The Application of Scenario Analysis in the Overall Planning of Land Use:A Case Study of Shangluo City in Shaanxi Province

The overall planning of land use is a complex process of joint action of social system, natural and economic conditions. On the basis of summarizing the existing researches, we select Shaanxi's Shangluo City, located in the Qinba mountainous area as the study object, to expound the concept and steps of scenario analysis based on land use change data, under the guidance of ecological safety and sustainable development theory. We design four different scenarios of land use planning program in Shangluo City during the period 2006-2020, and use grey linear programming model to analyze each scenario. The results show that the scenario analysis is feasible in the adjustment of land use structure in Shangluo City; operable in the determining of land use planning program on a macro-municipal scale.

Analysis of the Current Situation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions in Shaanxi Province

To understand the current situation of institutional registration in Shaanxi Province after the implementation ofregistration system management in drug clinical trial institutions.Relevant information was collected on the“Announcement on the Accreditation of Drug Clinical Trial Institutions”issued by the National Medical Products Administration from 2005 to August 2022,the record management information system of drug and medical device clinical trial institutions,and the drug clinical trial registration and information publicity platform.A retrospective analysis was carried out in terms of institutional development,regional distribution,registered majors,principal investigators,and the number of drug clinical trials.After the implementation of institution registration,the number of drug clinical trial institutions in Shaanxi Province increased by 47.4%,884 principal investigators were registered,the number of registered majors expanded from 58 qualified to 117,and the professional scope increased by 50.4%.The policy of institution registration is conducive to promoting the rational use of medical resources and the development of drug clinical trial institutions and improving the healthy development of the pharmaceutical industry in Shaanxi Province.

Thinking on Effective Methods of Successful Prediction of Geological Hazards in Shaanxi, China

In the process of human survival and development, it is inevitable to transform the original state of the world, thus forming a contradiction between the earth and the earth. The violent form of this contradiction is geological disasters. Geological disasters pose a threat to human life and property, and cause damage caused by natural or human factors, often causing casualties. The destruction process of geological disasters is usually a gradual process, showing many pre-disaster symptoms, such as local landslides, surface cracks, building deformation, tree skew, and ground sound. Evacuation can be avoided in advance according to the disaster precursors, so as to avoid casualties and achieve successful prediction. By reviewing the general situation of geological disasters in Shaanxi Province and the casualties in 2020, the difficulties in the prevention and control of geological disasters are summarized. In view of these difficulties, an on-site investigation, visit and analysis of geological disaster points and successful forecast points in Shaanxi Province in 2020 were conducted. In addition, combined with actual cases and years of work experience, the successful prediction experience of geological disasters was discussed from 8 aspects. Finally, the “Regulations on the Reward for Successful Geological Disaster Forecasting in Shaanxi Province” was revised in order to improve the successful prediction ability of geological disasters in Shaanxi Province and even the whole country, provide reference for future prevention and control of geological disasters, and effectively protect the safety of people’s lives and property.

Changes in Ecosystem Service Values on the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province,China

The Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province of China covers Yulin, Yan＇an, and Tongchuan cities mainly. The kind of physiognomy is complicated and various, including the transitional region of the sand and wind, the hilly-gully fragile region, the pimple mound region from North to South. Large-scale land reclamation projects that are severely affecting these ecosystems have been implemented. In this paper, we reported an investigation to the changes in land use and ecosystem services on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province from 1978 to 2000. We used three LANDSAT TM and/or ETM data sets to estimate the changes in the size of five land-cover/land-use categories, and we also used previously published value coefficients to estimate the changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by each land category. Finally, we ranked the contribution of various ecosystem functions to the overall value of the ecosystem services, we have estimated that the annual value of the ecosystem services is 56.95 billon RMB yuan in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province in 2000. In the region, from 1978 to 2000, the economic value of the fixing carbon was higher, the economic value of water conservation was the lowest, but the economic value of the NPP, fixing carbon, and supplying oxygen accounted for above ninety percent of the total value, obviously the vegetation created the biggest ecosystem service value. We can conclude that future land-use policy formulation should give precedence to the conservation of these ecosystems over uncontrolled reclamation, and that further land reclamation should be based on rigorous environmental impact analyses.

