Experimental study on thermal and mechanical properties of tailings-based cemented paste backfill with CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials

CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the CPB with CEV added was prepared,and the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CPB with different cement-tailing ratios and CEV addition ratios were tested,the influence of the above variables on the thermal and mechanical properties of CPB was analyzed.The results show that the maximum encapsulation capacity of expanded vermiculite for CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O is about 60%,and the melting and solidification enthalpies of CEV can reach 98.87 J/g and 97.56 J/g,respectively.For the CPB without CEV,the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and UCS decrease with the decrease of cement-tailing ratio.For the CPB with CEV added,with the increase of CEV addition ratio,the specific heat capacity increases significantly,and the sensible heat storage capacity and latent heat storage capacity can be increased by at least 10.74%and 218.97%respectively after adding 12%CEV.However,the addition of CEV leads to the increase of pores,and the thermal conductivity and UCS both decrease with the increase of CEV addition.When cement-tailing ratio is 1:8 and 6%,9%,and 12%of CEV are added,the 28-days UCS of CPB is less than 1 MPa.Considering the heat storage capacity and cost price of backfill,the recommended proportion scheme of CPB material presents cement-tailing ratio of 1:6 and 12%CEV,and the most recommended heat storage/release temperature cycle range of CPB with added CEV is from 20 to 40℃.This work can provide theoretical basis for the utilization of heat storage backfill in green mines.

Preparation and Properties of Paraffin/PMMA Shape-stabilized Phase Change Material for Building Thermal Energy Storage

The composite phase change material(PCM) consisting of phase change paraffin(PCP) and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) was prepared as a novel type of shape-stabilized PCM for building energy conservation through the method of bulk polymerization. The chemical structure, morphology, phase change temperature and enthalpy, and mechanical properties of the composite PCM were studied to evaluate the encapsulation effect of PMMA on PCP and determine the optimal composition proportion. FTIR and SEM results revealed that PCP was physically immobilized in the PMMA so that its leakage from the composite was prevented. Based on the thermo-physical and mechanical properties investigations, the optimal mass fraction of PCP in the composite was determined as 70%. The phase change temperature of the composite was close to that of PCP, and its latent heat was equivalent to the calculated value according to the mass fraction of PCP in the composite. For estimating the usability in practical engineering, thermal stability, reliability and temperature regulation performance of the composite were also researched by TG analysis, thermal cycling treatments and heating-cooling test. The results indicated that PCP/PMMA composite PCM behaved good thermal stability depending on the PMMA protection and its latent heat degraded little after 500 thermal cycling. Temperature regulation performance of the composite before and after thermal cycling was both noticeable due to its latent heat absorption and release in the temperature variation processes. The PCP/PMMA phase change plate was fabricated and applied as thermal insulator in miniature concrete box to estimate its temperature regulation effect under the simulated environmental condition. It can be concluded that this kind of PCP/PMMA shape-stabilized PCM with the advantages of no leakage, suitable phase change temperature and enthalpy, good thermal stability and reliability, and effective temperature regulation performance have much potential for thermal energy storage in building energy conservation.

Melting Intercalation Method to Prepare Lauric Acid/Organophilic Montmorillonite Shape-stabilized Phase Change Material

A kind of novel shape-stabilized phase change material （SSPCM） was prepared by using a melting intercalation technique. This kind of SSPCM was made of lauric acid （LA） as a phase change material and organophilic montmorillonite （OMMT） as a support material. And the thermal properties and morphology of the SSPCM were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, scanning electronic microscope （SEM）, scanning calorimeter （DSC）, and differential thermal cravimetry （TG）. The DSC result shows that the phase change temperature of the SSPCM is close to that of LA, and its latent heat is equivalent to that of the calculated value based on the mass ratio of LA measured by TG. The XRD, SEM and TEM results demonstrate that the LA intercalates into the silicate layers of the OMMT, thus forming a typically intercalted hybrid, which can restrict the molecular chain of the LA within the structure of OMMT at high temperature. And consequently SSPCM can keep its solid state during its solid-liquid phase change processing.

