Analysis of plant resources and diversity in Shennongjia Area of Hubei Province,China

Shennongjia Area is located in northwest of Hubei Province with Shennongding,the highest peak(3105.4 m above sea level)in central China.The unique geographical location and complex terrain of this region make it rich in plant resources.After field investigation,th literature review,and specimen identification,the 7 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Chinese Medicine Resources Scientific Expedition Team studied the plant resources and diversity of Shennongjia Area.454 species of vascular plants belonging to 106 families and 275 genera were collected from July to August in 2013.The dominant families are Lamiaceae,Ranunculaceae,Rosaceae,and Asteraceae,with 20,21,37 and 48 species respectively.At the genus level,Rubus is the dominant one with 11 species.3 species of national first-class protective plants,13 species of“Huan yang yao”and 36 species of“Qi yao”were collected.In all,our research has updated the plant recources and diversity in Shennongjia Area.Furthermore,by putting forward practical and meaningful suggestions on strengthening the protection and utilization of plant resources in Shennongjia Area,our research will help to protect the diverse ecosystem there.

国家公园生态产品价值实现的机制及模式——以神农架国家公园为例

探究生态产品价值实现的机制及模式是国家公园加快生态文明建设、推动“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的关键。构建了国家公园社会-经济-自然复合生态系统,分析国家公园生态产品特征并划分类别,以神农架国家公园试点为例,探究了国家公园生态产品价值的实现路径与机制,建立了国家公园生态产品价值实现模式。结果表明:(1)国家公园复合生态系统由社会、经济和自然生态系统构成,形成一个相互影响、相互关联的整体。(2)国家公园生态产品具有生物生产性、资源稀缺性、人类收益性、地域整体性、政策依赖性、利益平衡性等特征,识别与分类生态产品有助于复合生态系统的平稳运行与健康发展,进而实现生态产品价值。(3)国家公园生态产品总体分为公共性、准公共性和经营性三类,并由政府主导、社区主导、市场主导与多主体复合型路径组成的价值实现路径体系完成价值实现。(4)国家公园生态产品价值实现机制由生态保护机制、经济发展机制、社区进步机制和协调保障机制四部分构成,服务于生态保护、产业发展和社区振兴三个目标。(5)国家公园生态产品价值实现过程中存在一定问题,以生态保护为首要任务、旅游发展为实现路径、社区振兴为核心目标,构建神农架国家公园“生态保护-旅游发展-社区振兴”共生模式,并进一步提出生态产品价值实现的生态旅游模式,以协调处理神农架国家公园复合生态系统结构内的矛盾,实现国家公园生态产品价值的最大化。综上所述,丰富了生态产品价值实现理论,并为国家公园生态产品价值实现模式提供了重要的科学依据与决策参考。国家公园“生态保护-旅游发展-社区振兴”的共生模式以及国家公园生态产品实现的生态旅游模式,将为国家公园生态产品价值的实现提供更加全面与有效的路径与模式。

神农架森林土壤养分及生态化学计量特征

以神农架山地森林土壤为例,研究有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)等土壤养分含量及其生态化学计量特征沿海拔梯度(1300~3100 m)的变化,阐明其对地形、植被和土壤因子的响应。结果表明:SOC、TN、TP和TK含量分别在14.32~35.39 g/kg、2.20~5.62 g/kg、0.28~0.46 g/kg、20.75~22.96 g/kg。SOC、TN、TP含量随海拔升高呈增加趋势,TK含量则呈相反变化趋势。C/N、C/K、N/K、P/K均随海拔升高呈线性增加,最大值出现在海拔3100 m处。山地不同垂直植被带土壤养分含量及其生态化学计量比存在显著差异,山地灌丛草甸土壤SOC和TN含量较高,TP和TK含量较低,且该植被带的生态化学计量比显著高于其他植被带。相关分析表明,海拔与C、N、P、K之间生态化学计量比呈正相关,C/K、N/K与海拔之间相关性显著。相较于北坡,南坡土壤生态化学计量比受海拔影响更显著。

