Comparing the Upper Triassic Deep-sea Flysch of the Shannan Terrane with the Coeval Shallow Shelf Sediments of the Tethys Himalaya,Southern Tibet

The provenance and paleogeography of the Upper Triassic deep-sea flysch Langjiexue Group(LG)of the Shannan Terrane in the northeastern Himalaya orogen,south of Yarlung Zangbo,have been disputed in recent years since its affinity to the Tethys Himalaya was suspected during the early 2000 s.Based on the earlier discoveries of the Upper Permian–Triassic basalts and mafic dykes from the LG and of coeval detrital zircons from the Qulonggongba Formation(QF)in shallow shelf sediments of the Tethys Himalaya,the previous viewpoints on the basin and tectonics of the LG have been recently rejected.We compared the two units of the Upper Triassic,and our results reveal a number of differences,discrepancies,and inconsistencies in the debate,raising crucial questions on the postulation and provenance model of the remote Gondwanide Orogen for the LG.It is suggested that more observations and evidence are needed to further improve the paleogeographic understanding and relationship of the two units.

Specificity of Tibetan Chicken Germplasm Resources and Its Breeding and Utilization in Shannan Prefecture of Tibet

Shannan Prefecture of Tibet is the central producing region of Tibetan chicken, and Tibetan chicken feeding has become one of the characteristic industries of animal husbandry in local agricultural and pastoral area, and it is an important source of food and income for the locals. However, because of extensive feed- ing managemem, low level of intensification, blind hybrid of exotic varieties and despising selective breeding, the number of pedigree Tibetan chickens have reduced year by year and the performance of Tibetan chicken herd varied greatly, premium specificity could not be effectively utihzed. By investigating the present situation of Tibetan chicken feeding, analyzing the specificity of Tibetan chicken germplasm resources, the scientific conservation breeding was started to make full use of the advantage of keeping Tibetan chickens on the plateau.

Integration of Family Planning With MCH in Shannan Prefecture

Shannan Prefecture。located on the bank of the Yarhung Zangpo River,is the cradle of Tibetan civi-lization.It is about 200 kilometers from Lhasa,the regional capital。With an area of 73,000 square kilo-meters and a population of 310,000.There are 12 counties,146 towns and townships,and 861 villages un-der its jurisdiction.

SHANNAN ART TROUPE:European Visit Fruitful

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市县国土空间规划“双层级”村庄分类研究以山南市乃东区为例

科学合理、因地制宜地开展村庄“定型”,是实施分类指导的必要前提。在各地灵活丰富的村庄分类里,介入自然聚落尺度是近期兴起的创新来源。文章以西藏自治区山南市乃东区为例,将传统单纯围绕行政村展开的村庄分类流程,扩展为由自然聚落与行政村尺度共同构成的“双层级”村庄分类技术框架。研究认为,行政村内自然聚落间的强烈异质性及聚落发展的实心化,是应用“双层级”村庄分类理论模型的重要条件。研究提出,“双层级”村庄分类方法由“政策判定+潜力评估+镇村酝酿”的自然聚落分类方法、“占比测算+矩阵构建+系统聚类”的自然聚落→行政村类型转换方法、二次镇村酝酿基础上的行政村分类方案生成方法等共同组成,具体的分类流程需落实聚落定性、聚落测评、聚落分类、类型转换、行政村分类等5项主要环节。理论模型在山南市乃东区国土空间规划中得到了实际应用,识别出5类自然聚落,制定了主导式与并重式的两种行政村类型认定规则,提出了“融保聚改”的四类型行政村分类方案。分类过程及工作成果得到地方积极正面反馈,验证了“双层级”方法的有效性。该研究旨在丰富市县国土空间规划的村庄分类布局思路。

Thoughts on Pairing Assistance to Tibet for Promoting Agricultural High-quality Development in Southern Tibet from the Perspective of Agricultural Power

In the new era,there is an urgent need to further promote pairing assistance to Tibet,promote the simultaneous construction of a strong agriculture in Tibet and the China's Mainland,and compose a Chinese-style modernization.Southern Tibet,located in the southeastern part of the Tibet Autonomous Region,includes Shannan City and Nyingchi City,is a region assisted by four provincial partners including Hubei Province.This paper introduces the agricultural environment in southern Tibet,studies its agricultural characteristics,and analyzes the main issues of its pairing assistance.Taking forging the strong consciousness of the Chinese national community as the main line,the paper explores strategies for promoting agricultural high-quality development in southern Tibet through pairing assistance to Tibet from the perspective of agricultural power,and proposes some strategies,such as inheriting agricultural cultural heritage,promoting the upgrading of modern seed industry,enhancing the characteristic advantages of highland barley(naked barley)and animal husbandry industries,and developing edible fungi and cold water fish industries.