A New Kind of Shape-stabilized Phase Change Materials

Based on the lowest melting point and Schroeder’s theoretical calculation formula,nano- modified organic composite phase change materials（PCMs）were prepared.The phase transition temperature and the latent heat of the materials were 24℃and 172 J/g,respectively.A new shape-stabilized phase change materials were prepared,using high density polyethylene as supporting material.The PCM kept the shape when temperature was higher than melting point.Thus,it can directly contact with heat transfer media.The structure,morphology and thermal behavior of PCM were analyzed by FTIR,SEM and DSC.

Shaped Insulating Refractory Products——Determination of Permanent Linear Change on Heating

1 Scope This standard covers the definition, technical requirement, apparatus, specimen, test procedure, calculation and test report on permanent linear change of shaped insulating refractory products.

Dense Shaped Refractory Products——Test Method of Linear Changes on Reheating

This Standard specifies methods for the determination of the linear changes on reheating of a dense shaped refractory product.

Selective triggering of phase change in dielectrics by femtosecond pulse trains based on electron dynamics control

In this study we experimentally reveal that the phase change mechanism can be selectively triggered by shaping femtosecond pulse trains based on electron dynamics control （EDC）, including manipulation of excitations, ionizations, densities, and temperatures of electrons. By designing the pulse energy distribution to adjust the absorptions, excitations, ionizations, and recombinations of electrons, the dominant phase change mechanism experiences transition from nonthermal to thermal process. This phenomenon is observed in quadruple, triple, and double pulses per train ablation of fused silica separately. This opens up possibilities for controlling phase change mechanisms by EDC, which is of great significance in laser processing of dielectrics and fabrication of integrated nano- and micro-optical devices.

Effect of different heat transfer fluids on discharging performance of phase change material included cylindrical container during forced convection

In the present work,effects of various heat transfer fluids on the discharging performance of a phase change material(PCM) included cylindrical container are numerically assessed during forced convection.The heat transfer fluid air,hydrogen,water and nanofluid with alumina particles are used and the the geometric variation of the PCM embedded region is also considered.The finite element method is used as the solver.Dynamic features of heat exchange with various phases are explored for different heat transfer fluid types,Reynolds number(between 100 and 300) and PCM embedded region geometric variation(h_(x)between 0.01 d_(1) and 0.65 d_(1),hybetween 0.1 h_(1) and 0.4 h_(1)).It is observed that discharging time is significantly influenced by the heat transfer fluid type while full phase transition time for air is obtained as more than 10 times when hydrogen is utilized as heat transfer fluid.The best performance is achieved with nanofluid.When the PCM integrated region size is reduced,discharging time is generally reduced while due to the form of the geometry,vortex formation is established in the PCM region.This results in performance degeneration at the highest radius and height of the inner cylinder.Discharging time increases by about 12% when radius of the inner cylinder is increased from h_(x)=0.35 d_(1) to h_(x)=0.45 d_(1).Dynamic features of PCM temperature and liquid fraction are affected with Reynolds number while discharging time is reduced by about 48% when configurations with the lowest and highest Reynolds number are compared.

废旧发泡混凝土定型相变材料制备及热性能研究

为规模化消纳城市固体废弃物,降低废旧发泡混凝土大量堆积对城市生态环境的破坏。提出以废旧发泡混凝土作为骨架材料,对其进行预烧结处理,以Na_(2)CO_(3)为相变材料制备定型相变材料。结果表明:废旧发泡混凝土可以负载质量分数为45%的Na_(2)CO_(3);差示扫描量热法(DSC)测得该定型相变材料的熔化潜热为126.7 J/g;X射线衍射法(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外法(FT-IR)表明,骨架材料和相变材料之间有良好的化学相容性;激光导热分析法(LFA)测得该定型相变材料的导热系数最大为0.24 W/(m·K)。