社区参与视角下国家公园居民的旅游影响感知和自然保护态度差异——以神农架国家公园试点区为例

以神农架国家公园体制试点区(以下简称“神农架国家公园”)为例,运用问卷调查和单因素方差分析等手段,基于对参与旅游和未参与旅游的居民群体差异的比较分析,研究了国家公园旅游对社区居民自然保护态度的影响。研究表明:(1)神农架国家公园居民对旅游的正面影响感知明显强于负面影响感知,参与旅游的居民对正面旅游影响的感知强于后者,未参与旅游的居民对部分负面旅游影响的感知强于参与旅游的居民;(2)神农架国家公园居民对自然保护整体上均持有较为强烈的积极态度,但参与旅游的居民和未参与旅游的居民在强度上存在显著差异,参与旅游的居民较之未参与旅游的居民更认同自然保护的意义,更认同神农架自然保护的必要性,更认同国家公园的自然保护功能,也更愿意遵守和支持国家公园关于自然保护的管理规定。研究揭示了国家公园旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的积极影响,深化了我国国家公园问题研究,为国家公园自然资源的游憩利用提供了科学依据,具有较为突出的学术价值和现实意义。鉴于旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的积极影响,我国在推进国家公园体制建设中,在不影响保护管理目标的前提下应通过科学、适度发展旅游来争取当地居民对国家公园体制建设和自然保护工作的支持。

国家公园旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的影响机制——以神农架国家公园试点区为例

建立国家公园体制是我国建设生态文明、美丽中国以及实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化的重要抓手。当地社区居民是国家公园建设和管理的重要利益主体,也是参与国家公园自然保护的重要力量,如何培育当地居民积极的自然保护态度对于国家公园的建设和管理具有重要现实意义。以神农架国家公园试点区为例,基于刺激-有机体-反应(S-O-R)模型,引入地方依恋变量,构建了旅游影响感知、地方依恋和自然保护态度之间的结构关系模型,运用多群组嵌套结构方程模型(SEM)揭示了国家公园发展旅游对当地居民自然保护态度的影响机制。研究表明:(1)神农架国家公园试点区居民对旅游影响的感知对其自然保护态度有显著的直接影响;(2)地方依恋在神农架国家公园试点区居民旅游影响感知与其自然保护态度之间发挥着中介作用;(3)在旅游影响感知、地方依恋和自然保护态度之间的结构关系上,参与旅游的居民和未参与旅游的居民之间存在显著的群体差异。主要表现为前者对负面旅游影响的感知对其地方依恋感和自然保护态度均没有显著影响,而后者对负面旅游影响的感知对其地方依恋感和自然保护态度有显著影响。研究的理论贡献主要有两点:一是通过引入地方依恋作为中介变量,揭示了国家公园旅游影响当地居民自然保护态度的作用路径;二是通过参与旅游居民和未参与旅游居民两个群体的比较分析,进一步揭示了国家公园旅游影响当地居民自然保护态度的群体差异。

襄阳都市圈旅游一体化发展路径研究

中国式现代化和新发展格局对区域旅游一体化提出了新的要求。旅游一体化是城市一体化的重要组成部分,襄阳都市圈旅游一体化发展问题要立足汉江流域、南襄盆地、中西部新通道的大格局来分析,最为关键的就是“襄十随神”城市群旅游一体化。襄阳都市圈各城市地域相接、交通相连、文脉相通,共饮一江汉水,旅游一体化基础良好。围绕五大主题游线,重点做好增加旅游一体化合作收益、拓展襄阳旅游中心城市功能、谋划城市群旅游新格局、丰富城市群旅游形象和业态等方面的工作。

