Analysis of temporal and spatial usage patterns of dockless bike sharing system around rail transit station area

In order to study the spatiotemporal characteristics of the dockless bike sharing system(BSS)around urban rail transit stations,new normalized calculation methods are proposed to explore the temporal and spatial usage patterns of the dockless BSS around rail transit stations by using 5-weekday dockless bike sharing trip data in Nanjing,China.First,the rail transit station area(RTSA)is defined by extracting shared bike trips with trip ends falling into the area.Then,the temporal and spatial decomposition methods are developed and two criterions are calculated,namely,normalized dynamic variation of bikes(NDVB)and normalized spatial distribution of trips(NSDT).Furthermore,the temporal and spatial usage patterns are clustered and the corresponding geographical distributions of shared bikes are determined.The results show that four temporal usage patterns and two spatial patterns of dockless BSS are finally identified.Area type(urban center and suburb)has a great influence on temporal usage patterns.Spatial usage patterns are irregular and affected by limited directions,adjacent rail transit stations and street networks.The findings can help form a better understanding of dockless shared bike users behavior around rail transit stations,which will contribute to improving the service and efficiency of both rail transit and BSS.

Clustering the Stations of Bicycle Sharing System

Bicycle sharing system has emerged as a new mode of transportation in many big cities over the past decade.Since the large number of bicycle stations distribute widely in the city,it is difficult to identify their unique attributes and characteristics directly.Oriented to the real bicycle hire dataset in Hangzhou,China,the clustering analysis for the bicycle stations based on the temporal flow data was carried out firstly.Then,based on the spatial distribution and temporal attributes of calculated clusters,visual diagram and map were used to vividly analyze the bicycle hire behavior related to station category and study the travel rules of citizens.The experimental results demonstrate the relation between human mobility,the time of day,day of week and the station location.

Always-optimally-coordinated candidate selection algorithm for peer-to-peer files sharing system in mobile self-organized networks

In order to improve the performance of peer-to-peer files sharing system under mobile distributed en- vironments, a novel always-optimally-coordinated （AOC） criterion and corresponding candidate selection algorithm are proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional min-hops criterion, the new approach introduces a fuzzy knowledge combination theory to investigate several important factors that influence files transfer success rate and efficiency. Whereas the min-hops based protocols only ask the nearest candidate peer for desired files, the selection algorithm based on AOC comprehensively considers users＇ preferences and network requirements with flexible balancing rules. Furthermore, its advantage also expresses in the independence of specified resource discovering protocols, allowing for scalability. The simulation results show that when using the AOC based peer selection algorithm, system performance is much better than the rain-hops scheme, with files successful transfer rate improved more than 50% and transfer time re- duced at least 20%.

Efficient Search in P2P File Sharing System

A new routing algorithm of peer-to-peer file sharing system with routing indices was proposed, in which a node forwards a query to neighbors that are more likely to have answers based on its statistics. The proposed algorithm was tested by creating a P2P simulator and varying the input parameters, and was compared to the search algorithms using flooding （FLD） and random walk （RW）. The result shows that with the proposed design, the queries are muted effectively, the network flows are reduced remarkably, and the peer-to-peer file sharing system gains a good expansibility.

How do Users Evaluate Service Quality of the Dockless Bicycle Sharing System?

In order to improve the public transit’s accessibility and promote service quality of the public transit,it is necessary to alleviate the“last⁃mile”problem.The combination of the public transit and bicycle⁃sharing system is competitive compared with the private car.In 2016,the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system has been undergoing tremendous development.Because the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system is different from previous bicycle⁃sharing systems,components of service quality of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system differ.However,there are few articles about the service quality of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system.This paper examined the evaluation of service quality of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system along with a measurement of users’satisfaction.A questionnaire about service quality was designed,which includes 15 factors.Through the analysis of travelers’evaluation of factors of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system with Rasch Model,these original ordinal data(Likert data)was transformed to the interval data:the person parameter(ability)and the item parameter(difficulty).Through the analysis of interviewees’abilities,it was found that only education and monthly consumption have significant influence on interviewees’evaluation of service quality of the dockless bicycle⁃sharing system,while there is no significant influence of gender,weekly use of dockless shared⁃bicycle,private car ownership,or monthly income on the evaluation.Furthermore,it was found that users were dissatisfied with cycling under the adverse weather,disturbance from pedestrians and cars,continuity of the bicycle lane,complaint channel,and staff service the most.

