Xu Shuwei,master of school of cold-induced diseases

Xu Shuwei,also known as Xu Zike and Xu Jinquan,was from Baisha,Zhengzhou(present Yizheng,Jiangsu Province).He was a famous master of the school of cold-induced diseases.His writings included the Hundred Patterns of Cold-Induced Diseases in Rhymes(Shang Han Bai Zheng Ge),Discussing the Elaborations on the Subtleties of the Treatise on Cold-Induced Diseases(Shang Han Fa Wei Lun),Ninety Discussions on the Treatise on Cold-Induced Diseases(Shang Han Jiu Shi Lun),Zhonjing's Illustrations of 36 Pulse Conditions(Zhong Jing San Shi Liu Zhong Mai Fa Tu),etc.

Continuity and Change in Dao Yin:Comparing and Contrasting the Therapeutic Exercises in Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling,c.2nd Century BCE)and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases,610 CE)

The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.

On Chengzhai Poetic Style and Shu Culture

Yang Wanli,a renowned poet of the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279 AD),has left an indelible mark on the history of Chinese literature with his unique artistic style.He pioneered the Chengzhai Poetic Style,a unique approach characterized by simplicity,naturalness,freshness,and liveliness in poetic creation.This style marked a turning point in the development of Song poetry and exerted a profound influence on the subsequent trends of Song poetry.As such,he was hailed as a“Leader in Poetry”by his contemporaries.The Chengzhai Poetic Style was gradually formed during Yang’s creation course,under the influence of several important factors,including the Bashu culture and its aesthetic taste represented by Zhang Jun and Zhang Shi,the Zen philosophy that emphasizes liveliness prevailing in the Shu area,and the view that the“Chinese Yi-ology has its roots in the Shu area.”Meanwhile,in the Collected Works of Chengzhai(Chengzhai Ji),there are many poems and essays about the Bashu area,which have provided valuable feedback to the Bashu literature and enriched its content.

On the Rice Farming in the Shu Area During the Can Cong Period

The Bashu area was one of the most civilized agricultural areas in ancient China.Since the late Eastern Han Dynasty,it has been reputed as the“Land of Abundance”due to its abundant resources.Archaeological data show that the Shu area cultivated millet as early as the prehistoric period.The legend goes that Can Cong was the first ruler of the Shu area during the pre-Qin period,indicating that agricultural production at that time had made great progress compared with the prehistoric period.During this period,the agricultural pattern of the Shu area experienced profound changes,from dryland millet farming originating from the Western Sichuan Plateau to rice farming that is more suitable for Sichuan Basin,especially for the Chengdu Plain,where there are abundant rainfalls and high temperatures.Since then,rice farming has become a long-established farming tradition in the Shu area.The agricultural production tools and grain crop seeds unearthed from the Baodun site,where the archaeological remains of Can Cong Culture were discovered,show the prosperity of early agriculture in the Shu area.During the Baodun Culture period,the accelerated economic and social development in the Shu area promoted complicated and hierarchical changes in the social organization structure of settlements,which gradually evolved into early states.

Ten Characteristics of Ba-Shu Culture in the Global Context

First of all, the article identifies the highlights of the documentary The Romantic Shudao.It adopts a panoramic view of the broad Chinese cultural community and depicts the tangible Shudao(road to the Shu area) and the intangible "Romance" associated with it by combining the oral history and collective memory as perceived by common people.The vivid stories can easily reach a wide audience and can thus help to enhance people's confidence in the ever-prospering local Ba-Shu culture.Secondly, the article explains the ten major characteristics of the Ba-Shu culture by looking at the wonderful ecological landscape, the mystical culture and literature, and the magic spiritual aesthetics of the area in an international and modern context.It also studies the Ba-Shu cultural community and the origins, historical development, and main features of the city clusters within the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and analyzes the historical and practical values of building a cultural corridor connecting Chengdu and Chongqing.