气候政策协同对区域经济高质量发展影响研究

基于政策协同视角,本文以2007—2020年中国30个省(区、市)为研究对象,构建经济高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值法测度区域经济高质量发展水平,并运用双固定效应模型进行实证分析,以探究气候政策对区域经济高质量发展的影响。研究表明:气候政策协同对区域经济高质量发展呈现先抑制后促进的“U”型影响;当气候政策协同水平高于7.9时,对区域经济高质量发展的促进作用开始凸显;气候政策协同水平对中西部地区的经济高质量发展呈现出“U”型影响,而对东部地区作用不显著;后巴黎时代气候政策协同对区域经济高质量发展的影响愈发显著。因此,要加强气候政策顶层设计,实现自上而下纵向协同;要利用政治优势和体制基础,加强政策主体横向协同;要建立跨区域、跨部门协调机制,实现信息资源充分流动,实现应对气候变化与区域经济高质量发展的“双赢”。

硅藻土基定形相变材料的制备及应用进展

硅藻土是硅藻植物经过漫长的沉积成岩而形成的一种非金属矿物。硅藻土具有丰富微孔、耐高温、耐腐蚀性、价格低廉和资源丰富等优点,作为一种良好的吸附载体材料而受到广泛关注。介绍了硅藻土的结构特点并归纳了硅藻土常见的几种改性方法,综述了硅藻土基定形相变材料的种类及制备方法,总结了该材料在建筑领域的应用进展,分析了现阶段硅藻土基定形相变材料研究中存在的问题,并提出未来工作中需要关注的重点,以期为其规模化推广应用提供参考。

棕榈酸定形复合相变材料研究进展

棕榈酸因存在热导率低和物态相变时易泄漏的缺点,限制了其在诸多领域的发展和应用。棕榈酸定形复合相变材料以支撑材料为基体,将棕榈酸分散在基体材料中,不仅有效解决棕榈酸的泄漏问题,而且基体材料的加入还能提高复合相变材料的热导率。综述了基于不同基体材料的棕榈酸定形复合相变材料的研究进展,指出了棕榈酸定形复合相变材料的不足之处,并展望了其未来研究方向。

定形相变材料储热性能和强化传热研究进展

潜热蓄热技术被视为缓解能源供需矛盾的有效措施,其利用相变材料在相变过程中吸热/放热来实现能量的存储和释放,在建筑节能、温室控温、调温服装等领域具有极大的应用潜力。归纳了定形相变材料的种类和特点,对多孔基相变材料、微胶囊相变材料和聚合物基相变材料等制备技术及储热性能的研究进展进行了综述,分析了定形相变材料制备过程中存在的问题,介绍了定形相变材料的强化传热方法,最后讨论了今后研究工作的重点并展望了定形相变材料的发展前景。

PEG4000/聚苯胺形状稳定复合相变材料的制备及其储热性能

以聚苯胺气凝胶(PANI)为支撑骨架,聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)为相变材料,银纳米线(AgNWs)为导热增强填料,采用低温氧化聚合法和真空浸渍法制备得到具有良好形状和循环稳定性的定形相变复合材料PEG4000@Ag/PANI.聚苯胺气凝胶的高孔隙率及PEG4000与基体材料间的氢键作用和毛细作用,使得相变复合材料的最高负载率能够达到94.17%(熔融焓为165.17 J·g^(–1),凝固焓为152.77 J·g^(–1));加入AgNWs与PANI气凝胶共同搭建导热通路,提高了相变复合材料的导热性能(热导率最高为0.45 W·m^(–1)·K^(–1),比纯PEG4000提高80%);借助Ag NWs和聚苯胺优异的光吸收能力,相变复合材料的光–热转换效率达到90.61%.高储能密度、高光热转换能力和高热导率定形相变复合材料的成功制备为新型相变复合材料的合成提供了新思路,为太阳能光–热转换和储能应用提供了新材料,实现对太阳能的高效利用.

气相二氧化硅/三元无机水合盐定型相变材料的制备及性能表征

以气相二氧化硅作为多孔吸附材料,对十二水磷酸氢二钠/五水偏硅酸钠/十水碳酸钠低共熔相变材料进行封装,通过控制气相二氧化硅含量,制备出不同吸附量的气相二氧化硅/三元无机水合盐定型相变材料。通过差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪和热重分析仪等多种测试手段,对定型相变材料的性能和结构进行表征。研究结果表明:气相二氧化硅的最佳含量为25%(质量分数),该条件下定型相变材料相变焓为95.96J/g;三元无机水合盐相变材料与气相二氧化硅只是单纯的物理混合,并未发生化学反应产生新物质,制备的定型相变热稳定性较好。