Quantitative analysis of the dynamic change and spatial differences of the ecological security: a case study of Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province

Using the theory and method of the ecological footprint, and combining the changes of regional land use, resource environment, population, society and economy, this paper calculated the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological surplus/loss in 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province. What is more, this paper has put forward the concept of ecological pressure index, set up ecological pressure index models, and ecological security grading systems, and the prediction models of different ecological footprints, ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus and ecological safety change, and also has assessed the ecological footprint demands of 10,000 yuan GDE The results of this study are as follows： （1） the ecological carrying capacity in northern Shaanxi shows a decreasing trend, the difference of reducing range is the fastest; （2） the ecological footprint appears an increasing trend; （3） ecological pressure index rose to 0.91 from 0.44 during 1986-2002 on the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi with an increase of 47%; and （4） the ecological security in the study area is in a critical state, and the ecological oressure index has been increasing rapidlv.

Oil／Gas Accumulation Characteristics and Exploration Methods of the Deltaic Lithologic Reservoirs in Northern Shaanxi Area

There are large deltaic systems in the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the northern Shaanxi area of the Ordos Basin, and developed two sets of good source-reservoir-caprock assemblages and many sets of oil-bearing beds. Exploration experience demonstrates that the formation and distribution of the reservoir were controlled by the generative depression of the Yanchang Formation, and deltaic reservoir sand body is the material basis for large-scale oilfields. In addition, secondary laumontite in a low permeable area was dissolved and then a high permeable area was formed. The updip lithologic variety of reservoir sand bodies is favorable to the formation of subtle lithologic traps, and the deltaic reservoirs are characterized by large multi-beds of oil-generation and abundant hydrocarbon resources. In this paper, the petroleum geologic settings of the studied area are analyzed, and the accumulation characteristics and exploration methods of lithologic reservoirs are summarized. It is of theoretical significance for the study of the exploration theories of lithologic reservoirs, and also expedites the exploration steps of deltaic reservoirs in the northern Shaanxi area.

Existing Problems in Energy Exploitation and Eco-environment Sustainable Development and Their Countermeasures in Northern Shaanxi

The exploitation of coal, petroleum and natural gas in northern Shaanxi not only promoted the rapid development of economy, but also brought about enormous pressure to fragile ecology and resulted to severe water pollution, water and soil loss, vegetation destruction and other ecological environmental problems, so many countermeasures were put forward according to these problems, such as greatly developing circular economy, conducting cleaner production in petroleum enterprises, continuously renewing mining technology and so on.

Potash–Forming Regularity of the Ordovician Marine Northern Shaanxi Salt Basin: Insight from Review and Prospect of the Deep Geology of the Ordos Basin

The Ordovician Northern Shaanxi Salt Basin （ONSSB）, located in the east-central Ordos Basin, western North China Craton （NCC）, is one of the largest marine salt basins yet discovered in China. A huge amount of halite deposited in the Mid-Ordovician Majiagou Formation, and potash- containing indication and local thin layer of potash seam were discovered in O2m^65 （6th submember, 5th member of the Majiagou Formation）. This makes ONSSB a rare Ordovician potash-containing basin in the world, and brings new hope for prospecting marine solid potash in this basin. However, several primary scientific problems, such as the coupling relationship between ONSSB and the continent nucleus, how the high-precision basement fold controls the ONSSB, and how the basement faults and relief control ONSSB, are still unclear due to the limitations of the knowledge about the basement of the Ordos Basin. This has become a barrier for understanding the potash-forming regularity in the continental nucleus （CN） area in marine salt basin in China. Up to now, the material accumulation has provided ripe conditions for the answers to these questions. Latest zircon U-Pb ages for the basement samples beneath the Ordos Basin reveal that there exists a continental nucleus （Yi-Meng CN） beneath the northern Ordos Basin. And this brings light into the fact that the ONSSB lies not overlying on the Yi- Meng CN but to south Yi-Meng CN. Both do not have superimposed relationship in space. And borehole penetrating into the basement reached Palaeoproterozoic meta-sedimentary rocks, which suggests the ONSSB is situated in the accretion belt of Yi-Meng CN during geological history. Basement relief beneath the ONSSB area revealed by seismic tomography and aeromagnetic anomaly confirms the existence of basement uplift and faults, which provides tectonic setting for sedimentary center migration of the ONSSB. Comparative research with various data sources indicates that the expanding strata in the ONSSB adopted the shape of the basement folds. We found that the orientations of the potash sags showed high correlation with those of several basement and sedimentary cover faults in the ONSSB. The secondary depressions are also controlled by the faults. Comparative research between all the global salt basins and continental nuclei distribution suggests that distribution of the former is controlled by the latter, and almost all the salt basins developed in or at the margin of the continental nucleus area. The nature of the tectonie basement exerts a key controlling effect on potash basin formation. And on this basis we analyzed in detail the geological conditions of salt-forming and potash-forming in the ONSSB.

