上新世以来的古植被演替与海平面波动关系。【研究方法】拟通过对HLL01钻孔的孢粉、淡水藻类、海相沟鞭藻、有孔虫内衬等微体古生物化石的分析,恢复和重建莱州湾南岸及其附近地区晚上新世以来的古植被演替与海平面波动。【研究结果】(1)在晚上新世—早更新世阶段(约6.8~1.6 Ma),大量的陆生草本花粉(75.13%)指示研究区的植物群落主要以藜科、蒿属及禾本科为主的草原植被,气候温暖偏干。(2)在早更新世—中更新世阶段(约1.6~0.6 Ma),研究区的植物群落开始由草原向森林草原类型过渡;急剧增加的淡水藻类,则指示研究区可能有大的河流注入,或形成较大规模的湖泊;降水量增加,气候变得湿润。(3)在中更新世—晚全新世阶段(约0.6~0.004Ma),研究区的植物群落已经变成森林草原植被。淡水藻类含量略有降低,指示研究区的河流注入量开始减少,湖泊面积也开始萎缩。同时,海相沟鞭藻和有孔虫内衬等海相化石记录,指示研究区在该阶段出现了较为明显的大规模海侵事件。【结论】莱州湾晚上新世以来发生了3次古植被演替与海平面波动事件。

山东半岛北部近岸海域浮游动物群落结构及季节变化

根据2016年5月、8月、10月和2017年1月使用浅海Ⅰ型浮游生物网进行的4个航次调查数据,对山东半岛北部近岸海域浮游动物种类组成、时空分布、优势种、群落结构等特征进行了研究。结果显示,4次调查共记录浮游动物39种及浮游幼体13类,隶属于11个门类,以秋季种类数最多。海域内优势种季节更替明显,主要优势种为中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、双刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera bipinnata)和强壮滨箭虫(Sagitta crassa),其中中华哲水蚤优势度最高,为海域内占主导地位的种类。调查海域浮游动物丰度季节变化明显,以春季最高,平均丰度为147.1 ind·m^(-3),其次是秋季,冬季丰度最低,仅37.3 ind·m^(-3)。浮游动物水平分布不均匀,春季和秋季以调查海域西部芝罘岛附近海域丰度较高,夏季和冬季密集中心位于东部威海附近海域。

山东近海毛虾属虾类渔获量对捕捞压力和气候环境要素的响应

基于1979—2020年山东近海气候环境要素和毛虾属虾类(下文简称毛虾)渔获量数据,运用方差膨胀因子、随机森林模型、广义线性可加模型和相关性分析等方法,研究了山东近海捕捞压力和气候变化对伏季休渔制度实施前后毛虾渔获量的影响,筛选影响山东近海毛虾渔获量的关键气候因子。研究表明,山东近海毛虾渔获量与捕捞努力量之间具有显著的相关性;黄渤海海表温度是影响山东近海毛虾渔获量变动的重要环境要素,毛虾渔获量与黄渤海海表温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),毛虾渔获量在一定范围内随温度的升高而升高。毛虾种群变动是多种因素共同作用的结果。研究结果可为评估山东省毛虾最大捕捞量、配额制定及为毛虾专项捕捞实施提供科学依据。

基于环境行为心理学的鲁东沿海旅游乡村评价

针对我国大部分乡村旅游的游客稀少、后续环境管理维护差及同质性严重等多重问题,基于在环境行为心理学的基础,结合鲁东沿海地区文化元素,采用层次分析法从环境感知、心理感知和行为感知三个方面构建鲁东沿海旅游乡村POE评价指标体系,从17个指标层对山东省五个省级以上沿海旅游示范村进行评价。评价结果揭示了各村在环境感知要素、心理感知要素和行为感知要素三个方面的优势及不足。对于不足之处提出,提升沿海乡村综合环境、关注游客心理感受和注重沿海乡村资源整合等优化策略。

山东沿黄地区水工建筑物软基处理技术及应用

山东沿黄地区处于黄河下游,多为冲积扇平原。软土地基是该地区水工建筑物施工中常见的难点问题,地基处理往往决定着建筑物的结构安全与有效运行。因此,科学合理的软基处理技术是保障地基承载力和控制基础沉降的关键。文章结合实例对水工建筑物施工中软基处理措施进行了分析,并总结施工要点,为类似工程提供借鉴。

Distribution and Provenance of Detrital Minerals in Southern Coast of Shandong Peninsula