神农架漆树资源调查及评价

以神农架林区的漆树资源为研究对象,对其进行了摸底调查,初步了解了神农架林区漆树品种、分布区域及面积等情况,并根据《GB/T 14703-2008生漆》中的检测要求分别对漆酚总量、加热减量、含渣量、煎盘分数、含氮物与树胶质、表干时间等6个理化性能指标进行分析测定,结果表明林区漆树面积较大,但相较集中适于开发的资源位于在温水林场,且该处生漆品质总体处于中等偏下水平,最后对该资源现状及利用方向进行了评价和建议。

神农架“候鸟式”避暑老人体育休闲产业优化研究

神农架地区因其独特的地理位置和气候条件,吸引了大量老年人在夏季选择此地避暑度假。然而,由于“候鸟式”避暑的季节条件相对苛刻,导致地方体育休闲产业面临着发展不足、服务不完善等问题。为了更好地满足老年人的体育休闲需求,提升地方产业水平,该文对神农架避暑旅游资源进行了概述,分析了神农架“候鸟式”避暑体育休闲产业的特点,探讨了神农架“候鸟式”避暑老人体育休闲产业存在的问题,在此基础上提出了对应的优化策略,旨在为神农架“候鸟式”避暑老人体育休闲产业的优化提供建设性意见。

神农架林区天然次生林土壤有机碳分布及影响因素

神农架林区气候、土壤类型和森林具有明显海拔梯度分布特征,且存在大量植被组成丰富、林分结构复杂的天然次生林。以天然次生林为研究对象,通过系统样地调查、逐步回归和结构方程模型(SEM)揭示天然次生林土壤有机碳分布特征,探索土壤有机碳含量与气候、海拔、土壤和林分结构之间的多变量关系。研究结果表明:在1200—2500 m海拔区间,土壤有机碳含量随海拔升高而增加,土壤有机碳平均含量表现为17.45 g/kg(1200—1600 m)<21.56 g/kg(1600—2000 m)<27.37 g/kg(2000—2500 m)。在0—20 cm、20—40 cm和40—60 cm深度土层土壤有机碳随土层加深而逐步降低,平均含量分别为30.5 g/kg、21.7 g/kg和13.73 g/kg,且各土层之间差异显著(P<0.05);海拔、土壤密度、pH和树种多样性(TSD)在各土层与土壤有机碳含量存在显著相关性。海拔梯度变化通过影响土壤密度和pH间接影响土壤有机碳含量,在各土层具有一致性;20—40 cm、40—60 cm土层,树种多样性变化影响土壤密度间提升进土壤有机碳含量。树种多样性对土壤有机碳含量的正向影响强烈依赖于土壤深度,深层(40—60 cm)土壤有机碳含量对树种多样性更为敏感。天然次生林维持较高的树种多样性有助于提升森林土壤碳汇能力,本研究结果为亚热带天然次生林的森林经营与生态管理提供理论依据。

Flora and ecological characteristics of rare plant communities on the southern slope of Shennongjia Mountain

According to the investigation of sampling area of 6800 m2 on the south slope of Shennongjia Mountain, there were 126 vascular plant species, belonging to 108 genera and 64 families, in the investigated rare plant communities, of which 9 rare plant species were recorded, accounting for 27.3% of the total rare plants. The communities were about 30 m in height and were divided into three layers as tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer. The flora of the communities had obvious temperate character. Phanerophytes (accounted for 65.9%), Mesophyllous (62.7%), Papyraceous (84.1%), simple leaf (83.3%), un-entire leaf (69.8%) were dominant in life form, leaf size class, leaf texture, leaf form, and leaf margin respectively. According to important value of species, the communities were divided into three types as Davidia involucrata + Litsea pungens community, Cercidiphyllum japanicum + Padus wilsonii community, and Padus wilsonii + Acer mono community. The indexes of species diversity of tree layer had little difference among communities and evenness was high. The results indicated that the communities had complex structure and relative stability.

