DEFICIENT INFORMATION MODELING OF MECHANICAL PRODUCTS FOR CONCEPTUAL SHAPE DESIGN

In allusion to the deficient feature of product information in conceptualdesign, a framework of deficient information modeling for conceptual shape design is put forward,which includes qualitative shape modeling (a qualitative solid model), uncertain shape modeling (anuncertain relation model) and imprecise shape modeling (an imprecise region model). In theframework, the qualitative solid model is the core, which represents qualitatively (using symbols)the conceptual shapes of mechanical products. The uncertain relation model regarding domainrelations as objects and the imprecise region model regarding domains as objects are used to dealwith the uncertain and imprecise issues respectively, which arise from qualitative shape modeling orexist in product information itself.

Exact mesh shape design of large cable-network antenna reflectors with flexible ring truss supports

An exact-designed mesh shape with favorable surface accuracy is of practical significance to the performance of large cable-network antenna reflectors. In this study, a novel design approach that could guide the generation of exact spatial parabolic mesh configurations of such reflector was proposed. By incorporating the traditional force density method with the standard finite element method, this proposed approach had taken the deformation effects of flexible ring truss supports into consideration, and searched for the desired mesh shapes that can satisfy the requirement that all the free nodes are exactly located on the objective paraboloid. Compared with the conventional design method,a remarkable improvement of surface accuracy in the obtained mesh shapes had been demonstrated by numerical examples. The present work would provide a helpful technical reference for the mesh shape design of such cable-network antenna reflector in engineering practice.

Shape design of the reinforcement for bending load-carrying capacity of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load

To improve the bending load-carrying capacity （ BLCC） of under-matched butt joint under four-point bending load in the elastic stage, the shape design of the reinforcement is studied based on the theoretics of mechanics of materials. The concept, criterion, realization condition and design proposal of equal bending load-carrying capacity （EBLCC） are put forward. The theoretical analysis results have been verified by the finite element method. The simulation results are coincident basically with the ones of theoretical analysis. The research results show that the shape design of the reinforcement of EBLCC can improve BLCC of under-matched butt joint and the unilateral-side type reinforcement can replace double-side symmetry

Study on Shape Design of Shouzhou Kiln Porcelain Based on Shape Grammar and Genetic Constraints

In order to expand the development of the Shouzhou kiln porcelain market and meet the diverse needs of the crowd,a deduction model for the shape design of Shouzhou kiln porcelain under the effect of shape grammar and genetic constraints was constructed.Based on the shape classification of the original samples of Shouzhou kiln porcelain,the characteristic genes of Shouzhou kiln porcelain were analyzed,and genetic constraints were determined.By extracting the shape characteristics of the porcelain and combining the questionnaires,the initial shape was screened and brought into the shape grammar deduction rule library.Under the dual effect of genetic constraints and deduction rules,the preliminary plans were generated.Finally,the preliminary plans were further screened and optimized by the fuzzy evaluation method to obtain the best plan.The shape grammar and product gene constraints were applied to the shape design of Shouzhou kiln porcelain.While inheriting and expanding the shape of Shouzhou kiln porcelain,it verified the effectiveness of the theory in design and application,and helps to improve the continuous innovation of designers and enterprises.

ExquiMo： An Exquisite Corpse Tool for Collaborative 3D Shape Design

We introduce ExquiMo, a collaborative modeling tool which enables novice users to work together to generate interesting, and even creative, 3D shapes. Inspired by an Exquisite Corpse gameplay, our tool allocates distinct parts of a shape to multiple players who model the assigned parts in a sequence. Our approach is motivated by the understanding that effective surprise leads to creative outcomes. Hence, to maintain the surprise factor of the output, we conceal the previously modeled parts from the most recent player. Part designs from individual players are fused together to produce an often unexpected and novel end result. We investigate the effectiveness of collaboration on the output designs by conducting a sequence of user studies to validate the hypotheses formed based on our research questions. Results of the user studies are supportive of our hypotheses that multi-user collaborative 3D modeling via ExquiMo tends to lead to more creative novice designs according to the commonly used criteria for creativity： novelty and surprise.

Implementation of Some Methods of Shape Design for Variational Inequalities

In this paper we present some results concerning the optimal shape design problem governed by the fourth-order variational inequalities. The problem can be considered as a model example for the design of the shapes for elastic-plastic problem. The computations are done by finite element method, and the performance criterion is minimized by the material derivative method. We also discuss the error estimates in the appropriate norm and present some numerical results. An example is used to clearly illustrate the essential elements of shape design problems.