Change Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Summer Precipitation Anomaly in Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi Province

[ Objective] The research aimed to study change characteristics and formation cause of summer precipitation abnormality in Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province. [ Method] Based on summer precipitation data at 15 observation stations in Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province and NCEP/NCAR dataset from 1961 to 2008, change characteristics of summer precipitation in the region were investigated by using linear trend estimation and composite analysis. [Result] Summer rainfall had decrease trend in most parts of northem Shaanxi Province, but had increase trend in western and southern regions. The interannual and interdecadal variations were obvious. It had a large amount of precipitation from the mid- 1970s to the mid-1990s, while summer rainfall had decrease trend after the mid-1990s and increase trend in recent years. In wet years, it was a large positive anomaly zone from western Ural Mountains to northem Lake Baikal at middle and high latitudes, indicating that there was a blocking high over the Ural Mountains, while it was negative anomaly zone from northern Okhotsk Sea to Lake Baikal. From Northwest Pacific Ocean to Bo- hal Sea Bay and North China, it was a wide range of significant positive anomaly zone, which was favorable for Westem Pacific subtropical high ex- tending westward and northward. The analysis in dry years showed opposite circulation configuration. It was ＂ -, ＋, -＂ wave train distribution in middle and high latitudes and positive anomaly zone along the Sea of Okhotsk. Western Pacific subtropical high was also by south and east. Major water vapor was from southeast direction in wet years, and abundant water vapor caused more summer rainfall in northern Shaanxi. In dry years, water vapor was from westerly tuming southerly flow. It was weaker and by east. [ Conclusion] The research provided reference for reasonable utilization of summer precipitation in the zone.

New Discovery of Reproductive Organs and Spores in Situ of Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales from the Middle Jurassic of Shaanxi, China

Objective Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales are important components of Mesozoic flora and were widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. They are usually preserved together in the stratum. Their fossils are abundant in the Middle Jurassic of Shaanxi Province, but there are no reports on their reproductive organs. Here, we report two male gymnospermous pollen cones from the Middle Jttrassic Yan＇an Formation of the northeast Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, China. The characteristics of the fossils, including those of pollens, have been described in detail. The new specimens were compared with fossils closely similar in morphology, and the taxonomic affinity and systematies were established. The present results offer new fossil materials for the study of taxonomy, evolution, and phytogeography of Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales.

Influence Factors of Farmers' Willingness to Poverty Alleviation Relocation in South Shaanxi Province

In southern Shaanxi,far from the core areas of politics and economy,the conditions are inconvenient and farmers have been threatened by geology,floods for many years,resulting in a large population of poor people.The relocation of poverty alleviation project in southern Shaanxi is helpful for improving living standards of people in disaster-stricken areas.Based on the field survey,this paper analyzed 274 valid questionnaires and established a Logistic Regression Analysis Model.The result shows that the health status of head of household,road type before relocation,annual loss of disasters,and changes in the family income after relocation have a greater influence on the relocation willingness of farmers,while the educational level of householder,the distance from the original place of residence to the town and market,the condition of household electricity before relocation and other factors have a little influence on the relocation willingness of farmers.