基于多情景分析的西藏山南地区碳达峰预测及路径研究

以西藏山南地区为研究对象,通过构建GM-ImPACT模型,根据不同情景下山南市碳排放峰值预测结果,提出达峰路径和具体的政策建议。研究结果表明,在当前经济增速的基础上,配合强减排策略是山南市获得碳达峰的最优路径。预计山南市提前10年于2024年实现碳达峰,碳排放总量减少20.72%,碳排放强度的下降幅度比全国高7.89个百分点。所提模型框架可用于探索其他城市的碳达峰最优路径。

How urbanization affect the ecosystem health of Tibet based on terrain gradients:a case study of Shannan,China

Urbanization has significant impacts on ecosystem health(ESH)by affecting land-use patterns.The evaluation of the ESH and the spatial correlations between human interference provides an insight into sustainable development as a response to potential ecological degradation if ESH is threatened by further urbanization.We applied the Vigor-Organization-Resilience-Services(VORS)modelto detect the responses of ESH of Shannan Prefecture in the Tibet to urbanization from 1990 to 2015,based on different levels of terrain gradients.The results show that the ESH of the most areas in Shannan reaches the levels of highest health and average health during the study period.By 2015,the area proportion at the highest health level increased by 0.68%,while that of degraded level decreased by 1.51%.Overall,the ESH of areas tends to shrink at higher-level TGs,and urban sprawl with ESH shrinking existed in middle-level TGs in Shannan.Furthermore,a significant spatial aggregation effect was found concerning that low ESH-high CUL type is mainly distributed on the middle-level TGs with dense human population.The results highlight the needs to rationally organize urbanization process in plateau regions based on different TGs,which contribute to maintain ESH advancing people livelihood improvement.

唐肃代德时期中央与山南东道节帅互动关系研究——以《陈皆墓志》为线索的考察

清代大儒王夫之曾论:“唐藩镇之抗不受代图不轨者,盖自瑱始。”后世学者颇承袭此观点,然瑱是否抗不受代或图不轨,恐有商榷的余地。《陈皆墓志》记载肃、代、德时期中央与山南东道节帅互动之事,故以此为线索作考察。肃宗突然放弃韦伦而改用来瑱为此地节帅,瑱后因逗挠肃宗援“汉宣故事”治下致被代宗赐死;其后所部争权夺位,最后由梁崇义继任节帅,然崇义不久亦反叛,此均为皇帝与节帅互相猜疑、博弈的结果。陈皆作为属州刺史,始终忠于朝廷。其在来瑱逗挠朝旨时未离开,可证瑱并未图不轨。在朝廷平定梁崇义及李希烈叛乱中,陈皆亦起到一定的作用,可见中晚唐藩镇不敢轻易反叛,反叛也不易成功,当与这些忠唐官吏的向背大有关系。

山南市固边型城镇建设与发展研究

山南市固边型城镇建设的主要任务即深入贯彻落实新时代党的治藏方略、着力构建西藏固边兴边富民行动示范区。在党中央关心、对口援藏省市大力援助和全市各族群众共同努力下,山南市逐步形成了固边型城镇行政体系。但由于山南边境地区自然条件恶劣、人口相对短缺、经济基础薄弱、社会发展迟缓等因素,边境城镇呈现出数量少、空间规模小、公共设施不全、区域聚集力和辐射力不足等状况,尚处于起步阶段。提升山南市固边型城镇建设与发展水平,需从多方着力:坚守山南市发展的四项基本原则、统筹处理好四对关系的基础上,以美丽乡村建设为契机,改善山南边境自然生态环境;扩大边境城镇人口规模,推动边境地区群众就地城镇化;以“强基固边”“富民兴边”为重要发展理念,全力推进城镇产业建设;提升完善边境地区基本公共服务水平,优化固边型城镇的社会结构;根据国家战略需求构建多层级边境城镇体系,以高标准建设山南市固边型城镇,力争山南市强边固边兴边富民行动走在全区前列。

