Effects of multiple shapes for steady flow with transformer oil+Fe_(3)O_(4)+TiO_(2) between two stretchable rotating disks

In this study,we examine the effects of various shapes of nanoparticles in a steady flow of hybrid nanofluids between two stretchable rotating disks.The steady flow of hybrid nanofluids with transformer oil as the base fluid and Fe_(3)O_(4)+TiO_(2)as the hybrid nanofluid is considered.Several shapes of Fe_(3)O_(4)+TiO_(2)hybrid nanofluids,including sphere,brick,blade,cylinder,and platelet,are studied.Every shape exists in the same volume of a nanoparticle.The leading equations(partial differential equations(PDEs))are transformed to the nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs)with the help of similarity transformations.The system of equations takes the form of ODEs depending on the boundary conditions,whose solutions are computed numerically by the bvp4c MATLAB solver.The outputs are compared with the previous findings,and an intriguing pattern is discovered,such that the tangential velocity is increased for the rotation parameter,while it is decreased by the stretching values because of the lower disk.For the reaction rate parameter,the concentration boundary layer becomes shorter,and the activation energy component increases the rate at which mass transfers come to the higher disk but have the opposite effect on the bottom disk.The ranges of various parameters taken into account are Pr=6.2,Re=2,M=1.0,φ_(1)=φ_(2)=0.03,K=0.5,S=-0.1,Br=0.3,Sc=2.0,α_(1)=0.2,γ=0.1,E_(n)=2.0,and q=1.0,and the rotation factor K is within the range of 0 to 1.

SH波作用下浅埋隧洞的动应力集中特性

针对平面SH波作用下浅埋隧洞的动力响应问题,采用复变函数和多极坐标方法,研究了入射波频率、入射角度以及隧洞埋深对隧洞动应力的影响规律。研究结果表明:低频波入射时隧洞埋深对动应力集中系数分布影响不大,但高频波入射时影响较为明显;随着入射波与水平面角度逐渐增大,隧洞动应力集中系数(dynamics stress concentration factor,DSCF)分布越来越复杂,最大值从低频段逐渐转移到高频段;当入射角θ0>0时,最大DSCF略大于3,远大于深埋隧道的2.3;当θ0=0、波数小于0.5且隧洞埋深h>4a(a为半径)时,最大DSCF的谱分布较均匀,此时从最大DSCF的角度可将隧洞近似当成深埋隧洞来分析入射波对隧洞的动力作用。

直角平面内圆形弹性夹杂对稳态入射平面SH波的模糊散射

用多极坐标移动技术、格拉夫(Graf)加法公式和扩张原理研究含模糊波数直角平面内圆形弹性夹杂对稳态入射平面SH(shearing horizontal)波的模糊散射问题。首先利用直角平面两直角边界应力自由条件写出介质内的自由波场和散射波场;其次,利用圆形弹性夹杂边界处的应力和位移连续条件、傅里叶级数展开和Graf加法公式得到确定散射波函数中未知系数的无穷线性代数方程组。为了利用模糊波数的模糊信息,将模糊波数理解为模糊参数,将其支集等距划分,利用扩张原理通过确定性方法间接得到划分节点处的模糊波场值及其隶属度。实际计算表明,该算法收敛速度快,计算精度高,数值结果稳定,且能克服求解模糊波响应隶属度信息的困难。

填充密度对中空纤维膜接触器精馏过程壳程传质的影响

探讨了填充密度对新型聚丙烯中空纤维膜接触器精馏过程中壳程传质的影响。中空纤维膜接触器在填充密度为4.7%、9.5%、19%时均可在远离常规填料液泛线以上的气速范围操作。低填充密度下,壳程的Sher-wood数理论值大于实验值,但填充密度较高时,实验值大于理论值。高Reynolds数有利于壳程传质,低填充密度时的Sherwood数高于高填充密度时。随着F因子逐步增大,壳程气相传质阻力随之变小,且膜接触器的填充密度越高,气相传质阻力越大。3种不同填充密度膜接触器的气相总传质系数随着接触器填充密度的增大而迅速减小,由391.84×10-5m·s-1降低为83.28×10-5m·s-1。

板式间接蒸发冷却器传热传质系数的研究

间接蒸发冷却器内涉及同时发生的传热与传质过程,传热传质机理非常复杂。本文在数值模拟基础上分析了温度场与浓度场、局部Nu数与局部Sh数的分布特点以及不同因素对平均Nu数和平均Sh数的影响。应用一个无量纲数θ以考虑二次空气干、湿球温度和一次空气干球温度对对流传热传质的影响。拟合得到了平均Nu数与平均Sh数关于Re数和无量纲数θ的计算式。该结果为板式间接蒸发冷却器的设计提供了理论指导。

