Research on Feature Extraction Method for Low-Speed Reciprocating Bearings Based on Segmented Short Signal Modulation Signal Bispectrum Slicing

Bearing condition monitoring and fault diagnosis (CMFD) can investigate bearing faults in the early stages, preventing the subsequent impacts of machine bearing failures effectively. CMFD for low-speed, non-continuous operation bearings, such as yaw bearings and pitch bearings in wind turbines, and rotating support bearings in space launch towers, presents more challenges compared to continuous rolling bearings. Firstly, these bearings have very slow speeds, resulting in weak collected fault signals that are heavily masked by severe noise interference. Secondly, their limited rotational angles during operation lead to a restricted number of fault signals. Lastly, the interference from deceleration and direction-changing impact signals significantly affects fault impact signals. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a method for extracting fault features in low-speed reciprocating bearings based on short signal segmentation and modulation signal bispectrum (MSB) slicing. This method initially separates short signals corresponding to individual cycles from the vibration signals based on encoder signals. Subsequently, MSB analysis is performed on each short signal to generate MSB carrier-slice spectra. The optimal carrier frequency and its corresponding modulation signal slice spectrum are determined based on the carrier-slice spectra. Finally, the MSB modulation signal slice spectra of the short signal set are averaged to obtain the overall average feature of the sliced spectra.

Intelligent Diagnosis of Short Hydraulic Signal Based on Improved EEMD and SVM with Few Low-dimensional Training Samples

The high accurate classification ability of an intelligent diagnosis method often needs a large amount of training samples with high-dimensional eigenvectors, however the characteristics of the signal need to be extracted accurately. Although the existing EMD（empirical mode decomposition） and EEMD（ensemble empirical mode decomposition） are suitable for processing non-stationary and non-linear signals, but when a short signal, such as a hydraulic impact signal, is concerned, their decomposition accuracy become very poor. An improve EEMD is proposed specifically for short hydraulic impact signals. The improvements of this new EEMD are mainly reflected in four aspects, including self-adaptive de-noising based on EEMD, signal extension based on SVM（support vector machine）, extreme center fitting based on cubic spline interpolation, and pseudo component exclusion based on cross-correlation analysis. After the energy eigenvector is extracted from the result of the improved EEMD, the fault pattern recognition based on SVM with small amount of low-dimensional training samples is studied. At last, the diagnosis ability of improved EEMD＋SVM method is compared with the EEMD＋SVM and EMD＋SVM methods, and its diagnosis accuracy is distinctly higher than the other two methods no matter the dimension of the eigenvectors are low or high. The improved EEMD is very propitious for the decomposition of short signal, such as hydraulic impact signal, and its combination with SVM has high ability for the diagnosis of hydraulic impact faults.

Wavelet threshold method of resolving noise interference in periodic short-impulse signals chaotic detection

The chaotic oscillator has already been considered as a powerful method to detect weak signals, even weak signals accompanied with noises. However, many examples, analyses and simulations indicate that chaotic oscillator detection system cannot guarantee the immunity to noises （even white noise）. In fact the randomness of noises has a serious or even a destructive effect on the detection results in many cases. To solve this problem, we present a new detecting method based on wavelet threshold processing that can detect the chaotic weak signal accompanied with noise. All theoretical analyses and simulation experiments indicate that the new method reduces the noise interferences to detection significantly, thereby making the corresponding chaotic oscillator that detects the weak signals accompanied with noises more stable and reliable.

THE CHAOTIC DETECTION OF PERIODIC SHORT-IMPULSE SIGNALS UNDER STRONG NOISE BACKGROUND

The periodic short-impulse signals under strong noise background are successfully detected with a special chaotic system invented by the authors. Simulation experiments show that the chaotic system is very sensitive to periodic short-impulse signals submerged by strong noise background, and it can effectively restrain any zero-mean noise. The system has a stable working-detection limit of -83dB.

Anti-aliasing nonstationary signals detecion algorithm based on interpolation in the frequency domain using the short time Fourier transform

To eliminate the aliasing that appeared during the measurement of multi-components nonstationary signals, a novel kind of anti-aliasing algorithm based on the short time Fourier transform （STFT） is brought forward. First the physical essence of aliasing that occurs is analyzed; second the interpolation algorithm model is setup based on the Hamming window; then the fast implementation of the algorithm using the Newton iteration method is given. Using the numerical simulation the feasibility of algorithm is validated. Finally, the electrical circuit experiment shows the practicality of the algorithm in the electrical engineering.