Novel Annulus-shaped Flexure Pivot in Rotation Application and Dimensionless Design

Large-deflection flexure pivot is widely used in high precision rotation application, but there are less flexure configurations and simple and convenient design methods, This paper presents a novel large-deflection curved-compliant annulus-shaped flexure pivot composed of six curved beam flexure elements. It can offer more than lO^angular stroke theoretically. Firstly, main-motion pseudo-rigid-body method is introduced to establish the flexure pivot model. Although pseudo-rigid-body method can be used to analyze the large-deformation flexure pivot performance, the method is definitely a laborious and difficult task for designing this novel flexure pivot. In order to simply the designing process, dimension-design graphs based on the parametric models and finite element analysis is presented. Using the dimension-design method as a tool, the designers can determine the optimal geometry rapidly, based on the stiffness and rotation demands of an annulus-shaped flexure pivot. Finally, dimension-design graph examples are given whose primary design aims to achieve a rotation stroke of annulus-shaped flexure pivot. The finite element analysis results show that the relative designing error between anticipative rotation stroke and graph design result is less than 4%. The dimensionless method used in designing annulus-shaped flexure pivot can reduce design process in both time and complexity. The novel annulus-shaped flexure pivot and dimension-design method are helpful supplement to configuration and design method of large-deflection flexure pivot.

Shape Optimal Design of Hydrodynamic Bearing Based on Dynamic Characteristics

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Improved design of special boundary elements for T-shaped reinforced concrete walls

This study examines the design provisions of the Chinese GB 50011-2010 code for seismic design of buildings for the special boundary elements of T-shaped reinforced concrete walls and proposes an improved design method. Comparison of the design provisions of the GB 50011-2010 code and those of the American code ACI 318-14 indicates a possible deficiency in the T-shaped wall design provisions in GB 50011-2010. A case study of a typical T-shaped wall designed in accordance with GB 50011-2010 also indicates the insufficient extent of the boundary element at the non-flange end and overly conservative design of the flange end boundary element. Improved designs for special boundary elements ofT-shaped walls are developed using a displacement-based method. The proposed design formulas produce a longer boundary element at the non-flange end and a shorter boundary element at the flange end, relative to those of the GB 50011-2010 provisions. Extensive numerical analysis indicates that T-shaped walls designed using the proposed formulas develop inelastic drift of 0.01 for both cases of the flange in compression and in tension.

Shape Anisotropy and Resonance Mode Guided Reliable Interconnect Design for In-plane Magnetic Logic

Dipole coupled nanomagnets controlled by the static Zeeman field can form various magnetic logic interconnects.However, the corner wire interconnect is often unreliable and error-prone at room temperature. In this study, we address this problem by making it into a reliable type with trapezoid-shaped nanomagnets, the shape anisotropy of which helps to offer the robustness. The building method of the proposed corner wire interconnect is discussed,and both its static and dynamic magnetization properties are investigated. Static micromagnetic simulation demonstrates that it can work correctly and reliably. Dynamic response results are reached by imposing an ac microwave field on the proposed corner wire. It is found that strong ferromagnetic resonance absorption appears at a low frequency. With the help of a very small ac field with the peak resonance frequency, the required static Zeeman field to switch the corner wire is significantly decreased by ~21 m T. This novel interconnect would pave the way for the realization of reliable and low power nanomagnetic logic circuits.

Structure Design of Shaped Charge for Requirements of Concrete Crater Diameter

When shaped charge penetrats into concrete,crater diameter must meet certain requirements.By using theories of shaped jet formation and crater diameter growth during jet penetrating concrete,we revealed the thresholds of the velocity and diameter of jet head,and therefore obtained the related structure parameters of top liner,so that shaped charge structure was developed.We built a?60mm copper liner and a?142mm Ti-alloy liner which followed the rules of 0.6cal and 0.7cal in-crater diameter.respectively.X-ray experiment and penetration test results showed that the parameters of jet head were consistent with the results of theoretical analysis.The in-crater diameter of?60mm shaped charge reached 36 mm,and the?142mm one reached 100 mm.They both met the design requirements.

Individuality of Landscape Art Design from the Perspective of Shape,Color and Ambience

Individuality is the soul of landscape design,it originates from life,characterized by uniqueness and originality,invented in human brain,and closely related to cultural development.Designers try to invent their own styles different from the others’by changing color and form.Individuality is demonstrated in all elements of the design,such as materials,image,color,expression way,and artistic ambience.Relative to content and form,color,shape and ambience as formal elements become the breakthrough of creating individuality.

Modified shape-based method for three-dimensional trajectory design

Although the shape-based method has been proven to be useful for low-thrust trajectory design,and be capable to provide near-optimal solution for a more accurate trajectory optimization method,it is slightly non-effective when used in some 3D cases.In this paper,a modified 3D shape-based method is proposed for earth trajectory design.In this approach,in consideration of the sinusoidal periodic variation in z direction of actual trajectory,a new exponential sinusoid model is chosen for the out-of-plane motion,with four coefficients such that four scalar out-of-plane boundary conditions can be satisfied.After deriving the 3D shape-based procedure,low-thrust trajectory design example with modest inclination change is given.The results demonstrate that this modified approach is feasible for the transfer trajectory design,and comparing to the former shape-based method,the z direction solution is more coincident with the actual situation,furthermore,the solution may be used for further mission planning,trajectory evaluation and optimization.