SHU 9119对小鼠发情周期中Ghrelin表达的影响

为了研究SHU9119与ghrelin之间的潜在的生理学关系,本试验选择4周龄的C57BL/6小鼠下丘脑和卵巢组织为研究材料,对小鼠发情周期中SHU9119介导的ghrelin mRNA在下丘脑和卵巢部位表达水平进行研究。结果表明,正常生理条件下小鼠间情期下丘脑保持较高水平的ghrelin mRNA表达,而在卵巢内其表达水平相对较低;腹腔注射SHU9119(50μg/kg体重)可极显著抑制下丘脑中ghrelin mRNA的表达(P<0.01),同时显著促进小鼠间情期卵巢Ghrelin mRNA的表达(P<0.05)。然而,SHU9119并未引起小鼠发情前期、发情期和发情后期ghrelin mRNA表达量的显著差异。上述结果表明,SHU9119可能通过MC4R系统调节间情期小鼠ghrelin的变化,而不参与其他性周期ghrelin mRNA表达量的相关调控。

SHU555A标记间充质千细胞心肌内磁共振成像的策略优化

目的目前研究表明,超顺磁性氧化铁颗粒标记干细胞后,可进行心肌内移植磁共振活体示踪,但由于标记效率较低,加上大动物心电门控和呼吸控制效果较差,磁共振图像质量差强人意。本实验采用SHU555A(Resovist)纳米微粒标记猪骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),对标记方法和标记细胞磁共振成像进行方法学优化,以期提高磁共振成像质量。方法①细胞磁标记方法的优化:分离培养猪MSCs。将SHU555A和非特异性转染剂PLL以1:0．03的比例用无血清的DMEM培养液稀释,制成含铁终浓度分别为0、25、50、100和200 g／mL的SHU555A-PLL标记培养液,室温下轻摇混合60 min,形成SHU555A-PLL复合物,标记猪MSCs 24 h以确定最佳标记浓度;然后以该浓度与猪MSCs分别共孵育0、2、4、8、16、24和48 h,以确定最佳标记时间。反映不同条件下标记效率和标记毒性的检测指标包括:普鲁士蓝染色、细胞电子显微镜检查、细胞铁浓度测定(原子吸收分光光度仪)、锥虫蓝排除试验、细胞毒性和增殖活性测定(CCK-8试验)。②标记细胞心脏移植的磁共振成像优化:开胸结扎前降支建立猪急性心肌梗死模型10头,每头直视下经心外膜向左室梗死交界区心肌内缓慢注射(1-10)×106细胞,每点150μL,共3点。对植入猪心肌内的标记细胞进行体内磁共振成像。比较T2 * WI-Flash2d(快速小角度反转梯度回波序列)、T2*WI-MAP和钆喷酸葡胺静脉注射后T2*WI-Flash2d等3种成像方法的图像质量。结果①MSCs平均含铁量随着培养液中SHU555A浓度的增加而升高;但SHU555A浓度增加到100 g／mL时,细胞活力开始下降(P<0．01),并可见较多蓝染铁颗粒粘附于细胞表面甚至游离于细胞外;进一步增加到200 g／mL时,细胞存活率和细胞活力均下降(P分别<0．05、0．01)。MSCs平均含铁量随着共孵育时间的增加而相应升高:但共孵育48 h时,细胞存活率降低(P<0．05)。电子显微镜检查显示, 50:1．5μg／mL SHU555A-PLL 24 h标记方案在细胞和亚细胞水平未发现氧化铁的毒性作用。该方案体外磁共振T2*WI-GRE检测闽值为7．5×104细胞。②标记细胞心肌内移植磁共振成像发现,T2*WI-Flash2d图像平均评分为(2．00±0．82)分;72*WI-Map成像、钆喷酸葡胺注射后T2*WI-Flash2d图像平均评分均为(2．60±0．84)分,明显优于前者(P=0．024)。结论50:1．5μg／mL SHU555A-PLL培养液与猪MSCs共孵育24 h是合适的标记方案。1．5 T磁共振成像仪72*WI-Flash2df笋列可对植入心脏的磁标细胞进行活体显像,T2*I-Map成像、钆喷酸葡胺注射后T2*WI-Flash2d成像可显著提高图像质量。

On Wisdom of "Luo Shu" and Classical Chinese Garden Art

As a thinking pattern,"Luo Shu" has been widely used in the classical Chinese garden art with its core lying in the application of nine-palace square.This paper analyzed the wide application of "Luo Shu" wisdom in classical Chinese garden art,which can be summarized into 3 respects including the creation technique of yin and yang(masculine and feminine elements) contrast,the overall-balanced gardening concept and the aesthetic pursuit in curve design.Through analyzing the application of numbers in the "Luo Shu" pattern,the application of contrast,balance and harmony in classical Chinese garden were revealed.