Analyzing Service Rates for File Transfers in Peer-to-peer File Sharing Systems

When examining the file transfer performance in a peer-to-peer file sharing system, a fundamental problem is how to describe the service rate for a file transfer. In this paper, the problem is examined by analyzing the distribution of server-like nodes' upstream-bandwidth among their concurrent transfers. A sufficient condition for the service rate, what a receiver obtains for downloading a file, to asymptotically be uniform is presented. On the aggregate service rate for transferring a file in a system, a sufficient condition for it to asymptotically follow a Zipf distribution is presented. These asymptotic equalities are both in the mean square sense. These analyses and the sufficient conditions provide a mathematic base for modeling file transfer processes in peer-to-peer file sharing systems.

Electromechanical instrument collaborative sharing system based on A/S mode

In this paper, we put forward a collaborative mode based on A/S mode to solve existing problems in the process of developing electromechanical instrument collaborative sharing system (EICSS). The mode architecture, working pattern and development flow of this system were described. The prototype system developed was applied to Lambda 900 Spectrometer in Chongqing University to realize electromechanical instrument networked sharing, and demonstrated desirable expansibility and felxibility to satisfy diverse demands of customers.

Peer selecting model based on FCM for wireless distributed P2P files sharing systems

IIn order to improve the performance of wireless distributed peer-to-peer(P2P)files sharing systems,a general system architecture and a novel peer selecting model based on fuzzy cognitive maps(FCM)are proposed in this paper.The new model provides an effective approach on choosing an optimal peer from several resource discovering results for the best file transfer.Compared with the traditional min-hops scheme that uses hops as the only selecting criterion,the proposed model uses FCM to investigate the complex relationships among various relative factors in wireless environments and gives an overall evaluation score on the candidate.It also has strong scalability for being independent of specified P2P resource discovering protocols.Furthermore,a complete implementation is explained in concrete modules.The simulation results show that the proposed model is effective and feasible compared with min-hops scheme,with the success transfer rate increased by at least 20% and transfer time improved as high as 34%.

Implications of Israeli Agricultural Water Price Sharing System to China

This paper introduces Israeli agricultural water price sharing system. According to Israeli agricultural water cost composition,water price sharing by farmers as well as government subsidy and its forms,the financial subsidy-based agricultural water price system has been established on the basis of the farmers' income in our country and reasonable water price sharing,thus to promote the development of water-saving agriculture in China.

Scalable Distributed File Sharing System: A Robust Strategy for a Reliable Networked Environment in Tertiary Institutions

The bane of achieving a scalable distributed file sharing system is the centralized data system and single server oriented file [sharing] system. In this paper, the solution to the problems in a distributed environment is presented. Thus, inability to upload sizeable files, slow transportation of files, weak security and lack of fault tolerance are the major problems in the existing system. Hence, the utmost need is to build a client-server network that runs on two or more server systems in order to implement scalability, such that when one server is down, the other(s) would still hold up the activities within the network. And to achieve this reliable network environment, LINUX network operating system is recommended among others as a preferred platform for the synchronization of the server systems, such that every user activity like sending of internal memos/mails, publication of academic articles, is replicated;thereby, achieving the proposed result. Hence, Scalable Distributed File Sharing System provides the robustness required to having a reliable intranet.

Web-Based Data Management and Sharing System for Electron Proke Micro-analysis

This paper proposes a useful web-based system for the management and sharing of electron probe micro-analysis( EPMA)data in geology. A new web-based architecture that integrates the management and sharing functions is developed and implemented.Earth scientists can utilize this system to not only manage their data,but also easily communicate and share it with other researchers.Data query methods provide the core functionality of the proposed management and sharing modules. The modules in this system have been developed using cloud GIS technologies,which help achieve real-time spatial area retrieval on a map. The system has been tested by approximately 263 users at Jilin University and Beijing SHRIMP Center. A survey was conducted among these users to estimate the usability of the primary functions of the system,and the assessment result is summarized and presented.