乡村振兴背景下的神农架IP形象设计

本文以湖北省直辖林区神农架为研究对象,通过挖掘乡村文化内涵,以神农架地区代表性五谷杂粮作为IP形象设计目标,将盲盒作为主要传播路径,进行创新融合延伸设计,以期更好地发挥乡村文化价值,在一定程度上促进当地文化创意产业与传统产业,助力乡村振兴。

基于DNA条形码技术的神农架国家公园川金丝猴食性研究

川金丝猴湖北亚种(Rhinopithecus roxellana hubeiensis)是种群数量最少的川金丝猴(R.roxellana)亚种,评估其食物组成及季节变化有助于了解其觅食策略和同域分布物种间的竞争关系,对物种保护及栖息地恢复等具有重要意义。分别于2023年冬季(2月)、春季(5月)和秋季(10月)在神农架国家公园采集金丝猴新鲜粪便样品,利用DNA宏条形码技术分析了粪便中的食源植物及其季节变化。研究共鉴别出127种金丝猴食源植物,分属于110个属62个科,科水平上相对序列丰度最高的为蔷薇科(Rosaceae),属水平上相对序列丰度最高的为花楸属(Sorbus),种水平上相对序列丰度最高的是地海椒(Archiphysalis sinensis)。在不同季节食物组成中,冬季有56种,春季有76种,秋季有70种,其中春季偏好的食物为花楸属植物(Sorbus sp.)(27.34%)植物和藤山柳(Clematoclethra scandens)(16.56%);秋季偏好的食物为委陵菜(Potentilla chinensis)(22.12%)和花楸属植物(16.52%);冬季偏好的食物为地海椒(33.49%)和花楸属植物(28.13%)。3个季节的共有食物有20种,冬季的特有食物有16种,春季有29种,秋季有27种。冬季特有食物有地海椒等,春季特有食物有菱叶茴芹(Pimpinella rhomboidea)等,秋季特有食物有构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)等。春季和秋季之间的重叠食物种类最多有35种,春季和冬季的重叠食物种类有32种而冬季和秋季重叠食物种类最少仅有28种。不同季节食物多样性指数存在差异,冬季食物多样性指数最低,秋季较高,春季最高。食物多样性的季节变化与神农架植被物候特性一致。研究结果揭示了神农架川金丝猴的食物组成和季节变化,以及DNA条形码技术在食性研究中的优势和存在的问题,为川金丝猴的种群繁育和保护管理等提供了重要参考价值。

国家公园游客感知形象与官方投射形象对比研究——以神农架国家公园为例

游客感知形象与官方投射形象之间的差异是优化旅游目的地管理的关键。基于网络文本数据,运用内容分析法对神农架国家公园游客感知形象与官方投射形象进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)神农架国家公园旅游形象可提炼为7个主题,其中旅游吸引物、旅游体验、旅游环境与氛围和品牌建设与管理4个主题方面差异较大。(2)游客感知语义网络呈现“核心—次核心—重要节点—其他节点”的四级结构,较官方投射语义网络更为紧密。(3)游客感知形象与官方投射形象均主要为正面形象,但游客感知中的负面情感占比较多。最后从文化氛围、旅游体验、动态管理3个方面提出相关建议。

旅游发展、交通基础设施与农民增收的动态关联研究——以湖北省“襄十随神”区域为例

探索旅游发展、交通基础设施与农民增收三者之间的动态关系,对于推进区域协同发展具有重要的启示意义。文章基于湖北省“襄十随神”四市(区)2004—2021年面板数据,运用向量自回归模型,讨论了四地旅游发展、交通基础设施和农民增收三者之间的动态关系。结果表明:“襄十随神”四市(区)旅游发展、交通基础设施与农民增收之间存在长期均衡关系;旅游发展明显促进了交通基础设施的完善,旅游发展与交通基础设置完善对农民增收具有较强的推动作用;农民增收对旅游发展和交通基础设施完善的影响较弱。在实证分析和考虑地区差异与关联性的基础上,提出了协调、共生、一体化的发展建议,以期为“襄十随神”区域协同发展提供一定借鉴。