An Elementary Study of the Unearthed Mathematics Book, Suanshu Shu

The transcription of the Suanshu Shu算數書(a bamboo book of mathematics)in simplified Chinese characters offers a new opportunity to explore the history of Chinese mathematics in ancient times.This paper analyzes the style and structure of the Suanshu Shu and makes comparisons with the Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures and a number of other texts in various social contexts.It will be shown that the Suanshu Shu was compiled from at least two sources,and that no direct textual interplay exists between the Suanshu Shu and the Nine Chapters,although both share the same origins in the Pre-Qin period when the major mathematical methods in the Nine Chapters came into being.It will also be shown that the Suanshu Shu was accomplished with the methods used in certain mathematical books in the Pre-Qin period or their results,which later led to the Nine Chapters,and by accommodating the actual conditions of the lower government administration.The Suanshu Shu is significant for establishing the evolution of algorithmic mathematics from the Warring States period to the Han dynasty.

A Commentary on Lo Chung-shu’s Human Rights Philosophy

In 1947,based on a questionnaire survey of luminaries from all over the world,the united Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural organization(uNESCo)put together an expert commission to study the philosophical foundations of human rights.Lo Chung-shu(Luo Zhongshu),a Chinese scholar who was part of the commission,contributed an article titled"Human Rights in the Chinese Tradition"to the program.He introduced traditional Chinese human rights concepts and proposed that every person in the world enjoys the rights to subsistence(the right to live),self-expression and happiness(the right to enjoyment).Lo’s exposition of the basic principles underlying human rights and the specific human rights he proposed were eventually embraced by the universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international treatises on human rights,a testament to his foresight and vision.

Therapeutic effects on spastic cerebral palsy in children Acupuncture and massage at the Shu and He acupoints versus routine acupoints

BACKGROUND： Based on clinical findings and syndromes, it has been previously shown that therapeutic methods for cerebral palsy can be greatly improved by selecting fewer, but more accurate acupoints. Therefore, greater therapeutic efficacy for cerebral palsy could be obtained by selecting the five Shu acupoints, which are located at the qi-intersecting point of the twelve meridians below the elbow and knee. OBJECTIVE： To treat children with spastic cerebral palsy using acupuncture and massage at the Shu and He points through a combination of rehabilitative training, and to compare the effects with routine acupuncture and massage. DESIGN： A randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING： Rehabilitation Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS： Sixty children with spastic cerebral palsy were selected from the Rehabilitation Center for Cerebral Palsy, Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2003 to February 2006. There were 38 boys and 22 girls, aged 10 months to 4 years old, muscle strength ranging from grade I to grade IV. The children were randomly divided into a treatment group （n =30） and a control group （n =30）. Informed consent for the therapeutic program was obtained from the relatives of all enrolled children. The study was approved by the Hospital＇s Ethical Committee. METHODS： All children were given exercise and occupational therapy based on standard treatments. （1） In the control group, the children were additionally treated with routine acupuncture and massage during the one-month basic rehabilitative training. The acupuncture needles were manipulated alternately at the acupoints of Jianyu, Shousanli, Binao, Hegu, Huantiao, Xuanzhong, and Biguan. They were treated once per day, 6 days a week, followed by one day of rest. The children＇s limbs were first massaged by pressing, stretching, rolling, and kneading. Then, the same acupuncture points were pressed with the thumb for 30 minutes each time, once a day, 6 days a week, followed by one day of rest. The treatment continued for 1 month. （2） In the treatment group, the children were administered acupuncture and massage at the Shu and He points during the one-month basic rehabilitative treatment. For acupuncture of the upper limbs, the following acupoints were used： Sanjian and Quchi of the Large Intestine Meridian of Hand-Yangming, and Houxi and Xiaohai of the Small Intestine Meridian of Hand-Taiyang. The acupoints were acupunctured alternately every other day. For acupuncture of the lower limbs, the following acupoints were used; Zulinqi and Yanglingquan of the Gall bladder Meridian of Foot-Shaoyang, Taibai and Yinlingquan of the Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyang, or Xiangu and Zusanli of the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming. The acupoints were acupunctured alternately every other day. Three needles were for the medial malleolus and three needles for the lateral malleolus. They were treated once a day, 6 days a week, followed by one day of rest. The children＇s limbs were first massaged by means of pressing, stretching, rolling, and kneading. The same acupuncture points were then pressed with the thumb for 0.5-1 minute at each point, 30 minutes each time, once a day, 6 days a week, followed by one day of rest. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using gross motor function measurements, as well as activity of daily living scale before and after treatment. RESULTS： All 60 enrolled children with spastic cerebral palsy were included in the final analysis of results. （1） Comparison of gross motor function scores： The gross motor function score after treatment was significantly higher in both the treatment group and control group than before treatment （t = -3.86 and -8.882, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The scores in the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group scores （t = -7.166, P 〈 0.01）. （2） Changes in activity of daily living scores： The scores for activity of daily living in the treatment group was significantly higher after treatment than before treatment （t = -3.933, P 〈 0.01）, and was also significantly higher than the control group （t = -0.671, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Acupuncture and massage at the Shu and He acupoints can significantly ameliorate motor function deficits and movement disabilities in children with spastic cerebral palsy. The therapeutic efficacy at these acupoints is better than routine acupuncture and massage.

THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRO-ACUPUNCTURE AT NEIGUAN AND FIVE SHU POINTS OF TWELVE REGULAR MERIDIANS AT DIFFERENT TIME ON SYSTOLIC TIME INTERVAL OF NORMAL YOUNG ADULTS

The influence of electro-acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6)and five shu points of twelve regular meridians at different time on systolic time interval (ST I) of normal young adultswere studied with 6×6 Latin square design in this work.In 12 groups according to 12 regular merldlans,the STIs were measured respectively just before and after electro-acupuncture on Neiguan andfive shu points at 00:00,04:00,08:00,12:00,16:00 and 20:00 of a day.It was found thatexcept the PEPI and PEPI/LVETI ratio among Shenmen(HT 7),Shaochong(HT 9)and Neiguan,Guanchong(TE)and Yemen(TE 2)points,the effects of electro-acupuncture at Neiguan pointand five shu points of twelve regular meridians on the indices of STI of normal young adults wereshowing no slgnificant differences.There also was no difference in different sex.But the indices ofSTI were changed when electroacupuncture on the different points of different meridians at differenttime.

Simultaneous quantification of five major active components in capsules of the traditional Chinese medicine 'Shu-Jin-Zhi-Tong' by high performance liquid chromatography

A simple and reliable high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of five major bioactive components in ＇Shu-Jin- Zhi-Tong＇ capsules （SJZTC）, for the purposes of quality control of this commonly prescribed traditional Chinese medicine. Under the optimum conditions, excellent separation was achieved, and the assay was fully validated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, stability and accuracy. The validated method was applied successfully to the determination of the five compounds in SJZTC samples from different production batches. The HPLC method can be used as a valid analytical method to evaluate the intrinsic quality of SJZTC.

Shu-Gan-Liang-Xue Decoction Simultaneously Down-regulates Expressions of Aromatase and Steroid Sulfatase in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Cells