HitPeers:A P2P File Sharing System with Category Tree

HitPeers conotitute a scalable and highly efficient P2P file sharing system in which all the data file can be shared. The center of HitPeers is the Category Tree (CT). CT collects the published information with category. It is flexible enough to let users customize their own local CT. Its hierarchy helps users to find the information they desire most conveniently. To increase the robustness and retain the efficiency, HitPeers will divide the tree into disjoint parts. Every part is a subtree. Some special nodes named Onodes will take charge of the subtree and play the role of a service provider. HitPeers produce more and more Onodes to meet the service demands in the internet scale distributed environment. This paper will show the profile of the whole system.

Actual implementation of spectrum-sharing systems in rayleigh fading channels~

In actual implementation of spectrum sharing systems, due to the selfishness of primary users, primary users often refuse the access of secondary users to their licensed spectrum bands even if the access of secondary users doesn＇t affect their transmission. Aimed at the selfishness problem of primary users, a seller＇s market trading mechanism is introduced which can not only stimulate primary users to tolerate larger interference power but also give the primary users an appropriate compensation at the same time, and which has very important practical significance. Based on the mechanism, the achievable maximal gross profit of secondary users and their optimal power allocation scheme in the Rayleigh fading environment are derived, and the interference price of primary users and the average revenue of secondary users＇ impact on them are also studied. Numerical calculation results are conducted to verify our theoretical results.

Geoinformation Sharing System for East and Southeast Asia Using SDI, OGC Web Services and FOSS

This paper presents an innovative, cost-effective and efficient web-based sharing system for geoscience information among the countries in East and Southeast Asia. The information system’s main components are organized following the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) model. It also uses the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Processing Service (WPS) for online spatial data rendition and processing, respectively. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) are also used for other important spatial data processing functions. The geospatial contents of the information system are stored and managed using the open source software PostgreSQL and its PostGIS extension. The information system makes spatial data sharing more efficient and organized by formulating a hierarchical information content classification scheme and the option for the users to put up their own customized WebGIS portals. These give users the option to show their chosen geospatial contents on their own web-based platform. The information system also makes spatial data sharing more flexible by providing data owners the choice to determine the data access privileges for each user or group of users. It also provides module for processing, rendering and sharing Japan’s ASTER satellite images. The information system is called GSi for Geoinformation Sharing Infrastructure for East and Southeast Asia. The URL of the web-based information system is https://ccop-gsi.org/main/index.html.

ProSync： A protective synchronization scheme for NC-OFDM based opportunistic spectrum sharing system

A protective synchronization scheme （ProSync） for the non-contiguous orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （NC-OFDM） system is proposed in this paper, aiming to minimize the impact of cross-band interference in opportunistic dynamic spectrum sharing networks. ProSync partly shrinks the preamble at the transmitter and exploits two multi-band filters at the receiver. By doing so, the potential interference suffered by NC-OFDM users, including both the cross-band interference and self interference, can be greatly reduced. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of ProSync, which is able to lower the carrier frequency offset （CFO） estimation error by up to 50%, compared with the traditional method.

Transparent and Accountable Training Data Sharing in Decentralized Machine Learning Systems

In Decentralized Machine Learning(DML)systems,system participants contribute their resources to assist others in developing machine learning solutions.Identifying malicious contributions in DML systems is challenging,which has led to the exploration of blockchain technology.Blockchain leverages its transparency and immutability to record the provenance and reliability of training data.However,storing massive datasets or implementing model evaluation processes on smart contracts incurs high computational costs.Additionally,current research on preventing malicious contributions in DML systems primarily focuses on protecting models from being exploited by workers who contribute incorrect or misleading data.However,less attention has been paid to the scenario where malicious requesters intentionally manipulate test data during evaluation to gain an unfair advantage.This paper proposes a transparent and accountable training data sharing method that securely shares data among potentially malicious system participants.First,we introduce a blockchain-based DML system architecture that supports secure training data sharing through the IPFS network.Second,we design a blockchain smart contract to transparently split training datasets into training and test datasets,respectively,without involving system participants.Under the system,transparent and accountable training data sharing can be achieved with attribute-based proxy re-encryption.We demonstrate the security analysis for the system,and conduct experiments on the Ethereum and IPFS platforms to show the feasibility and practicality of the system.