Identifying Possible Climate Change Signals Using Meteorological Parameters in Short-Term Fire Weather Variability for Russian Boreal Forest in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The Boreal forest is a terrestrial ecosystem highly vulnerable to the impacts of short-term climate and weather variabilities. Detecting abrupt, rapid climate-induced changes in fire weather and related changes in fire seasonality can provide important insights to assessing impacts of climate change on forestry. This paper, taking the Sakha Republic of Russia as study area, aims to suggest an approach for detecting signals indicating climate-induced changes in fire weather to express recent fire weather variability by using short-term ranks of major meteorological parameters such as air temperature and atmospheric precipitation. Climate data from the “Global Summary of the Day Product” of NOAA (the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) for 1996 to 2018 were used to investigate meteorological parameters that drive fire activity. The detection of the climate change signals is made through a 4-step analysis. First, we used descriptive statistics to grasp monthly, annual, seasonal and peak fire period characteristics of fire weather. Then we computed historical normals for WMO reference period, 1961-1990, and the most recent 30-year period for comparison with the current means. The variability of fire weather is analyzed using standard deviation, coefficient of variation, percentage departures from historical normals, percentage departures from the mean, and precipitation concentration index. Inconsistency and abrupt changes in the evolution of fire weather are assessed using homogeneity analysis whilst a Mann-Kendall test is used to detect significant trends in the time series. The results indicate a significant increase of temperature during spring and fall months, which extends the fire season and potentially contributes to increase of burned areas. We again detected a significant rainfall shortage in September which extended the fire season. Furthermore, this study suggests a new approach in statistical methods appropriate for the detection of climate change signals on fire weather variability using short-term climate ranks and evaluation of its impact on fire seasonality and activity.

Short-Term Sinusoidal Modeling of an Oriental Music Signal by Using CQT Transform

In this paper, we propose a method for characterizing a musical signal by extracting a set of harmonic descriptors reflecting the maximum information contained in this signal. We focus our study on a signal of oriental music characterized by its richness in tone that can be extended to 1/4 tone, taking into account the frequency and time characteristics of this type of music. To do so, the original signal is slotted and analyzed on a window of short duration. This signal is viewed as the result of a combined modulation of amplitude and frequency. For this result, we apply short-term the non-stationary sinusoidal modeling technique. In each segment, the signal is represented by a set of sinusoids characterized by their intrinsic parameters: amplitudes, frequencies and phases. The modeling approach adopted is closely related to the slot window;therefore great importance is devoted to the study and the choice of the kind of the window and its width. It must be of variable length in order to get better results in the practical implementation of our method. For this purpose, evaluation tests were carried out by synthesizing the signal from the estimated parameters. Interesting results have been identified concerning the comparison of the synthesized signal with the original signal.

定点形变数据中暂态短持时异常信号的检测方法研究

分别将线性叠加及零延迟相乘算法用于人工合成数据中的暂态信号检测实验,对比2种算法在暂态信号识别中的效果。结果表明,将同台多道、多台多道数据进行零延时相乘能够更有效地压制数据中的干扰和噪声,使准同步暂态信号得到放大凸显,实现暂态异常信号的初步检测与识别。在此基础上,利用零延时相乘算法处理2002~2022年云南定点形变观测数据,从中识别出11组暂态短持时信号,并进一步分析信号与云南境内M_(S)5.0以上地震的时空关联性。

基于奇异谱分析和辛几何模态分解的短期碳排放预测模型

在短时期内对碳排放水平进行评估和规划,对制定精准的减排目标和有效的政策措施可以起到辅助作用。将奇异谱分析分解法(Singular spectrum analysis decomposition,SSAD)和辛几何模态分解(Symplectic geometry mode decomposition,SGMD)组合成新型的二次信号分解法,并应用于每日碳排放量预测。在对原始序列进行二次分解之后,利用快速傅里叶变换对子序列进行重构,并应用偏自相关函数来选择合适的输入变量。最后,利用麻雀搜索算法(Sparrow search algorithm,SSA)对长短期记忆网络(Long short-term memory network,LSTM)进行优化,建立了SSAD-SGMD-SSA-LSTM模型。通过与其他模型进行对比实验,发现SSAD-SGMD二次分解更加适合碳排放时间序列预处理,并且可以进一步提高预测精度。SSAD-SGMD模型与集成经验模态分解和变分模态分解相结合的二次分解模型相比,模型的可决系数R2提高了1.83%,平均绝对百分比误差(Mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)有所降低,均方根误差(Root mean square error,RMSE)降低了43.16%。此外,经过SSA优化后的LSTM模型,R2提高了1.49%,MAPE有所降低,RMSE降低了38.64%。所提出的模型能够有效提升短期碳排放预测的准确性。