Discovery of Marine-terrestrial Transitional Facies Shale Gas in Taiyuan Formation of Zhenjia 1 Well,Northern Shaanxi,Ordos basin

Objective At present, there is controversy regarding the existence of marine-terrestrial transitional facies that can act as a source of shale gas. This detailed study of Carboniferous-Permian age geological data from the northern Shaanxi area （China） provides new insight for this type of shale gas. In addition, a new deposition and accumulation pattern for this type of shale gas is established.

PROMOTE FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN SHAANXI

Since the start of the reform and openingdrive, foreign trade and economiccooperation in Shaanxi Province hasmade significant progress. By the end of1995, the province had approved theimplementation of 2,313 items utilizing foreigninvestment, with total investment value ofUS＄6.771 billion, contractual foreigninvestment value of US＄4.94 billion, actualutilization of foreign investment of US＄2.118billion, accounting for 42.9 percent of thecontractual foreign investment value. InJanuary-April 1996, the province approved106 items of foreign direct investment, withtotal investment of US＄308 million,contractual foreign investment of US＄220million and actual utilization of foreigninvestment of US＄116 million.

HUMAN IMPACT ON SOIL EROSION AND SEDIMENT YIELD IN NORTHERN SHAANXI, CHINA

Soil erosion in northern Shaanxi region has been greatly affected by human activities. On the one hand, newly occurred soil and water loss has been observed due to accelerated soil erosion caused by irrational human economic activities such as excessive reclamation, mining, etc.. On the other hand, great economic, social and ecological benefits have been brought into play due to vast amount of sediment trapping in watershed management as a result of adoption of engineering measures like silt arrester and horizontal terracing and of biological measures like afforestation and grass planting.

Studies on the Development of Walnut Industry in Shangluo City Based on SWOT

The walnut industry in Shangluo City is evaluated based on SWOT. The internal advantage,disadvantage,external opportunities and threats to the walnut industry are found out. In the end,suggestions towards the development of walnut industry in Shangluo City are put forward.

Analysis of a Regional Rainstorm Process in South Shaanxi during July 17-18,2010

Based on conventional high-altitude aerial and ground data, regional intensive rainfall data, Doppler weather radar and satellite cloud data, the occurrence and development process of a regional rainstorm in South Shaanxi during July 17 -18, 2010 was discussed deeply. The results showed that the occurrence and development of the mesoscale weather system resulted in the heavy storm directly besides favorable large-scale background, and the the occurrence and development of the system had strong local and sudden characters. In addition, heavily concentrated wa- ter vapor in the troposphere at low and middle altitudes as well as existence of unstable conditions of convection might be favorable to the develop- ment of the system, while dynamic action of terrain, ground weak cold front and disturbance of the low-level jet stream might trigger the occurrence and development of the system.

Variation Characteristics of Sunshine Hours and Its Reason Analysis over Loess Plateau of Shaanxi

[Objective] The research aimed to study variation characteristics of sunshine hours over Loess Plateau of Shaanxi during 1961-2010.[Method] By using the climate tendency rate,climate trend coefficient and linear correlation,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sunshine hours in Loess Plateau of Shaanxi in recent 50 years were analyzed.Moreover,the main reason for inducing variation of sunshine hours in the zone was discussed.[Result] In recent 50 years,the variation of annual sunshine hours in Loess Plateau of Shaanxi mainly presented decrease trend.The decrease zones were mainly located in windy desert region along the Great Wall line,central loess hilly region,most areas of plateau remains region and most areas of arid plateau region in north Weihe River.The increase zones were mainly located in west and northeast plateau remains region,southwest plateau remains region,some areas of arid plateau region in north Weihe River.Seen from four-season variation trend,except in spring,the sunshine hours in other seasons presented varying decrease trends.The decrease amplitude in summer was 24.34 h/10 a,and was the most significant.The second one was-16.62 h/10 a in winter.The decrease amplitude in winter was 3.55 h/10 a,and was unobvious.Seen from spatial variation,the annual sunshine hours presented significant increase trend in Mizhi of loess hilly region and significant decrease trend in Dingbian,Shenmu of windy desert region along the Great Wall line,Qingjian,Yanchuan of plateau remains region,Longxian,Fengxiang,Chunhua and Hancheng of arid plateau region in north Weihe River.There was no obvious variation trend in other research zones.The annual and four-season sunshine hours all presented negative correlations with rainfall,relative humidity,total cloud amount,low cloud amount,water vapor pressure and fog days.The sunshine hours presented positive correlation with visibility.The correlation coefficients between sunshine hours and relative humidity,rainfall,total cloud amount,water vapor pressure,fog days and visibility were all bigger in each region.[Conclusion] The research provided basis for analyzing climate variation over Loess Plateau of Shaanxi.