烟气在陶瓷膜管内对流凝结换热实验研究

为了研究烟气中水蒸气在陶瓷膜管内的热、质传递规律,通过烟气在单根陶瓷膜管内的对流凝结换热实验,研究了不同烟气参数(流量、温度和相对湿度)和冷却水流量对烟气对流凝结Sherwood数、烟气对流凝结Nusselt数和烟气显热、潜热换热量的影响。实验结果表明:烟气对流凝结Sherwood数、Nusselt数随烟气流量、温度和相对湿度的增加而上升,Sherwood数随冷却水流量增加基本不变,Nusselt数随冷却水流量增加显著上升;烟气潜热换热量与烟气对流凝结Sherwood数呈相同变化趋势,烟气显热换热量随烟气相对湿度、冷却水流量增加而上升,烟气流量大于10 L/min时,烟气显热换热量增长趋于平缓,烟气温度对烟气显热换热量没有影响。研究结果对于陶瓷膜在电厂实际烟气中应用具有指导意义。

Experimental mass transfer coefficients in a pilot plant multistage column extractor

The volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients in a multistage column have been measured using axial dispersion model for toluene–acetone–water system. The effect of operating parameters on the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients has been investigated for both mass transfer directions. The results show that the mass transfer performance is strongly dependent on rotor speed and mass transfer direction, although only slightly dependent on phase flow rates. In addition, empirical correlations to predict the overall mass transfer coefficients have been developed. The proposed correlations based on dimensionless numbers can be considered as a useful tool for the possible scale up of the multistage column extractor.

Effect of Marangoni Convection on Mass Transfer in Liquid Phase

Marangoni convection and its influence on the mass transter in the liquid phase were investigated. Marangoni convection was visualized using laser Schlieren technique, Orderly polygonal convection patterns and random interfacial turbulence were observed. The effect of Marangoni convection on the mass transfer rate was studied by desorbing ethanol from aqneous solution in the falling film. The experimental results show that Marangoni convection can speed up the surface real and enhance the mass transfer rate in the liquid phase.The liquid mass transfer coefficient can be enhanced by as much as 3 folds. The corresponding empirical correlations are given in terms of the mass transfer enhancement factor. Furthermore, in considering the Marangoni effect, the conventional mass transfer correlation was modified, The differences between the values predicted by the correlation and the experimental data are within ±8.2% and the average difference is 4.2%.

Effects of second diffusing component and cross diffusion on primary and secondary thermoconvective instabilities in couple stress liquids

Linear and weakly nonlinear analyses are made for the Rayleigh-Benard convection in two-component couple-stress liquids with the Soret effect. Conditions for pitchfork, Hopf, Takens-Bogdanov, and codimension-two bifurcations are presented. The Lorenz model is used to study the inverted bifurcation. Positive values of the Soret coefficient favor a pitchfork bifurcation, whereas negative values favor a Hopf bifurcation. Takens-Bogdanov and codimension-two bifurcations are not as much influenced by the Soret coefficient as pitchfork and Hopf bifurcations. The influence of the Soret coefficient on the inverted bifurcation is similar to the influence on the pitchfork bifurcation. The in- fluence of other parameters on the aforementioned bifurcations is also similar as reported earlier in the literature. Using the Newell-Whitehead-Segel equation, the condition for occurrence of Eckhaus and zigzag secondary instabilities is obtained. The domain of ap- pearance of Eckhaus and zigzag instabilities expands due to the presence of the Soret coefficient for positive values. The Soret coefficient with negative values enhances heat transport, while positive values diminish it in comparison with heat transport for the case without the Soret effect. The dual nature of other parameters in influencing heat and mass transport is shown by considering positive and negative values of the Soret coefficient.

基于未知信源数目改进DOA估计的研究

针对智能天线信源数目SH准则和AIC准则算法复杂,具有人为因素干扰,以及传统DOA算法主要针对线阵分析,达不到应有的精度和测量整个空间的目的。首先介绍传统智能算法,阐述了SH准则、AIC准则的原理,同时给出了改进算法模型,以及改进DOA估计的模型。实验结果表明,在白噪声干扰情况下,运用改进准则可以减少人为因素的影响,加快算法速度;改进的DOA估计可以降低白噪声的干扰,在整个空间上对接收信号进行了分析,提高准确率。

Arc-length technique for nonlinear finite element analysis

Nonlinear solution of reinforced concrete structures, particularly complete load-deflection response, requires tracing of the equilibrium path and proper treatment of the limit and bifurcation points. In this regard, ordinary solution techniques lead to instability near the limit points and also have problems in case of snap-through and snap-back. Thus they fail to predict the complete load-displacement response. The arc-length method serves the purpose well in principle, received wide acceptance in finite element analysis, and has been used extensively. However modifications to the basic idea are vital to meet the particular needs of the analysis. This paper reviews some of the recent developments of the method in the last two decades, with particular emphasis on nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures.

