Crack elimination and strength enhancement mechanisms of selective laser melted Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy

In order to increase the processability and process window of the selective laser melting(SLM)-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy,a novel Si-modified Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy was designed.The effect of Si alloying on the surface quality,processability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the SLM-fabricated alloy was studied.The results showed that introducing Si into the Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy prevented balling and keyhole formation,refined the grain size,and reduced the solidification temperature,which eliminated cracks and increased the processability and process window of the alloy.The maximum relative density of the SLM-fabricated Si/Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr alloy reached 99.6%.The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the alloy were(371±7)MPa and(518±6)MPa,respectively.These values were higher than those of the SLM-fabricated Al−Mn−Mg−Er−Zr and other Sc-free Al−Mg-based alloys.

Zr对Al-Si-Mg-Mn合金凝固过程、时效组织和性能的影响

通过模拟计算、组织观察以及力学性能测试,研究了不同Zr含量对铸造Al-Si-Mg-Mn合金凝固过程、时效组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着Zr含量增加,合金凝固路径存在显著差异,晶粒由初期树枝晶逐步演变为等轴晶;175℃时效7 h条件下,Zr的加入显著提高合金硬度。Zr的加入促使析出相在更低时效温度析出,这可能是Zr细化了晶粒从而提高了扩散效率。峰值时效时合金主要析出相为β″相和Q′相。

Mn微合金化Al-Si-Cu-Mg合金显微组织及耐蚀性能研究

Al-Si-Cu-Mg系列合金具有优异的强韧性,但其中的含Cu强化相极大地影响了该系合金的耐蚀性能。因此,本文通过对不同Mn含量的Al-7Si-2Cu-0.6Mg合金进行显微组织观察和电化学分析,探究Mn元素的添加对T6热处理状态下合金微观结构和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,Mn添加量的提高对合金显微硬度几乎没有影响,但在合金基体中可以观察到弥散相。随着Mn含量升高,合金的耐蚀性呈现先升高后降低的趋势。添加0.360%Mn(质量分数)合金具有最佳耐蚀性,腐蚀电流密度比基础合金减少了54%。腐蚀形貌观察结果表明,Mn的添加可以显著减弱合金的点蚀趋势。

孔隙和α-Al(Fe/Mn)Si相对高压压铸Al-7Si-0.2Mg合金塑性的影响

采用高压压铸工艺制备两批次不同尺寸的Al-7Si-0.2Mg(质量分数,%)合金,获得显微组织和孔隙非均匀分布的薄壁铸件,并对比研究孔隙和显微组织对铸态合金塑性的影响。结果表明:不同铸件和不同位置样品的伸长率有较大波动(9.7%~17.9%)。当合金存在大面积孔隙时,有效承载面积减小导致由孔隙产生的应力集中使合金伸长率显著降低。当合金只存在小面积孔隙时,塑性变形过程中合金中的α-Al(Fe/Mn)Si相先于共晶硅相发生脆性断裂,α-Al(Fe/Mn)Si相的数量密度对伸长率的波动起主导作用,具有高数量密度α-Al(Fe/Mn)Si相试样的伸长率显著降低。此外,局部较高的冷却速率导致铸件α-Al(Fe/Mn)Si相数量密度的增加。

Shape Memory Effect of As-aged Fe-14Mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni-0.2C Alloy

The effects of aging temperature on shape memory effect, mechanical properties and microstruc-ture of Fe-14Mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni-0.2C shape memory alloy have been studied. The results showed that the second phase particles rich in chromium, manganese and silicon precipitate during aging, and thereby increase the hardness and strength of the alloy. The shape recovery ratio can be remarkably improved by aging and a maximum value can be obtained at 1223 K, which is 68% higher than that of the specimen in solid solution state. When the aging temperature is below 1223 K, the amount of second phase particles increases as the aging temperature increases. The size of austenite grain increases with increasing aging temperature. When the temperature is over 1223 K, the second phase particles can not precipitate. The lack of second phase particles and the increase of grain size make the hardness and shape recovery ratio drastically decrease, when the temperature is over 1223 K.

Improving comprehensive properties of Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy by adding multi-layer graphene carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles

In order to improve the comprehensive properties of the Cu-11.9Al-2.5Mn shape memory alloy(SMA),multilayer graphene(MLG)carried by Cu_(51)Zr_(14)inoculant particles was incorporated and dispersed into this alloy through preparing the preform of the cold-pressed MLG-Cu_(51)Zr_(14)composite powders.In the resultant novel MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites,MLG in fragmented or flocculent form has a good bonding with the Cu-Al-Mn matrix.MLG can prevent the coarsening of grains of the Cu-Al-Mn SMA and cause thermal mismatch dislocations near the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn interfaces.The damping and mechanical properties of the MLG/Cu-Al-Mn composites are significantly improved.When the content of MLG reaches 0.2 wt.%,the highest room temperature damping of 0.0558,tensile strength of 801.5 MPa,elongation of 10.8%,and hardness of HV 308 can be obtained.On the basis of in-depth observation of microstructures,combined with the theory of internal friction and strengthening and toughening theories of metals,the relevant mechanisms are discussed.