Objective：Estradiol （E2） plays an important role in the development of breast cancer.In postmenopausal women,the estrogen can be synthesized via aromatase （CYP19） pathway and steroid-sulfatase （STS） pathway in peripheral tissues,when the production in ovary has ceased.The objective of our study was to explore the effects of Shu-Gan-Liang-Xue Decoction （SGLXD） on the expressions of CYP19 and STS in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cells.Methods：The effects of SGLXD on the cell viability of MCF-7 and T47D were analyzed by MTT assay.By quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot,we evaluated the mRNA and protein expressions of CYP19 and STS in MCF-7 and T47D cells after SGLXD treatment.Results：By MTT assay,the cell viability rates of MCF-7 and T47D were significantly inhibited by SGLXD in a dose-dependent manner,the IC50 values were 40.07 mg/ml for MCF-7 cells and 25.62 mg/ml for T47D cells,respectively.As evidenced by real-time PCR and Western blot,the high concentrations of SGLXD significantly down-regulated the expressions of CYP19 and STS both in the transcript level and the protein level.Conclusion：The results suggest that SGLXD is a potential dual aromatase-sulfatase inhibitor by simultaneously down-regulating the expressions of CYP19 and STS in MCF-7 and T47D cells.

CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF TREATING PAIN SYNDROME BY SHU(STREAM)POINTS OF HAND THREE YANG MERIDIANS

This article Introduces the clinical experience of treating pain syndrome by shu （stream）points of the hand three Yang meridians.The authors used the shu（stream）points for some pain syndromes.It develops the indications of shu（stream）points which used to be only applied to heavy sensations of the body and painful joints.It is highly important for the effective result to be the contralateral puncturing combined with doing exercises and a long retaining of needlles,such as one hour.Most of acute pain can be cured by one treatment.As for stubborn pain,It can be alleviated by 5—10 treatments.

Features of Gardens of Shu Kingdom in Pre-Qin Period of China

After the illustration of Shu Kingdom in pre-Qin period, the origin of Sichuan gardens has been discussed. Through the research on relevant materials of old Shu Kingdom, and by comparing with the archaeological discovery of Yangzi Mountain Terrace, the paper has proposed that the origin of Sichuan gardens can trace back to gardens in the period of Duyu King. It is considered that gardens in pre-Qin period are dominated by imperial gardens, emperors' or aristocratic cemeteries, among which the historical function and features of Yangzi Mountain Garden, Nanzhong Garden and Wudan Mountain Cemetery have been introduced. On this basis, characteristics of Sichuan gardens in pre-Qin period have been concluded, and the grand manner manifested through "Great Stone Worship" in ancient Shu Kingdom has been highlighted.

寻找徐SHU(短篇小说梗概)

晚上十点多了，山阳县县委书记杜明接到省委书记的秘书赵志高的电话。 “喂，是杜明书记吗？” “是我。” “我是省委王书记的秘书赵志高……”

Study on Lin Shu’s“Mistranslation”From the Perspective of Translation Ethics

From the appearance of ethics,it has the similar meaning of morality,but the latter one emphasizes more on the study of human’s behaviors,while the ethics would focus on the discussion of moral ethical norms for individuals and the whole society.As one of the most influential translators in late Qing China,Lin Shu makes his great efforts on introducing western literature and new thoughts to China.Referring to the study of Lin’s translations,it always mixed with praises and criticisms,therefore the“faithfulness”in his translations or not would be the main point to discuss.From the perspective of translation ethics,it is mainly explored the cause of“mistranslation”in Lin Shu’s translated works in late Qing China.

New Editor-in-Chief Professor Degan SHU

Professor Shu received his undergraduate training in Paleontology at Peking （Beijing） University in 1964-1969, obtaining his Master＇s degree at Northwest University （Xi＇an） and Ph.D. in China University of Geosciences （Beijing）; he was Visiting Scholar at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA in 1988, Humboldt Research Fellow at University of Bonn in 1988-1989, at University of Wuerzburg, Germany in 1994-1995, and Visiting Scholar at Cambridge University, UK in 1998. He has been Professor of Geology at Northwest University, Xi＇an since 1992.

New Editor-in-Chief Professor Degan SHU

Professor Shu received his undergraduate training in Paleontology at Peking （Beijing） University in 1964-1969, obtaining his Master＇s degree at Northwest University （Xi＇an） and Ph.D. in China University of Geosciences （Beijing）; he was Visiting Scholar at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA in 1988, Humboldt Research Fellow at University of Bonn in 1988-1989, at University of Wuerzburg, Germany in 1994-1995, and Visiting Scholar at Cambridge University, UK in 1998. He has been Professor of Geology at Northwest University, Xi＇an since 1992.