Thermo-diffusion effects on MHD stagnation point flow towards a stretching sheet in a nanofuid

Thermodiffusion effects on stagnation point flow of a nanofuid towards a stretching surface with applied magnetic field is presented.Similarity transforms are applied to reduce the equations that govem the flow to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.Runge-K utta-Fehlberg method is applied to solve the sy stem.Results are compared with existing solutions that are special cases to our problem.Concrete graphical analysis is carried out to study the effects of different emerging parameters such as stretching ratio A,mag netic infuence parameter M,Prandtl number Pr,Lewis number Le,Brownian motion parameter Nb,thermophoresis parameter Nr,nanofluid Lewis number Ln,modified Dufour parameter Nd and Dufour solutal number Ld coupled with comprehensive discussions.Numerical effects of local Nusselt number,local Sherwood number and nanofluid Sherwood number are also discussed.

Thermal optimization of MHD nanofluid over a wedge by using response surface methodology:Sensitivity analysis

It is well documented that heat transfer is enhanced with addition of nanosized particles in fluid.But,in a mechanical system there are variety of factors influences the heat transfer.Some factors are significant while others are not.In this paper,authors will discuss sensitivity of different input parameters such as Le,Nt and Nb on output responses𝑁Nu_(x)and Sh_(x).To achieve this goal,the problem is modeled using basic conservation laws.The formulated model is a set of PDEs,which are converted to set of non-linear ODEs by using similarity transformation.Then these ODEs are solved numerically by using MATLAB built in package bvp4c and compared the numerical results with existing work and found good results.Sensitivity analysis is performed by employing RSM to determine the relationship between the input parameters such that 0.1≤Le≤1,0.1≤Nt≤1 and 0.1≤Nb≤1 and the output responses(Nu_(x)and Sh_(x)).ANOVA tables are generated by using RSM.By using the ANOVA tables the correlations between input parameters and output response are developed.To check the validity of correlated equations,the residuals are plotted graphically and show best correlations between input parameters and output responses.The high values of R^(2)=98.65 and AdjR^(2)=97.43 for Nu_(x)and R^(2)=97.83 and AdjR^(2)=95.88 for Sh_(x)demonstrates the high validity of ANOVA results to perform sensitivity analysis.Finally,we have conducted a sensitivity analysis of the responses and came to the important results that Nt and Nb is most sensitive to Nusselt number and Sherwood number respectively.

膜内气压和液相流速对无泡膜曝气氧传质性能的影响

探究了膜内气压（P）及液相流速对无泡膜曝气氧传质性能的影响。结果表明，当P在2kPa以下时，随着P增加，氧传质系数增加；当P为2～10kPa时，随着P增加，氧传质系数逐渐降低。当液相流速从0．014m／s增加到0．041m／s时，氧传质系数呈上升趋势，但增加幅度不大。同时给出了膜曝气反应器内舍伍德数（Sh）随膜内气压、雷诺数（Re）和施密特数（So）的变化关系式，当P为0～2kPa时，跏与P呈正相关，说明氧传质性能随压强的升高而增强；当P为2～10kPa时，肌与P呈负相关，说明此时氧传质性能随压强的升高而减弱。

Effects of chemical reaction and heat generation/absorption on magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)Casson fluid flow over an exponentially accelerated vertical plate embedded in porous medium with ramped wall temperature and ramped surface concentration

This article studies effects of heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)Casson fluid flow past over exponentially accelerated vertical plate embedded in porous medium.It is assumed that the bounding plate has ramped temperature with ramped surface concentration and isothermal temperature with ramped surface concentration.This phenomenon is modeled in the form of system of partial differential equations with initial and boundary conditions.The goveming dimensionless equations are solved using Laplace transfom technique and expressions for velocity,temperature and concentration profiles are obtained.Expressions for skin friction,Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also derived and represented in tabular form.Effect of pertinent parameters on velocity,temperature and concentration profiles are presented through graphically.

Heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)Casson fluid flow past over an oscillating vertical plate embedded in porous medium with ramped wall temperature

The present paper is concerned with the study of flow,heat and mass transfer characteristics in the unsteady natural convective magneto hydrodynamics Casson fluid flow past over an oscillating vertical plate.The governing partial differential equations are solved analytically using Laplace transform technique and numerically using Matlab software.Expressions of skin friction,Nusselt number and Sherwood number are obtained.The features of the fluid flow,heat and mass transfer characteristics are analyzed by plotting graphs and the physical aspects are discussed in detail.

Biomathematical model for gyrotactic free-forced bioconvection with oxygen diffusion in near-wall transport within a porous medium fuel cell

Bioconvection has shown significant promise for environmentally friendly,sustainable“green”fuel cell technologies.The improved design of such systems requires continuous refinements in biomatheatical modeling in conjunction with laboratory and fieldtesting.Motivated by exploring deeper the near-wall transport phenomena involved inbio-inspired fuel cells,in the present paper,we examine analytically and numericallythe combined free-forced convective steady boundary layer flow from a solid verticalflat plate embedded in a Darcian porous medium containing gyrotactic microorganisms.Gyrotaxis is one of the many taxes exhibited in biological microscale transport,andother examples include magneto-taxis,photo-taxis,chemotaxis and geo-taxis (reflecting the response of microorganisms to magnetic field,light,chemical concentration orgravity,respectively). The bioconvection fuel cell also contains difusing oxygen specicswhich mimics the cathodic behavior in a proton exchange membrane(PEM) systei.Thevertical wall is maintained at isosolutal (constant oxygen volume fraction and motilemicroorganism density) and iso-thermal conditions. Wall values of these quantities aresustained at higher values than the ambient temperature and concentration of oxygenand biological microorganism specics.Similarity transformations are applied to renderthe governing partial differential equations for mass,momentum,energy,oxygen speciesand microorganism species density into a system of ordinary differential equations. Theemerging eight order nonlinear coupled,ordinary differential boundary value problemfeatures several important dimensionless control parameters,namely Lewis number(Le),buoyancy ratio paraneter i.e. ratio of oxygen species buoyancy force to thermal buoy-ancy force(Nr), bioconvection Rayleigh number(Rb), bioconvection Lewis number(Lb),bioconvection Peclet number(Pe) and the mixed convection parameter(e) spanning theentire range of free and forced convection. The transformed nonlinear system of equationswith boundary conditions is solved numerically by a finite difference met.hod with centraldifferencing,tridiagonal matrix manipulation and an iterative procedure.Computationsare validated with the symbolic Maple 14.0 software.The influence of buoyancy andbioconvection parameters on the dimensionless temperature,velocity,oxygen concentration and motile microorganism density distribution,Nusselt,Sherwood and gradient ofmotile microorganism density are studied. The work clearly shows the benefit of utilizingbiological organisms in fuel cell design and presents a logical biomathematical modeling framework for simulating such systems.In particular,the deployment of gyrotacticmicroorganisns is shown to stimulate improved transport characteristics in heat andmormentum at the fuel cell wall.

Axisymmetric Stagnation-Point Flow of Nanofluid Over a Stretching Surface

This paper investigates the laminar boundary layer flow of nanofluid induced by a radially stretching sheet.Nanofluid model exhibiting Brownian motion and thermophoresis is used.Series solutions for a reduced system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are obtained by homotopy analysis method(HAM).Comparative study between the HAM solutions and previously published numerical results shows an excellent agreement.Velocity,temperature and mass fraction are displayed for various values of parameters.The local skin friction coefficient,the local Nusselt number and the local Sherwood number are computed.It is observed that the presence of nanoparticles enhances the thermal conductivity of base fluid.It is found that the convective heat transfer coefficient(Nusselt number)is decreased with an increase in concentration of nanoparticles whereas Sherwood number increases when concentration of nanoparticles in the base fluid is increased.

A study of heat and mass transfer on magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)flow of nanoparticles

Investigation of the flow,heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid over a suddenly moved flat plate is presented using Buongiorno's model.This study is different from some of the previous studies as the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis on nanoparticles volume fraction are passively controlled on the boundary rather than actively.The partial differential equations governing the flow are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.Viable similarity transforms are used for this purpose.A well-known numerical scheme called Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method coupled with shooting procedure has been used to find the solution of resulting system of equations.Discussions on the effects of different emerging parameters is provided using graphical aid.A table is also given that provides the results of different parameters on local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers.The passive control model can be used to control the boundary layer thickness as well as the rate of mass transfer at the wall.