鄂西神农架冰雪体育旅游产业高质量发展探析

高质量发展是推进冰雪体育旅游产业发展的战略选择。本文采用文献资料、逻辑分析法等研究方法,分析了鄂西神农架冰雪体育旅游产业高质量发展的优势和劣势,并针对性地提出了未来发展路径。研究认为,鄂西神农架发展冰雪体育旅游产业具备地理位置、区域经济建设、群众、政策支持等方面优势,存在消费结构不平衡、未形成完整产业链、相关专业人才短缺、配套设施相对落后等劣势。为更好地推进鄂西神农架冰雪体育旅游产业高质量发展,需要从以下几个方面形成合力:重视冰雪体育旅游消费需求转变;提升冰雪体育旅游产业链水平;拓宽冰雪专业人才储备;冰雪体育旅游配套设施逐步完善。

Species Richness of Vascular Plants along the Climatic Gradient of Mountain Shennongjia in Central China

A case study on the richness variation of vascular plant species along the climatic gradient from mountain foot (400 m asl) up to the summit (3,100 m) was carried out in Mt. Shennongjia of central China. The results show that climatic features such as mean annual temperature ( Y =16.26-0.506 X, R 2 =0.995), mean annual precipitation ( Y=235.48+82.663X, R 2 =0.951) and frost free day ( Y=283.54-7.148X, R 2 =0.964) are linearly responding to the elevational increase. However the variation of species richness is not uniformly linearly correlated to the climatic gradients. From 400 m up to 1,000 m, the species number increases from 933 to 1718, with a increase rate of 126.18 species/100 m ( R 2=0.951, P <0.001). From 1,000 m up to the highest peak of 3,100 m, species richness gradually declines with a rate of 94.36 species/100 m ( R 2=0.961, P <0.001). This variation can be described by a cubic model, y =-458.22+463.93 x -30.64 x 2+0.53 x 3 ( R 2=0.989, P <0.0001). Analysis calls for further study for better understanding of the relationship between biodiversity and environmental variation in this key area.

Stromatolite characteristics of Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in the northern margin of Yangtze Block, China

Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in Shennongjia Area can be divided into three subgroups in ascender order. Of which the lower subgroup includes Yingwodong, Dayanping, Macaoyuan, Luanshigou, Dawokeng and Kuangshishan formations;the middle subgroup is formed by Yemahe, Wenshuihe and Shicaohe formations;the upper subgroup consists of Songziyuan and Wagangxi formations. Stromatolites developed very well in the carbonate rocks of each subgroup in Shennongjia Group. Based on descriptions of stromatolites macrotypes and their characteristics, this paper studied the formation environments, discussed the relationship among types, sizes, abundance of stromatolites and sedimentary environment, and established the formation and development pattern of stromatolites. As a result, this research also reveals the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate during the period of the Shennongjia Group deposited, which is beneficial to the study of paleoenvironment, paleogeography and paleoclimate, stratigraphic succession and regional correlation of the northern edge of Yangtze block. Stromatolites of Shennongjia Group are mainly conical, columnar, domal, wavy, stratiform and stromatolite reefs. The columnar and conical stromatolites are well developed. Conical stromatolites are mainly monomers, with a variety of pyramidal types, ranging in diameter from a few millimeters to several meters and formed in the high energy subtidal zone and tidal lagoon environment. Most of the columnar stromatolites are medium to small sizes implied a wide and gentle slope environment at that time. Stratiform (including wavy) stromatolites are larger scales and extends far away and distributed most widely in almost every horizon in the carbonate rocks. Stratiform stromatolites can be formed in low energy environments such as subtidal and intertidal zones and supratidal belts. Wavy stromatolites often developed in the hydrodynamic energy condition from weak energy intertidal zone gradually strengthened to the below of the high energy supratidal. Although stromatolite reefs can be a single or multiform combination, they developed mainly consisted of laminar or small walled columnar and large domal stromatolites. Shicaohe Formation also partially developed large domical stromatolites, the depositional environment is from the upper intertidal to supratidal zone. Stromatolite in Shennongjia Group usually appears as a combination of “Stratiform (wavy)-dome-columnar-coniform ” or “stratiform-dome-coniform-columnar-dome-stratiform ” vertieally, which represents the seawater depth from shallower to deeper or from shallow to deep and then to shallow again. These phenomenons generally reflected a stable sea level and companied with a high frequency oscillation. Comprehensive researches on the stratigraphy, sedimentary facies, sedimentary environment and the stromatolite types and their characteristics in the Shennongjia Group indicated that the Shennongjia Area is located on a gentle slope of carbonate platform in the passive continental edge, generally, i.e., one of warm and humid climate shallow water zone or/and a cold-drought climate, and had been experienced with eustatic cycles during the Shennongjia Group deposited.

