Determination of the Nucleation Region Location of Si Nano-Crystal Grains Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation through Changing Position of Substrates

To determine the nucleation region location of Si nano-crystal grains, pulsed laser ablation of Si target is performed in Ar gas of 10 Pa at room temperature with laser fluence of 4 J/cm2, the substrates are located horizontal under ablation spot with different vertical distance. Characteristics of deposited grains are described by scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction spectra, the results indicate that deposition position on substrates in a certain range is relative to target surface, which changes according to different vertical distance of substrates to ablation spot. Grain size increased?at first and then decreased with addition of lateral distances to target in the range, but the integral distribution rule was independent of position of substrates. Combining with hydrodynamics model, nucleation division model, thermokinetic equation and flat parabolic motion, spatial nucleation region location of grains is obtained through numerical calculations, which is 2.7 mm-43.2 mm to target surface along the plume axis.

Zr对Al-Si-Mg-Mn合金凝固过程、时效组织和性能的影响

通过模拟计算、组织观察以及力学性能测试,研究了不同Zr含量对铸造Al-Si-Mg-Mn合金凝固过程、时效组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Zr含量增加,合金凝固路径存在显著差异,晶粒由初期树枝晶逐步演变为等轴晶;175℃时效7 h条件下,Zr的加入显著提高合金硬度。Zr的加入促使析出相在更低时效温度析出,这可能是Zr细化了晶粒从而提高了扩散效率。峰值时效时合金主要析出相为β″相和Q′相。

基于机器学习的Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金固溶处理晶粒尺寸预测

Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金在固溶处理后的晶粒尺寸会影响其服役性能。采用3种不同的机器学习方法——BP神经网络、随机森林、长短期记忆网络,分别建立了Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金固溶温度和固溶时间对固溶后晶粒尺寸影响的机器学习预测模型。对比分析3种不同机器学习模型的预测精度,发现BP神经网络模型预测精度最高,其平均相对误差为8.55%。随后采用遗传算法优化BP神经网络。结果表明,所建立的BPGA模型平均相对误差比BP神经网络模型降低了6.47个百分点,其平均相对误差为2.08%,能够有效地为Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金固溶处理工艺参数的选择提供指导。

Al-3Y-2B中间合金对Al-20Si铸态组织和力学性能的影响

研究了Al-3Y-2B中间合金对过共晶Al-20Si二元合金铸态组织及性能的影响规律,基于冷却曲线分析(CCA)方法,测得了Al-20Si二元合金中加入Al-3Y-2B中间合金前后的冷却曲线。实验结果表明:Al-20Si合金熔体加入1.0%的Al-3Y-2B中间合金后,初生硅的生成温度降低约13℃;铸态组织的初生硅平均尺寸由110μm减小到33μm,初生硅形貌由粗大的多边形结构转变为尺寸细小的板状结构;共晶硅形貌由细长针状转变为短针状和短棒状;铸态合金的伸长率(EL)由1.62%提升到1.98%,极限抗拉强度(UTS)由120 MPa提升到162 MPa。Al-3Y-2B的添加量为0.5%时,组织中的初生硅和共晶硅被很好的细化;Al-3Y-2B的添加量提高到1.0%时,Al基体中开始出现脆性相,影响合金的机械性能。

行波磁场对Cu-Ni-Si-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

研究了在凝固过程中行波磁场对Cu-Ni-Si-Mg合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着磁场电流强度的增加,在晶粒细化的同时,合金的组织形貌逐渐向等轴晶转变,树枝晶在磁场的作用下尺寸不断减小。磁场电流为90 A时晶粒细化效果最好,铸锭几乎全部由细小的等轴晶组成,晶粒尺寸降至(0.5±0.19) mm,相比于未加行波磁场的合金,晶粒细化了约94%。采用透射电子显微镜对显微组织进行观察,并对衍射花样进行标定,发现晶界处的析出相为δ-Ni2Si。在磁场电流为60 A的条件下,合金的拉伸性能最好,与未施加磁场的样品相比,屈服强度提高了41.8%,抗拉强度提高了12.9%,但合金的硬度不受行波磁场影响。本文通过行波磁场细化晶粒,为提高时效强化型铜合金的强度提供了一种可规模化生产的技术。