非晶合金药型罩的射流仿真及结构设计

采用Ls-dyna软件中的光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法对非晶合金药型罩的射流成形进行数值仿真,侵彻仿真用软件中的多物质ALE算法和流固耦合,并进行试验验证。结果表明:72°锥角非晶合金药型罩的射流形态、性能更好,射流为连续性非凝聚态,锥角为72°,壁厚为2.5 mm的非晶合金药型罩穿深约为铜药型罩的86%,孔径约为铜药型罩的1.46倍,仿真结果与试验结果误差小于10%。药型罩中部对非晶合金射流成形和性能影响最大。根据非晶合金射流特征设计了一种新型药型罩结构,其侵彻45#钢穿深比锥形非晶合金药型罩提高约12%,达到相同锥角的锥形铜药型罩的穿深,孔径比铜药型罩高约44%,为非晶合金药型罩结构设计提供参考。

开展城市设计工作,加强城市风貌管控

在我国城市高质量发展的背景下,中央对城市风貌及城市设计持续关注,城市风貌的塑造和管控成为重要议题。文章在对风貌工作的趋势要求进行解读的基础上,探讨了以山水格局、历史文脉、公共空间、建筑表现共同构成风貌感知要素的问题,通过景观可视、特色可辨、文脉可延、路径可游、建筑可读五个方面的途径来感知城市风貌。在把握城市风貌塑造和生成的特性及其规律的基础上,文章形成了“明确城市风貌定位–强化分区特色主题–细化引导风貌要素”的城市风貌塑造和管控方法,并提出了面向城市风貌塑造和管控,发挥城市设计优势,开展城市设计工作的建议。

高速飞行器气动控制耦合优化设计方法研究

针对传统串行设计过程由于空气动力学和控制系统数学模型复杂、无法综合考虑气动和控制的多目标优化的问题,提出了一种面向高速飞行器气动控制耦合优化设计方法。基于气动单学科代理优化(SBO)算法,将飞行器主动控制技术(ACT)的思想与多学科优化方法(MDO)相结合,构建了高速飞行器气动控制耦合多目标优化流程架构。在2马赫来流条件下,对带有控制舵的双锥体外形开展了气动耦合优化设计研究,以提升飞行器的气动性能和控制能力为优化目标。结果表明:经过气动控制耦合优化后的最优模型在超声速环境下,升力系数和升阻比分别提升了0.401%、2.999%,同时超调量与控制增益分别降低了2.769%、0.655%,气动性能和控制能力得到提升,验证了耦合策略的可行性;气动控制耦合优化的最优模型不仅使飞行器在超声速工作环境下性能更卓越,还有助于降低后续控制系统的设计难度,提高飞行器设计效率。所提气动控制耦合优化设计方法为高速飞行器的先进设计提供了必要的技术支撑。

形状文法审美下的七曲山文昌文化之纹样衍生设计研究

目的为促进七曲山景区文昌文化和景区自然资源的可持续性发展,提高景区文化宣传价值和经济价值,建立景区文化自信,提出一种基于形状文法的纹样衍生设计方案。该方案既包含形状文法的秩序之美,又融合景区的自然特征,可与景区相关产品设计进行有机融合,形成特色文创产品。方法筛选、整理、分析素材,形成感性词汇。结合文昌文化特征元素及关联传统纹样设计图元因子,并运用用户感知评价、层次分析矩阵等进行图元因子排序。随后,运用形状文法设计纹样创新图案,以相关文创产品进行设计验证。结论纹样方案包含七曲山景区特征,拓展了形状文法审美外延,形成秩序与自由的对比之美。该方案可有机融合于景区文创产品设计中,从而有效宣传景区文化,提高旅游和经济价值。

动画角色塑造中服装设计的重要性及策略

作为动画作品的重要载体,服装设计对角色塑造起着至关重要的作用。从动画角色的服装设计效果来看,角色服装不仅直观反映了角色的特征及背景,也随着剧情发展暗示角色的成长变化。创作者要正确理解动画角色塑造与服装设计的辩证关系,探索服装设计要素对动画角色塑造的影响,并结合实际案例分析动画角色塑造中服装色彩、图案、款式、面料等的具体应用路径,以期通过角色服装设计全方位展现角色特征。

Mimics软件三维重建技术行钛网形态优化设计在颅骨成形术中的应用

目的探讨应用Mimics软件三维重建技术进行钛网形态优化设计在颅骨成形术中的应用效果。方法2017年5月至2022年5月前瞻性进行颅骨成形术60例,其中30例应用Mimics软件三维重建技术进行钛网形态优化设计(优化组),30例应用常规设计的钛网(对照组)。结果与对照组比较,优化组手术切口供血良好率明显增高(80.0%vs.53.3%;P=0.028),术后切口甲级愈合率明显增高(70.0%vs.40.0%;P=0.020),术后拆线时间明显缩短[(7.07±0.95)d vs.(7.83±1.12)d;P=0.006],术后大量硬膜外积液发生率明显降低(10.0%vs.36.7%;P=0.015)。优化组术后无颅内出血、钛网外露情况。结论应用Mimics软件三维重建技术对钛网形态进行优化设计,可有效降低颅骨成形术中切口缝合的张力,术后切口供血和愈合更佳,缩短术后拆线时间,降低大量硬膜外积液的发生率,有效减少颅内出血和钛网外露。