拟南芥根的辐射形态相关基因SHORT-ROOT研究进展

从模式植物拟南芥中克隆得到的SHORT-ROOT基因(SHR)被证明参与根部形态建成途径。目前已知SHR是与根辐射形态直接相关的重要调控因子,同时也参与维持根尖分生组织的活性。SHR既作为转录因子启动下游基因的表达,又作为短程信号调节根的发育。本文综述了SHR相关研究进展,并展望其研究前景。

基于CNN-NLSTM的脑电信号注意力状态分类方法

通过脑电信号进行注意力状态检测,对扩大脑-机接口技术的应用范围具有重要意义。为了提高注意力状态的分类准确率,该文提出一种基于CNN-NLSTM的脑电信号分类模型。首先采用Welch方法获得脑电信号的功率谱密度特征并将其表示为二维灰度图像。然后使用卷积神经网络从灰度图像中学习表征注意力状态的特征,并将相关特征输入到嵌套长短时记忆神经网络依次获得所有时间步骤的注意力特征。最后将两个网络依次连接来构建深度学习框架进行注意力状态分类。实验结果表明,该文所提出的模型通过进行多次5-折交叉验证评估后得到89.26%的平均分类准确率和90.40%的最大分类准确率,与其他模型相比具有更好的分类效果和稳定性。

基于FMCW雷达的人体生命体征信号预测算法

将FMCW雷达检测到的人体生命体征信号,用于预测未来一段时间内人体生命体征信号是否异常,具有明显的应用价值。该方向当前研究主要针对如何进一步降低重构误差、提升生命体征信号的预测精度。为此,本文提出一种自适应变分模态分解-长短期记忆神经网络的生命体征信号预测方法。针对静止状态下的人体,通过雷达采集到的生命体征信号,采用粒子群算法优化变分模态分解VMD的模态分量个数K和惩罚系数α的值,实现自适应选取后用于VMD分解,再将分解后的模态分量进行叠加重构。采用粒子群算法优化长短期记忆网络模型中的网络层数、学习率、正则化系数等3个参数,自适应选取合适的参数组合,将重构后的信号通过优化后的LSTM网络进行预测。实验结果显示本文所提预测方法在10位志愿者的预测结果与原始数据的均方根误差平均值为0.017 188 9,平均绝对误差的平均值为0.007 158,相较于当前其他研究,预测精度上有明显提升。

基于ConvLSTM的风机轴承寿命预测

针对普通滚动轴承寿命预测模型在提取特征过程中存在特征提取不充分、预测误差大等问题,提出了基于双通道的卷积长短时记忆网络(ConvLSTM)风机轴承寿命预测模型。首先,将原始轴承振动信号进行小波阈值去噪,去除振动信号中的噪声干扰;其次,为充分提取特征采用双通道提取振动信号特征,其中一路为轴承振动信号信息,另一路为频域幅值信号;然后,采用ConvLSTM模型进行特征提取,该模型可同时兼顾空间局部特征和时间序列上的依赖关系,具有良好的特征提取能力;最后,将两路特征融合深入到全连接层,输出模型预测结果;此外,为提高模型预测准确率,还对损失函数作了相应改进。实验结果表明,所提模型轴承剩余寿命预测误差百分比均在20%以下,其误差百分比小于其他基于深度学习的模型。

抑制新能源次/超同步振荡的SVG鲁棒自适应控制参数设计方法

现有抑制新能源次/超同步振荡的静止无功发生器(SVG)控制设计方法大多针对单一运行场景,难以确保运行工况变化下系统的小干扰鲁棒稳定性。为此,提出了一种抑制新能源次/超同步振荡的SVG鲁棒自适应控制参数设计方法。论证了短路比(SCR)可用于评估运行工况变化下含SVG的新能源并网系统小干扰稳定裕度;基于短路比分析方法,发现了代表系统小干扰稳定性最差的关键运行工况;基于H_(∞)控制理论,提出了一种关键运行工况下SVG控制参数鲁棒自适应设计方法。该方法能确保含SVG的新能源并网系统在运行工况变化下系统的小干扰鲁棒稳定性。

激光点焊等离子体光信号同轴监测及其特性分析

激光焊接时产生的等离子体包含了许多可以反映焊接质量的相关信息。通过光电传感器采集等离子体的光信号可以有效监控激光焊接质量。本文搭建了激光点焊等离子体光信号的同轴监测系统,并对激光点焊过程中采集的光信号进行了短时能量分析。试验结果表明,在焊接起始阶段,工件表面对激光有较强的反射作用。当母材形成熔池以后,等离子体浓度逐渐增加,焊接过程趋于稳定,此时等离子体的光信号强度达到最大。随着焊接时间的增加,熔池发生塌陷,等离子体的稳定性变差,光信号的强度变弱且波动变大。工件被焊穿的瞬间,等离子体光信号强度明显减小。