细化变质对免热处理压铸Al-Zn-Si-Cu合金组织及性能的影响

采用压铸成形工艺制备Al-Zn-Si-Cu合金,研究陶瓷纳米增强颗粒(TiC/TiB_(2))和Al-10Sr变质剂对免热处理压铸Al-Zn-Si-Cu合金力学性能、导热/电性能、显微组织的细化变质效果。结果表明,单独添加0.5%陶瓷纳米颗粒后,与未添加细化剂的合金相比,α-Al相得到明显细化,呈近蔷薇状,纤维状共晶Si相更加致密,短棒状Al_(2)Cu相更加细小,且Zn、Si、Cu元素在基体中含量增加,此时力学性能得到提升,导热/电性能略有下降,主要是由于溶质元素的增加导致晶格发生畸变程度变大,增大电子散射能力的同时减小电子的平均自由程,使得金属的导热和导电能力下降;经0.5%陶瓷纳米颗粒和0.1%Al-10Sr中间合金共同作用后,共晶Si相棱角钝化,基体中溶质元素含量进一步增加,此时合金力学性能达到最佳,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为361 MPa,213 MPa和6.8%,热导率为118.73 W/(m·K)。

Al-Mg-Si合金双辊铸轧板坯不同位置处微观组织差异及其对板坯性能的影响

传统的热轧法生产Al-Mg-Si合金板材存在工序多、时间长和成本高等缺点,严重制约了Al-Mg-Si合金的发展,因此,近年来采用双辊铸轧工艺生产Al-Mg-Si合金板材获得了极大的关注。本工作采用双辊铸轧工艺制备Al-Mg-Si铝合金铸轧板坯,探究板坯不同位置的微观组织差异及其对板坯性能的影响,结果表明:板坯边部和心部的晶粒形貌差异明显,织构组成复杂,大量第二相沿晶界处不均匀分布,板坯内部存在明显的元素偏析。通过理论计算,铸轧板坯边部的织构强化贡献强度为10.7 MPa,晶界强化贡献强度为86.8 MPa,而铸轧板坯心部的织构强化贡献强度为15.1 MPa,晶界强化贡献强度为82.4 MPa,板织构和随机织构对于铸轧板坯的强度贡献有限,边部和心部的强度差异主要取决于晶界强化。板坯边部和心部存在不同程度的位错缠结,边部的位错密度高于心部,这与小角度晶界统计结果相一致。针对板坯组织不均匀性的特点,通过热力学计算,为板坯后续热处理制度提供了理论指导。

Zr元素对舱壁用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.5Mn合金组织及性能的影响

【目的】该文旨在研究Zr含量(质量分数,%)对Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.5Mn合金组织及性能的影响,为拓宽合金应用领域提供科学依据。【方法】采用SEM观察、拉伸试验、剥落腐蚀试验、疲劳试验等测试方法,对添加不同Zr元素含量的Al-Mg-Si-Mn合金组织及性能进行研究,分析Zr元素的作用机理,确定该合金中Zr元素的最佳添加量。【结果】Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.5Mn合金添加Zr,可改善合金粗晶区厚度,提升母材力学性能,亦可提升焊接接头强度和循环破坏抗力。当Zr添加量为0.05%~0.10%时,合金综合性能逐步提升。当Zr添加量为0.10%时,合金粗晶区最薄,组织中的Al(FeMn)Si化合物尺寸减小,块状的Mg,Si相消失;母材强度提升约30 MPa,焊接接头强度提升约40 MPa,接头强度系数提升0.054,中值疲劳极限强度提升约5 MPa,合金性能全面提升。当Zr添加量为0.2%时,过量的Zr与合金中的晶粒细化剂Ti相互作用,聚集形成一种粗大、与基体界限清晰的化合物,该化合物不仅降低了Ti作为异质形核核心的有效溶度,导致晶粒粗化现象,且易成为裂纹萌生的裂纹源,恶化合金的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。【结论】Zr元素对于Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.5Mn合金的作用主要体现在细化再结晶晶粒,有效改善难熔相Al(FeMn)Si的形状及尺寸,但需要调控元素添加量,避免与合金中的细化元素Ti相互作用,降低合金组元的有益效果。

Analysis of the Impact of Off-farm Employment of Agricultural Labor on Grain Production in Shandong Province and Henan Province

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production. [Method] Impact of off-farm employment of agricultural labor on grain production was investigated based on path analysis by using data from 200 counties and cities in Shandong Province and Henan Province in 2000 and 2008. [Result] Off-farm employment of agricultural labor affects grain production through agricultural land use patterns, off-farm employment of agricultural labor has negative impacts on grain production through multiple cropping index and positive impacts through the proportion of grain planting area. The positive impacts were greater in 2008. [Conclusion] Prerequisite of the positive impacts of off-farm employment on grain production is the substitution of agricultural mechanization development and agricultural technology advancement for agricultural labor. Orderly land circulation and scale land use should be promoted to avoid the lack of agricultural labor due to off-farm employment.