山南市扎囊县沙地生态治理及种子丸粒化技术研究应用

沙漠化和土地退化是当今全球面临的严重环境问题之一,对生态系统稳定性、农业生产和社会可持续发展构成严重威胁。西藏自治区处于中国的高原地带,拥有壮丽的自然景观和丰富的生态资源,但也面临着沙漠化和土地沙漠化的严重问题,其中扎囊县是受影响最严重的地区之一。扎囊县地处山南市,其干旱气候和土地沙漠化已经严重影响当地的生态环境和农业可持续发展。该研究旨在探讨山南市扎囊县沙地生态治理及种子丸粒化技术的研究和应用,以寻求有效的生态修复方法,恢复土地生态平衡,减轻沙漠化问题的影响。

西藏山南市辣椒引种比较试验

为筛选出适合西藏山南市气候和消费习惯的优质高产辣椒品种,对引种的10个辣椒品种进行了抗病性、果实性状、产量和经济效益对比分析。结果发现,10个品种及对照品种均抗CMV、TMV、疫病,中抗炭疽病;‘博辣皱线2号’、‘博辣皱线3号’、‘兴蔬早惠’、‘兴蔬211’等4个品种以及对照品种均为羊角形辣椒品种,‘兴蔬皱皮辣’、‘兴蔬皱辣2号’、‘兴蔬皱香辣’、‘兴蔬玉椒香’等4个品种为牛角形辣椒品种,‘福湘秀丽’和‘福湘碧秀’属于粗牛角形辣椒品种;‘兴蔬皱辣2号’、‘兴蔬211’、‘兴蔬皱皮辣’、‘博辣皱线3号’等4个品种折合每667 m2鲜椒产量分别为3117 kg、3062 kg、3243 kg、3109 kg;‘兴蔬玉椒香’、‘兴蔬皱香辣’、‘福湘碧秀’、‘福湘秀丽’、‘博辣皱线2号’、‘博辣皱线3号’等6个品种折合每667 m^(2)利润分别为8212元、9500元、5548元、6260元、2907元、4827元,经济效益均超过了对照品种‘嘎玉2号’。结果表明,‘博辣皱线3号’的商品性较好、抗病性较强、产量高、效益高,适宜在西藏山南市进行示范并大面积推广应用。

日粮中添加富硒桑叶粉对陕南白山羊屠宰性状和肌肉脂肪酸的影响

[目的]研究日粮中添加富硒蛋白桑叶粉对陕南白山羊屠宰性状指标、肌肉理化特性指标及肌肉脂肪酸和硒含量的影响。[方法]将30只3月龄陕南白山羊羯羊随机分为对照组和富硒桑叶组,每组15只;对照组饲喂基础日粮,富硒桑叶组在基础日粮中添加15%的富硒蛋白桑叶粉;试验期为60 d,预饲期15 d,正饲期45 d;试验结束时进行屠宰试验,测定屠宰性状及肌肉理化特性指标;采集试验羊背最长肌,测定肌肉脂肪酸含量和硒含量。[结果]日粮中添加15%的富硒蛋白桑叶粉可显著(P<0.05)提高陕南白山羊肌肉pH1 h值和失水率;富硒桑叶组的眼肌面积和胴体重大于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在2组山羊的背最长肌中检测到19种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸5种,不饱和脂肪酸14种;2组山羊肌肉中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸及多不饱和脂肪酸含量占脂肪酸总含量的比例相似,分别约为28%、67%、5%;富硒桑叶组肌肉中的γ-亚麻酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,但脂肪酸总含量低于对照组。与对照组相比,富硒桑叶组肌肉中硒含量有所升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);富硒桑叶组(0.0713 mg/kg)和对照组(0.0660 mg/kg)背最长肌硒含量均达到陕西省含硒肉类食品标准。[结论]在陕南白山羊日粮中添加15%桑叶粉可在一定程度上改善产肉量、促进硒在肌肉中的富集、减少胴体脂肪沉积,但由于肌肉失水率显著升高,需在储存和运输过程中尽量避免水分丢失。