Species and distribution of mountain bamboos in Shennongjia, Central China

Inventory recorded 4 genera and 11 species of mountain bamboos in Shennongjia, Central China. Of these, 4 species (Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis, Ph. heteroclada, Ph. nidularia and Ph. bambusoides) belong to the monopodial bamboo, 4 species (Indocalamus latifolius, I. longiauritus, I. wilsoni and I. tessellatus) to the amphipodial bamboo, and 3 spe-cies (Fargesia spathacea, F. murielae and Yushania confusa) to the sympodial bamboo. Monopodial bamboos grow on the gentle slopes below 1800 m asl, occurring from the subtropical belt to the temperate belt in the vertical climatic spectrum of the mountain; Sympodial bamboos occur in higher elevations, ranging from the warm temperate (1200 m), across the medi-ate temperate and cold temperate, to the mountaintops of the frigid temperate belt (3100 m). Amphipodial bamboos occur in all climate types except the frigid temperate belt. Three dominant species, F. spathacea, F. murielae and Y. confusa, currently cover 12 %, 9 % and 3 % of the mountain ranges in Shennongjia, respectively.

Effect of Aspect on Climate Variation in Mountain Ranges of Shennongjia Massif, Central China

The aim of this study was to better understand the mechanisms of regional climate variation in mountain ranges with contrasting aspects as mediated by changes in global climate. It may help predict trends of vegetation variations in native ecosystems in natural reserves. As measures of climate response, temperature and precipitation data from the north, east, and south-facing mountain ranges of Shennongjia Massif in the coldest and hottest months(January and July), different seasons(spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and each year were analyzed from a long-term dataset(1960 to 2003) to tested variations characteristics, temporal and spatial quantitative relationships of climates. The results showed that the average seasonal temperatures and precipitation in the north, east, and south aspects of the mountain ranges changed at different rates. The average seasonal temperatures change rate ranges in the north, east, and south-facing mountain ranges were from –0.0210℃/yr to 0.0143℃/yr, –0.0166℃/yr to 0.0311℃/yr, and –0.0290 ℃/yr to 0.0084℃/yr, respectively, and seasonal precipitation variation magnitude were from –1.4940 mm/yr to 0.6217 mm/yr, –1.6833 mm/yr to 2.6182 mm/yr, and –0.8567 mm/yr to 1.4077 mm/yr, respectively. The climates variation trend among the three mountain ranges were different in magnitude and direction, showing a complicated change of the climates in mountain ranges and some inconsistency with general trends in global climate change. The climate variations were significantly different and positively correlated cross mountain ranges, revealing that aspects significantly affected on climate variations and these variations resulted from a larger air circulation system, which were sensitive to global climate change. We conclude that location and terrain of aspect are the main factors affecting differences in climate variation among the mountain ranges with contrasting aspects.

The Firstly Discovered Cosmic Spherules in Carbonaceous Siltstone from the Taizi Formation of the Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group,Central China

Objective Spherical micro-particles are often preserved in Precambrian sedimentary rocks. Finnish and Chinese scholars have previously discovered carbonaceous, siliceous or ferruginous spherules of out-space origin in the 1.6 Ga and 1.4 Ga sequence, respectively. The presence of spherules can record possible cosmic impact events. Also, cosmic spherules provide important information on the evolution of planets from outer space.