Detrital minerals of 137 offshore and 22 river sediment samples collected from Qingdao coastal areas have been analyzed. Four mineral assemblage provinces can be classified by Q-mode cluster analysis. Factor analysis identifies two major factors that account for the total variability in most common minerals: 1) based on the relationship of quartz, hornblende, actinolite, micas, and authigenic pyrite, 41.55% of the variability is related to sediment sources; 2) based on the relationship of epidote, garnet, sphere, and ilmenite, 23.21% can be related to strong hydrodynamic conditions that control transport and sedimentation. By comparing mineral compositions of river waters in the study area, the following four mineral provenances can be identified. The Qingdao-Laoshan nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-epidote-hornblende-limenite-limonite-sphene assemblage, which is largely attributed to relict sediment and coastal erosion. The Jimo-Haiyang nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-hornblende-epidote-limonite-mica-actinolite assemblage, derived largely from the Wulong River and Rushan River, and is also affected by the Huanghe River, while the Qianliyan Island area in the deeper offshore area separated by a mud belt has a similar assemblage. The Haiyang-Rushan nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-hornblende-epidote-micas-limonite assemblage, indicating multiple sources from the Rushan River, the Wulong River, the Huanghe River, and coastal erosion. The central area, located in an eddy center, has a mica-authigenic pyrite-hornblende-quartz-feldspar assemblage, indicating multiple sources dominated by Huanghe River distal sediments.

THE OPENING SHANDONG PROVINCE

Situated on China’s eastern coast, Shandong Province is an important opening coastal province. Over the past 15 years, average gross product in the province increased by 11.9 percent each year. Since the beginning of the 1990s, its opening up and economic construction have entered a new stage

PROMISING SHANDONG PROVINCE

Shandong Province is a large coastal economic province in China. The Shandong Peninsula is the largest peninsula in China. Since its reform and opening up, Shandong Province has scored rapid progress in its economy, culture, foreign trade, science and technology, and tourism, growing to

山东近海赤潮物种多样性研究进展

山东近海浮游植物多样性很高,其中包括很多能够引发赤潮的赤潮物种。在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,山东近海赤潮事件的规模越来越大,赤潮暴发频率也越来越高,给生态环境及人类健康带来负面影响,从而引起越来越大的关注。为系统了解山东近海的赤潮物种多样性,评估潜在的赤潮暴发事件,对过去84年间(1936~2019年)完成的以山东近海浮游植物为研究对象的生态研究项目进行了全面的文献检索,并对文献报道的结果进行了整理和分析。这些生态研究项目基本都采用了基于形态特征的方法对浮游植物进行了物种鉴定。对检索到的119个生态研究项目的鉴定结果汇总得到659种浮游植物,其中包括155种赤潮物种,以硅藻(78种)和甲藻(67种)为主,还包括棕鞭藻(5种)、定鞭藻(2种)、隐藻(1种)、未定类的三深碎裂藻(Ebria tripartite)和红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)。鉴定频率最高的赤潮物种包括中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)和短角弯角藻(Eucampia zodiacus)。由于这些调查研究采用的基于形态特征的物种鉴定方法,对细胞尺寸较小、形态特征不显著以及固定过程中不稳定的物种往往做不到准确鉴定,且形态学鉴定还受到研究者经验的影响,因此,这些鉴定结果不能全部代表甚至可能严重低估了山东近海的赤潮物种多样性。在该文统计的155个赤潮物种中,只有118个物种的18S rDNA V4区序列得到解析,从而可以在宏条形码分析中可以得到鉴定。未来的研究应该将形态学方法与分子学方法结合起来,并且解析所有赤潮物种的分子标记(包括18S rDNA V4)序列,从而更好地跟踪山东近海的赤潮物种多样性及其时空动态分布,为赤潮预警预报提供依据。

山东半岛沿岸流强度与悬浮体时空变化特征

基于2014-2018年NOAA/AVHRR遥感数据,在山东半岛海域选取6条剖面,结合海表温度和表层悬浮体的时空变化特征,详细研究了山东半岛沿岸流的年周期变化规律与移动路径。研究结果表明,山东半岛沿岸流年周期变化可分为4个阶段:成长期(10-12月)时开始形成于黄河口附近,沿莱州湾南部向东运移;强盛期(次年1-3月)时山东半岛沿岸流完全成型,扩散带最宽,鼎盛时期北部可以至38°N附近,东部可以至123°E附近,在35°~36°N附近分成NE-SW向的2个分支,主干部分最远可到达胶州湾东部海域,余流沿岸向西南方向转折;衰退期(4-6月)时沿岸流强度减弱,只在山东半岛北部和东部小范围内有微弱的显示;消亡期(7-9月)时基本消失。山东半岛沿岸流在冬季时对悬浮体扩散具有强烈的驱动作用,使其在黄河口南侧与山东半岛北岸-成山头东部海域分别形成呈“弧形”和“条带状”分布的2个高浓度区域。