Through Thickness Variation of Cross Shear Rolling Texture in Grain Oriented Silicon Steel

The texture inhomogeneity in cross shear rolled grain oriented Si steel was investigated by means of the through thickness texture analysis. For the chosen rolling reductions (55%, 66.5%) and mismatch speed ratios (1.0, 1.1, 1.3), the deformation textures in various thickness layers consist of three major components, i.e. strong γ-fiber, medium α-fiber and weak η-fiber, and they show an asymmetrical distribution throughout the thickness. The effect of reduction on the texture gradient is found to be more significant at and near the center layer; however, the effect of mismatch speed ratio is less important. In most cases, a strong {111}<112> texture component appears in the subsurface layers, that may favour the formation of a sharp Goss texture during the subsequent annealing.

Effects of vibration and grain refiner on microstructure of semisolid slurry of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy

The effects of vibration and grain refiner on the microstructure of semisolid slurry of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy were studied. The impact of vibration on the convection of liquid was conducted by using a system of water-particle tracer. The 356 melt at temperature of 630-660 ℃ with or without grain refiner Al-5%Ti-1%B was poured into a metal cup as the vibrating vessel, then it was cooled to 590-610 ℃ in the semisolid zone and kept for some time, subsequently vibration with different frequencies was applied. The results show that the primary α(Al) particles become finer and rounder with the increase of vibration frequency. The slurry with primary α(Al) equivalent particle diameter(EPD) of about 90 μm and average shape coefficient(ASC) of about 0.5 can be prepared under vibration of 20 Hz. With the combined action of vibration and grain refiner Al-5Ti-B, even smaller and rounder spheroids with EPD of about 85 μm and ASC of about 0.6 are obtained.

Optimization of processing parameters for preparation of Al-3Ti-1B grain refiner

Al-3Ti-1B master alloys were prepared at different processing parameters by the reaction of halide salts,and the grain refining response of Al-7Si alloy was investigated with Al-3Ti-B master alloy.The microstructure of master alloy and its grain refining effect on Al-7Si alloy were investigated by means of OM,XRD and SEM.Experimental results show that,the size of Al3Ti particles presented in Al-3Ti-1B master alloys increases with the increase of reaction temperature and decreases with the increase of cooling rate.The grain refining efficiency of Al-3Ti-1B master alloy on Al-7Si alloy is mainly attributed to heterogeneous nucleation of Al3Ti particles,and the morphology ofα(Al)changes from coarse dendritic to fine equiaxed.As a result,Al-3Ti-1B master alloy is prepared by permanent mold,and holding at 800 ℃for 30min,which has better grain refining performance on Al-7Si alloy.

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe_(76.5)Si_(13.5)B_9Cu_1 Alloy with Nanoscale Grain Size

The structure and magnetic properties of Fe76.5Si13.5B9Cu1 alloys with a nanocrystalline (NC) bcc Fe(Si) phase trom about 23 to 46 nm in diameter, which were first formed into amorphous ribbons and then annealed at various temperatures between 703 and 773 K, have been investigated. At annealing temperatures from 703 to 748 K, the single NC bcc(Si) phase is obtained in the crystallized alloys. The grain size and the Si-content in the NC bcc Fe(Si) phase for the alloys annealed at different temperatures are presented. The soft magnetic properties and the saturation magnetostriction for the alloys with the NC bcc Fe(Si) phase are also measured. The results show that, the saturation magnetizotion and the permeability are improved for the alloys with only the NC bcc Fe(Si) phase and become better with decreasing of the NC bcc phase size, and the saturation magnetostriction declines for the alloys with increasing Si-content in the NC bcc Fe(Si) phase.

Effect of strontium and solidification rate on eutectic grain structure in an Al-13 wt% Si alloy

The influence of strontium addition and solidification rate on eutectic grain structure in a near-eutectic Al-Si alloy was investigated. The characteristic temperature of eutectic nucleation (TN),minimum temperature prior to recalescence (TM),and the growth temperature (TG) during cooling were determined by quantitative thermal analysis. All characteristic temperatures were found to decrease continuously with increasing Sr content and solidification rate. Microstructural analysis also revealed that the eutectic grain size decreases with increasing Sr content and solidi fication rate. Such eutectic grain refinement is attributed to the increased actual under-cooling ahead of the liquid/solid interface during solidification.