Evaluation of groundwater geochemical characteristics and quality in the central and Northern Shaanxi Province,China

Groundwater is of vital importance to many aspects of ecosystem services,especially in the central and northern Shaanxi Provence,China,-an area covered by loess deposits and short of water resources.We studied the solute geochemistry and water quality of groundwater in this area to improve the understanding of hydrogeochemical processes in loess deposits area.The results showed that the average pH of groundwaters was 8.03±0.36(1 SD)with large ranges(324-83,379 mg/L)of the total dissolved solids(TDS).The cations and anions followed the order of Na^+>Ca^2+>Mg^2+>K^+>SiO2 and HCO3>Cl^->SO4^2->F^->NO3^-.Most groundwater samples show the HCO3^--Na^+-Ca^2+water type and a small number of samples the Na^+-Cl^-type.Irrigation water quality assessments showed that 40%of the groundwater has good water quality,42%moderate water quality,and 18%(the upper reaches of Wuding River and Wei River)poor water quality with very high salinity.About 40%of groundwater samples were not suitable for drinking due to the high TDS,fluoride,sulfide,and chloride.Gibbs plot and stoichiometry analysis showed that carbonate weathering is the main source of groundwater chemistry in central Shaanxi Province while evaporite dissolution dominates in northern Shaanxi Provence.The loess weathering significantly influences the dissolved solutes of groundwater in the Loess Plateau.The ion-exchange between Mg^2+and Ca^2+in groundwater and Na^+in clay minerals and the deposition of carbonate minerals increased Na^+but decreased the Ca^2+in groundwater.Our research results improve our understanding of hydrogeochemical processes that affect the solutes chemistry of groundwater in the loess area and provide essential data to the global groundwater database.

Tourism-guided Planning of Immigrant Relocation:A Case Study of Phoenix Mountain Resort Park in Hanyin County, South Shaanxi

The implementation of the rural resettlement policy in southern Shaanxi has produced a lot of rural immigrants that need urgent resettlement. The subsequent settlement problem is the core issue of migration policy. All kinds of special background and demand of these "rural immigrants" put forward new requirements for resettlement planning. This paper explored the planning of rural immigrant relocation under the guidance of tourism industry, so as to create a new living environment for immigrants inheriting traditional cultural context, and revitalize the new urbanization of south Shaanxi. First, the paper briefly introduced the background of the rural resettlement policy in south Shaanxi. Second, taking the Phoenix Mountain Resort Park in Hanyin County for example, this paper used SWOT to analyze the feasibility of immigrant relocation in comprehensive tourist service area. Third, this paper elaborated the specific concepts and schemes.

AN INTRODUCTION TO SHAANXI PROVINCE

Shaanxi is situated in China’s hinterland,with a total area of 205,600 squarekilometers and a population of 34.8million. The province is composed of 10cities and prefectures (including the sixprovincial cities of Xi’an, Baoji, Xianyang,Tongchuan, Weinan and Jiangzhong, andfour prefectures of Ankang, Shanluo, Yan’anand Yulin), 107 county-level cities, countiesand districts, with Xi’an as the provincialcapital. The average temperature of theprovince is 8 - 16 ℃, average rainfall 674mm, and frost-free period 150 - 270 days. Inthe north lies the Huangtu Plateau, in thesouth is Mount Qingba, and in the centre isthe Guanzhong Plain. Shaanxi is abundant with