基于形状改变能密度的岩石强度准则研究

分析砂岩在常规三轴压缩试验过程中弹性应变能密度、体积改变能密度和形状改变能密度的演化规律,根据峰值形状改变能密度与围压的线性变化关系建立形状改变能密度岩石强度准则。结果表明:(1)体积改变能密度与形状改变能密度,在峰前阶段逐渐增加,峰后急剧下降;(2)形状改变能密度强度准则参数物理意义明确,且可通过参数变换转化为经典的Hoek-Brown准则;(3)形状改变能密度强度准则计算结果与8种不同类型岩石的常规三轴压缩试验结果基本一致,验证了准则的精确性和适用性。

再谈“变形义化”

“变形义化”是指古汉字形体在发展演变中,将部分形体故意改造成与其形体接近的、可以迎合字义的构形成分的一种构形现象。与“变形音化”相比,学界对“变形义化”现象只是偶有提及,鲜少关注。文章通过揭示“辤”“牖”“宝”“皷”“筋”等字形体在发展演变过程中所呈现出的“变形义化”现象,初步指出了“变形义化”的不同类型、时代特点等,以期能引起学界对这一现象的重视,并对其字例和性质特点进行更多、更细致的归纳和总结。

从绍兴书圣故里南入口的时代变迁看古城更新保护

绍兴书圣故里街区是国内完整保存的具有二千余年城市肌理的历史街区。随着城市化进程,沿萧山街河南侧的书圣故里南入口地块近三十年经历了巨大的变化。从低矮的民居演变到绍兴有名的杂货一条街,再到20世纪90年代绍兴第一高楼王朝大酒店和新华书店在这里树立,城市风貌的变化在这里尤为激烈。随着时代的变迁,这些影响古城风貌的高层建筑被拆除,书圣故里的南入口又被重新打开。南入口的建筑与风貌被重新赋予了符合历史和时代的新含义,通过绍兴书圣故里南入口的历史溯源和建筑风貌再塑,从古城空间、高度、视线、历史溯源等多重角度的研究成为了古城历史风貌区的保护和更新的重要基础。通过对绍兴书圣故里南入口整体打造思路的分析,为古城历史街区的研究和更新保护做出了一个鲜活的案例。

影响多孔定型相变储能材料性能的因素分析

太阳能作为一种可再生能源,因其在解决日益增长的能源需求和温室气体排放方面的巨大潜力受到越来越多的关注。然而,太阳自身的间歇性和随机性大大限制了太阳能的转换和储存效率。近年来,基于固-液相变储能材料的潜热储存系统,由于具有高储热密度和出色的化学稳定性,有望成为提高太阳能吸收和转换的合适方法。但固-液相变储能材料在实际应用中常受到自身相分离、换热速率低、过冷、熔融状态泄漏、性能不稳定等限制。其中一种解决方法是将多孔载体与固-液相变储能材料相结合来制备多孔定型相变储能材料。介绍了相变储能材料的储能机理和传热强化机理,系统分析了多孔载体材料的种类、制备方法对多孔定型相变储能材料的影响及其潜在应用。

规训与新生--民国教育革新视域下学生形象塑造与服制变化

在中国近代社会的变革中,教育革新使学生群体从封建帝制下只为求取功名的书生,转变为中华民族思想觉醒的中坚力量和爱国运动中的关键角色。新教育体制下,学校从体育、智育、德育与美育方面对学生的内在思想与外在形象进行全面的教育重塑。其中,对学生形象的塑造包含了身体规训与服饰制度两个维度。教育部在1912年、1918年、1929年和1937年先后拟定、修正和颁布了统一的学校学生制服规程,对不同年龄、不同学习阶段学生穿着的制服形制加以规范。本文即以近代这一重要的教育革新时期为视角,梳理了民国新教育背景下制定与施行“学生制服规程”的动因、理念及内容,并进一步探讨它对于学生形象塑造及其精神构铸的重要意义,以期对我们今天探索如何结合各地文化特色进行多样性校服设计提供一定的启示。