The Research on Open Sharing of Higher Education Park Based on Intelligent Security System

The intelligent security system is a series of systems that use modern information technology means such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data, face recognition to carry out comprehensive monitoring, early warning, prevention and control, disposal, etc, for security protection. It is the development trend of security system in the future, and it is also the basis for open sharing between higher education parks and universities. By using content analysis, unstructured interviews and other research methods, this paper deeply studies the feasibility and basic ideas of the construction of intelligent security system in Shahe Higher Education Park, and forms basic experience and typical practices through the project construction, which further promotes the more intelligent, standardized and scientific safety management in colleges and universities. It really provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the opening and sharing between higher education parks and universities.

Efficiency-oriented vehicle relocation of shared autonomous electric fleet in station-based car-sharing system

Long waiting delays for users and significant imbalances in vehicle distribution are bothering traditional station-based one-way electric car-sharing system operators.To address the problems above,a“demand forecast-station status judgement-vehicle relocation”multistage dynamic relocation algorithm based on the automatic formation cruising technology was proposed in this study.In stage one,a novel trip demand forecast model based on the long short-term memory network was established to predict users'car-pickup and car-return order volumes at each station.In stage two,a dynamic threshold interval was determined by combining the forecast results with the actual vehicle distribution among stations to evaluate the status of each station.Then vehicle-surplus,vehicleinsufficient,vehicle-normal stations,and the number of surplus or insufficient vehicles for each station were counted.In stage three,setting driving mileage and carbon emission as the optimization objectives,an integer linear programming mathematical model was constructed and the optimal vehicle relocation scheme was obtained by the commercial solver Gurobi.Setting 43 stations and 187 vehicles in Jiading District,Shanghai,China,as a case study,results showed that rapid vehicle rebalancing among stations with minimum carbon emissions could be realized within 15 min and the users’car-pickup and car-return demands could be fully satisfied without any refusal.

Low-Cost Federated Broad Learning for Privacy-Preserved Knowledge Sharing in the RIS-Aided Internet of Vehicles

High-efficiency and low-cost knowledge sharing can improve the decision-making ability of autonomous vehicles by mining knowledge from the Internet of Vehicles(IoVs).However,it is challenging to ensure high efficiency of local data learning models while preventing privacy leakage in a high mobility environment.In order to protect data privacy and improve data learning efficiency in knowledge sharing,we propose an asynchronous federated broad learning(FBL)framework that integrates broad learning(BL)into federated learning(FL).In FBL,we design a broad fully connected model(BFCM)as a local model for training client data.To enhance the wireless channel quality for knowledge sharing and reduce the communication and computation cost of participating clients,we construct a joint resource allocation and reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)configuration optimization framework for FBL.The problem is decoupled into two convex subproblems.Aiming to improve the resource scheduling efficiency in FBL,a double Davidon–Fletcher–Powell(DDFP)algorithm is presented to solve the time slot allocation and RIS configuration problem.Based on the results of resource scheduling,we design a reward-allocation algorithm based on federated incentive learning(FIL)in FBL to compensate clients for their costs.The simulation results show that the proposed FBL framework achieves better performance than the comparison models in terms of efficiency,accuracy,and cost for knowledge sharing in the IoV.

Multi-dimensional multiplexing optical secret sharing framework with cascaded liquid crystal holograms

Secret sharing is a promising technology for information encryption by splitting the secret information into different shares.However,the traditional scheme suffers from information leakage in decryption process since the amount of available information channels is limited.Herein,we propose and demonstrate an optical secret sharing framework based on the multi-dimensional multiplexing liquid crystal(LC)holograms.The LC holograms are used as spatially separated shares to carry secret images.The polarization of the incident light and the distance between different shares are served as secret keys,which can significantly improve the information security and capacity.Besides,the decryption condition is also restricted by the applied external voltage due to the variant diffraction efficiency,which further increases the information security.In implementation,an artificial neural network(ANN)model is developed to carefully design the phase distribution of each LC hologram.With the advantage of high security,high capacity and simple configuration,our optical secret sharing framework has great potentials in optical encryption and dynamic holographic display.