高动态短猝发扩频自适应信号快捕系统设计

在高动态环境下,短猝发信号传输过程中往往会产生普勒频偏,增加扩频信号的捕获时间,甚至降低信号捕获信噪比,为实现对扩频自适应信号的快速、有效捕获,设计高动态短猝发扩频自适应信号快捕系统;系统硬件采用模块化设计方式,改装信号接收模块和滤波模块,从信号缓存和锁相环两个方面调整系统电路;在硬件系统支持下,通过扩频过程的模拟确定高动态短猝发扩频信号特征,通过特征匹配实现对高动态环境中短猝发扩频信号的自适应搜索;计算捕获长度、频率、门限等参数,实现系统的短猝发扩频自适应信号快速捕获功能;实验结果表明,在无噪声条件下,优化设计系统输出扩频信号信噪比的平均值为141.6,捕获时间平均为8 s,捕获面积平均为90 km^(2);在有噪声条件下,系统输出扩频信号信噪比的平均值为121.8,捕获时间为10 s,捕获面积为130 km^(2)。

基于LSTM和响应分解的冲击载荷识别方法研究

同一量级的冲击载荷所产生的动响应要远大于静态响应,因此准确识别冲击载荷对于航空器结构件的动强度设计、校核与结构健康监测都具有重要意义。该文章提出的方法主要针对一般线性结构的冲击载荷识别问题,从实测冲击响应应变信号出发,主要解决了冲击载荷与响应信号样本长度不一致这一突出矛盾。首先基于冲击响应信号分解方法来进行振动信号特征提取,然后基于长短期记忆神经网络对载荷和响应信号样本特征进行映射,从而实现冲击载荷识别。通过对挂架模型实测冲击载荷信号进行识别,结果表明4种工况下,该方法识别的冲击载荷的均方根相对误差小于0.6,相关系数大于0.94。结果初步表明,在理想的试验环境中,该方法具备一定的识别精度。

基于HHT-LSTM的冬奥会临时设施运行趋势预测方法研究

针对冬奥会延庆赛区临时设施的安全性和可使用性,本文充分结合信号处理算法与深度神经网络,提出了一种由希尔伯特黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,HHT)对时序数据进行信号分解和信号特征提取,长短期记忆网络(long short-term memory,LSTM)进行临时设施运行趋势预测2部分构成模型。该模型基于受严寒天气和大客流诱发的看台振动等一系列外因影响所测得的真实振动和倾角数据,实现对设施进行有效的预测,以避免发生安全问题,解决了由于受数据中一些无关特征因素的干扰导致预测准确度低的问题。论文提出的方法与循环神经网络(recurrent neural network,RNN)、门控循环网络(gated recurrent neural network,GRU)、双向RNN和双向GRU等运行趋势预测方法进行比较,验证了本文方法的可行性和有效性,实验结果也说明所提出的模型在此类任务中表现非常出色。

短波多音信号并行干扰消除解调算法

为了对抗严重的多径效应,短波通信系统经常采用多音并行方式进行信息传输,结合快速傅里叶(FFT)算法对信号进行调制和解调。部分通信系统的帧周期不满足载波间正交的条件,传统算法采用截断每帧信号的方式恢复载波正交条件后使用FFT算法进行解调,削弱了信号的空间分集增益。针对以上问题提出一种基于并行干扰消除策略的多音信号并行解调算法,通过构建干扰消除矩阵,在不牺牲信号帧长度的前提下实现解调,仿真实验证明了所提算法的有效性。

基于IWOA-VMD的永磁同步电机匝间短路故障振动信号去噪方法

针对永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)匝间短路故障振动信号易受噪声干扰导致故障特征难以准确提取的问题,提出一种改进鲸鱼优化算法(improved whale optimization algorithm,IWOA)优化变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD),并将其应用于PMSM匝间短路故障振动信号去噪。首先在传统鲸鱼优化算法中引入非线性收敛因子、自适应权重和柯西算子,利用IWOA算法对VMD参数进行寻优来实现信号的自适应分解。然后根据多尺度排列熵-方差贡献率最优模态分量选取原则将信号分量分为噪声主导分量和有效信号分量,对噪声主导分量进行非局部均值滤波(non-local mean filtering,NLM)去噪。最后将去噪分量与有效信号分量重构为去噪信号。使用ANSYS有限元软件建立了电机短路故障模型,并搭建了短路故障实验平台,利用该方法对仿真与实测信号进行去噪处理,并与小波阈值去噪等去噪方法进行对比分析,得出仿真信号的信噪比从8 dB提升至20.2738 dB,实测信号的信噪比相较于小波阈值去噪提高了77.01%,验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。