Effect of AlP master alloy on grain refinement of primary silicon in eutectic Al-Si alloys

To obtain the finer primary silicon crystals, the proprietary Al-P masteralloy was adopted to modify the eutectic Al-Si alloys and the most suitable modification process wasmade in the experiments. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and DSC (Differential ScanningCalorimeter) analysis indicate that the Al-P modifier has more advantages over Cu-P and Fe-Pmodifier in easily addition, no elemental alteration and less undercooling of primary silicon'ssolidification, which suggests the Al-P master alloy is an effective modifier of eutectic Al-Sialloys.

旋转磁场调控优化Cu-Cr-Zr-Si合金组织和性能

凝固过程是金属材料制备的核心环节,该过程决定了金属的铸态组织及性能。本文以Cu-Cr-Zr-Si合金为研究对象,对其施加旋转磁场,研究了真空下不同磁场电流对Cu-Cr-Zr-Si合金的凝固组织和性能的影响。组织结果表明,随磁场电流增大,晶粒尺寸减小。当磁场电流从40 A增加至120 A,基体的晶粒尺寸从270μm细化至58μm。此外,还观察到晶粒形貌逐渐从柱状晶转变为等轴晶,随磁场电流增大,等轴晶区域占比逐渐增加。性能分析表明:相比于未加磁场的合金,在磁场电流I=40, 80和120 A条件下,合金抗拉强度分别提高了6.1%,7.3%和19.2%;屈服强度提高了6.1%, 10.%和19.4%;伸长率则分别提高17.4%, 26.1%和60.9%。强度和塑性的提高主要归因于晶粒细化和等轴晶粒占比的提高。合金电导率在很大程度上不受旋转磁场的影响。在凝固过程中施加旋转磁场被认为是调控微观组织实现性能提高并可规模化生产的关键技术。

BEHAVIOUR OF BORON SEGREGATION AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES IN BCC Fe-3% Si ALLOY

The behaviour of baron segregation at grain boundaries in Fe-3% Si has been studied by means of particle tracking autoradiography(PTA).The results indicate that the tendency of equilibrium segregation of B at grain boundaries in Fe-3% Si is higher than that in austenitic alloys.No observable nonequilibrium segregation of B at grain boundaries was revealed in Fe-3% Si alloy during cooling and isothermal holding.The binding energy between boron at- oms and grain boundaries is 55.7±1.7 kJ/mol.Based on the complex mechanism of B segre- gation of quenching-induce-nonequilibrium segregation,different behaviours of B segrega- tion in γ-Fe and bcc Fe-3% Si alloy were discussed.

Effect of A1P master alloy on grain refinement of primary silicon in eutectic Al-Si alloys

To obtain the finer primary silicon crystals, the proprietary Al-P master alloy was adopted to modify the eutectic Al-Si alloys and the most suitable modification process was made in the experiments. The SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimeter) analysis indicate that the Al-P modifier has more advantages over Cu-P and Fe-P modifier in easily addition, no elemental alteration and less undercooling of primary silicon’s solidification, which suggests the Al-P master alloy is an effective modifier of eutectic Al-Si alloys.

Grain refinement of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy prepared with ELTA by A1-4B master alloy

Electrolytic low-titanium aluminum (ELTA) was produced by adding TiO2 powder to an industrial aluminum electrolyzer. The grain refining effect of A1-4B master alloy in the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy prepared by using ELTA was investigated, and compared with those of Al-5Ti, A1-5Ti-1B and Al-4B master alloys in the similar alloy prepared by using pure Al. The results indicate that when Al-4B is added to the melt of the alloy prepared by using ELTA in terms of the Ti/B mass ratio of 5:1, the grain refining effect is better than those of Al-5Ti, Al-5Ti-1B and Al-4B master alloys. Thus, using Al-4B to refine the grain of Al-Si alloys prepared by using ELTA will possibly become a feasible way of obtaining Al-Si alloy with homogeneous and fine microstructure.

Al-Si-Mg系铸造合金应用现状与高强韧制备研究进展

概述了Al-Si-Mg系铸造合金的应用现状与高强韧制备研究进展,系统总结了Al-Si-Mg系铸造合金晶粒细化、硅相变质、精密热处理、成分设计与成形-成性工艺装备的研究进展,归纳了各制备工艺对材料微观组织与力学性能的影响,总结了Al-Si-Mg系铸造合金高强韧制备的力学性能成果。最后,对其材料成分设计、凝固组织细晶化制备、计算机辅助工程开发与高强韧精密热处理工艺发展进行了技术展望。