雅鲁藏布江山南宽谷流域生态安全格局构建

山南宽谷流域是雅鲁藏布江主要宽谷之一,特殊的地理环境致使该流域既是严重的土地沙化生态脆弱区,也是重要的沿江经济发展带,构建合理的生态安全格局可为未来生态功能提升与经济发展提供依据参考。以山南宽谷流域为研究对象,基于生态系统服务价值和生态敏感性评价,识别出生态源地,利用最小累积阻力值确定了生态安全区并识别生态廊道,构建山南宽谷流域2020年生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)山南宽谷流域生态源地面积为1089.68 km^(2),主要分布于贡嘎县、扎囊县和乃东区内的草场和林区。(2)在山南宽谷流域内建立了高、较高、中等、较低、低水平生态安全区,分别占流域总面积的24.74%、51.24%、10.31%、5.43%、8.28%,不同生态安全区应采取不同的措施以保证生态环境的安全。(3)识别出总长4720.08 km的105条生态廊道,与生态源地、生源点和生态安全区共同构成山南宽谷流域生态安全格局。(4)结合土地利用现状建议山南宽谷流域南岸进行适度产业开发,北岸以生态保护为主,并提出构建“一地一场两区四园”的发展格局。

西藏自治区山南地区鲜食玉米品种筛选鉴定

为筛选适宜山南地区种植的鲜食玉米品种,引进7个鲜食玉米品种在山南地区进行栽培试验,考察各品种的生育期、农艺性状、产量和品质,结果表明:7个品种在山南加查县均能正常成熟,适应性好,全生育期为112~118 d。其中“华耐甜玉782”“小布丁”和“美珍206”鲜穗产量为1462.6~1549.0 kg/667 m^(2),分别较对照增产13.6%,7.9%,7.3%,果穗商品性及品质表现较好,建议在山南地区进一步试验与推广。

不同材质地膜在山南市玉米栽培上的试验初报

为进一步探究不同材质地膜覆盖对西藏玉米生长发育、产量及生产效益的影响,筛选出适宜山南玉米生产应用的可降解地膜,以露地玉米栽培为对照,设置6种不同地膜处理进行田间对比试验。结果表明,在西藏山南温带季风半干旱区种植玉米,采取地膜覆盖促增效应更显著,地膜覆盖可以有效促进玉米生长发育,缩短生育期,提高正常成熟的安全性,籽粒单产较露地(CK)增幅达101.2%~128.0%,净收益在967.8~1 476.2元/667 m^(2),产投比1.30~1.45;其中聚乙烯黑膜的生产效益略高,生态降解膜(慢)、生态降解膜(中)、全生物降解膜及聚乙烯白膜间的单产和生产效益相当,本地区玉米生产可因地制宜地推广应用上述地膜。

山南市鲜食甜、糯玉米新品种引种试验

为筛选出适宜山南市沿江谷地种植的鲜食甜、糯玉米新品种,满足生产和市场消费对优良品种的需求,特从内地引进9个鲜食甜、糯玉米新品种,在山南市乃东区开展品种大区对比试验,试验结果显示:研究区露地地膜覆盖、育苗移栽种植鲜食甜糯玉米宜选用生育期在130 d以内的品种,参试品种“SHZR270”“雪甜7401”“金银早2020”“华甜玉3号”“雪甜232”“SHZR281”的生育期适宜、外观品质优、穗大粒满、农艺性状好,可在同生态区推广种植;结合气象资料推测,保温育苗的适宜播种期在4月下旬至5月初。

西藏山南市河湖长制工作实践和探索

自2017年全面推行河湖长制以来,山南市在落实工作责任、整治侵占河湖、恢复自然岸线和改善河湖面貌等方面取得了显著成效,但也存在运行机制仍不顺畅、基层保障不足等问题。本文从组织体系建设、健全工作机制、加强宣传引导、开展河湖治理、强化监管执法等方面介绍西藏山南市在全面推进河湖长制工作中的具体做法和经验,并针对当前河湖长制工作方面存在的主要困难和问题提出了对策和建议。