山东沿海生态系统服务协同与权衡的空间格局及驱动力

提升区域生态保护效能,可为区域生态治理科学决策提供政策依据,以山东省沿海地区为研究区,使用InVEST模型和CASA模型测度产水服务、土壤保持、植被固碳和生物多样性的时空演变,借助差异比较法探究生态系统服务协同权衡的时空分异机制,进一步利用多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)剖析了自然因素和人类活动因素对协同权衡的影响。结果表明:(1) 2018年研究区产水服务、生物多样性的均值为605.27 mm/a, 0.28,2010—2018年总量递增速率分别为0.21 mm/a, 0.23;土壤保持、植被固碳的均值为0.000 73 t/(hm^(2)·a),537.56 gC/(m^(2)·a),2010—2018年总量递减速率分别为0.62 t/(hm^(2)·a),2.1 gC/(m^(2)·a)。(2) 2010—2018年,生态系统服务的协同权衡具有显著的空间异质性,产水服务分别与土壤保持、生物多样性表现为强权衡弱协同;植被固碳分别与产水服务、土壤保持、生物多样性表现为强协同弱权衡。(3)产水服务、土壤保持、植被固碳三者存在显著相关性,受坡度、高程、日照时数等自然因素的影响大于人类活动因素的影响,其正负性和强度具有空间异质性。其余因子的解释力度较小且不固定,各项因素动态且综合影响协同权衡的变化。总之,研究区内4种生态系统服务之间协同与权衡具有显著的空间异质性,且影响因素的正负性和强度也具有空间异质性,研究结果可为山东省沿海地区生态治理提供参考。

山东沿海不同工业废水源中微塑料的赋存特征

微塑料(MPs)作为一种普遍存在的新污染物受到广泛关注,工业来源被认为是受纳河流和邻近海域中微塑料的重要来源,但是关于工业来源废水中的微塑料污染情况并不明确。本文系统研究了山东沿海5个行业代表性企业进水和出水中微塑料的赋存特征,结果表明,工业废水源内部污水处理系统对微塑料的去除效率较低,平均去除率仅为59.86%,沿海工业废水是近海环境中微塑料污染的潜在重要来源。不同类型工业中纺织印染业的进、出水微塑料含量最大,平均丰度分别为84.8个/L和19.6个/L,纸塑制造厂、化工厂和船舶工业的污水中微塑料丰度相近,进水中微塑料丰度在32.0~37.2个/L之间,出水中微塑料丰度在10.8~14.6个/L之间,金矿厂的进水中微塑料丰度最低,为23.9个/L,出水微塑料丰度为17.6个/L。不同工业源进水中微塑料在形状和成分上相似,在尺寸和颜色上存在行业差异,纤维(占比范围61.46%~84.48%)是主要形状,聚乙烯(PE)(53.48%~76.19%)是主要成分。工业源出水中微塑料主要形状为纤维(61.46%~91.06%),主要颜色为蓝色(41.67%~58.22%),主要成分为PE(16.22%~67.83%),出水中微塑料尺寸存在行业差异,≤300μm的微塑料平均占比最高,为28.67%,占比范围为23.96%~35.19%。工业出水中微塑料特征与海洋中微塑料特征高度契合,再次证明了工业污水对海洋微塑料污染的重要贡献。本研究通过揭示典型海湾周边代表性行业的工业污水中微塑料浓度与特征,为海洋微塑料的源汇特征、迁移与防控研究提供科学依据。

北方传统聚落形态演进探析——以明代山东海防聚落为例

山东半岛地区的明代海防聚落是北方传统聚落的典型形式之一,其演进路径虽有自身的特色,但在聚落形态等方面却有较为广泛的代表性。本文通过分析明代山东半岛海防聚落的形态演进过程和现状,选取靖海卫、成山卫和雄崖所三座典型卫所,比较了其在区位、形态、规模、现状及发展进程等方面的异同。选择青岛市即墨区境内鳌山卫1990-2020年间的土地利用数据和地理空间数据云的数字高程模型数据,利用ArcGIS工具,将二级用地类型归并为七类,得到鳌山卫聚落形态演进进程。研究表明,在聚落形态的演进过程中,区位、地形、地质、景观等条件是基础,政府战略和政策是主导因素,交通条件的改善是助力,用地性质的改变是直接原因,人居环境的改善和人民收入的提升以及新产业带来的经济转型升级是目的和结果。因此,聚落形态的演变虽然受到多重因素的影响,但经济发展是其内在驱动力。

山东省海岸带地下水环境动态演化特征研究

为研究山东省海岸带的地下水环境特征,依据山东省海岸带不同类型地下水监测数据,结合区域水文地质条件,从地下水动力场和地下水水化学场两个方面开展了分析。结果表明:地下水水位动态变化与大气降水呈正相关关系,同时还受地形地貌、地下水开采强度等因素制约;地下水水化学特征由中低山丘陵区向滨海区呈现分带性;近40 a来,阴离子HCO_(3)^(-)含量逐渐降低,Cl-含量逐渐升高,阳离子Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量逐渐降低,Na^(+)含量逐渐升高;水化学动态特征主要受自然因素和人类活动的影响,受人类活动影响更为明显。