Effects ofslip mode on microstructure evolution and compressive flow behavior of extruded dilute Mg−0.5Bi−0.5Sn−0.5Mn alloy

The influence of the slip mode on the microstructure evolution and compressive flow behavior at different strains in an extruded dilute Mg−0.5Bi−0.5Sn−0.5Mn alloy was analyzed through electron backscatter diffraction,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and hot compression tests.The results showed that at a low strain of 0.05,the basal,pyramidaland<c+a>slip modes were simultaneously activated.Nevertheless,at the middle stage of deformation(strain of 0.1,0.2 and 0.5),theslip mode was difficult to be activated and<c+a>slip mode became dominant.The deformation process between strains of 0.2 and 0.5 was primarily characterized by the softening effect resulting from the simultaneous occurrence of continuous dynamic recrystallization and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization.Ultimately,at strain of 0.8,a dynamic equilibrium was established,with the flow stress remaining constant due to the interplay between the dynamic softening brought about by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and the work-hardening effect induced by the activation of the basalslip mode.

均匀化退火工艺对中高强Al-1.1Mg-1.2Si-0.7Mn合金挤压棒材组织性能的影响

采用SEM、拉伸测试、硬度分析、电导率测量等仪器和方法研究了均匀化退火工艺对中高强Al-1.1Mg-1.2Si-0.7Mn合金挤压棒材组织性能的影响。结果表明:试验合金低熔点共晶开始熔化温度为587℃。单级均匀化退火条件下,随均匀化退火温度的升高,铸锭及挤压制品中Mg_(2)Si逐渐减少,挤压棒材表面粗糙度逐渐降低,但粗晶环厚度显著增加(超过525℃后显著增加)。此外,为研究低温均匀化退火对含Mn相析出程度的影响,还开展了低温(430℃3 h)+高温(550℃8 h)和高温(550℃8 h)+低温(430℃3 h)的双级均匀化退火试验,双级均匀化对控制含Mn相析出、抑制粗晶作用不明显。不同工艺均匀化退火的铸锭对挤压棒材T6态性能影响不大。

Factors Affecting Transformation Temperatures in Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni Shape Memory Alloy

The effects of prestrain and annealing temperature on phase transformation temperatures in Fel4Mn5Si8Cr4Ni shape memory alloy have been studied. The results showed that when the annealing temperature was 673 K, both the At and the Ms temperatures increased appreciably as the prestrain increased, the As temperature increased slightly with increasing prestrain; the resistivity difference at 303 K between the heating and cooling curve also increased with increasing prestrain, which agreed with the recovery strain. The shape memory effect in Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory alloy is caused by the stress-induced γ→ε martensite transformation and its reverse transformation. When the prestrain was 10%, the Ms temperature decreased remarkably as the annealing temperature increased.

Al-Zn-Mn-Si-Mg系压铸铝合金阳极氧化工艺

在传统铝合金阳极氧化电解工艺基础上,添加草酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸等形成硫酸-有机酸混合体系氧化处理液,对Al-Zn-Mn-Si-Mg系压铸铝合金进行阳极氧化处理,探索阳极氧化工艺参数和有机酸种类对氧化膜微观形貌、耐腐蚀和耐磨性能的影响.研究结果表明:在硫酸质量分数为10%、氧化电压为18V、氧化时间为60 min、氧化温度为20℃的条件下,与纯硫酸体系相比,混合酸体系能显著增加Al-Zn-Mn-Si-Mg系压铸铝合金阳极氧化膜厚度,提高氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能;其中10%硫酸-15%柠檬酸混合体系(百分数均为质量分数,下同)下的氧化膜耐腐蚀性能较强,10%硫酸-10%酒石酸体系下的氧化膜耐磨性能较优.

Zr元素对舱壁用Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.5Mn合金组织及性能的影响

【目的】该文旨在研究Zr含量(质量分数,%)对Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.5Mn合金组织及性能的影响,为拓宽合金应用领域提供科学依据。【方法】采用SEM观察、拉伸试验、剥落腐蚀试验、疲劳试验等测试方法,对添加不同Zr元素含量的Al-Mg-Si-Mn合金组织及性能进行研究,分析Zr元素的作用机理,确定该合金中Zr元素的最佳添加量。【结果】Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.5Mn合金添加Zr,可改善合金粗晶区厚度,提升母材力学性能,亦可提升焊接接头强度和循环破坏抗力。当Zr添加量为0.05%~0.10%时,合金综合性能逐步提升。当Zr添加量为0.10%时,合金粗晶区最薄,组织中的Al(FeMn)Si化合物尺寸减小,块状的Mg,Si相消失;母材强度提升约30 MPa,焊接接头强度提升约40 MPa,接头强度系数提升0.054,中值疲劳极限强度提升约5 MPa,合金性能全面提升。当Zr添加量为0.2%时,过量的Zr与合金中的晶粒细化剂Ti相互作用,聚集形成一种粗大、与基体界限清晰的化合物,该化合物不仅降低了Ti作为异质形核核心的有效溶度,导致晶粒粗化现象,且易成为裂纹萌生的裂纹源,恶化合金的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。【结论】Zr元素对于Al-1.0Mg-1.0Si-0.5Mn合金的作用主要体现在细化再结晶晶粒,有效改善难熔相Al(FeMn)Si的形状及尺寸,但需要调控元素添加量,避免与合金中的细化元素Ti相互作用,降低合金组元的有益效果。

Effect of Mn and Mo on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-0.6Fe alloy

Effect of different Mn and Mo contents on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg-0.6Fe alloy was studied.Results indicate that the increase of Mo and decrease of Mn lead to a decrease in the size of theα-Al_(15)(FeMnMo)_(3)Si_(2) phase formed during solidification.Theα-Al_(15)(FeMnMo)_(3)Si_(2) phase reaches a minimum value of about 16.3μm at 0.2wt.%Mo and 0.1wt.%Mn addition.After solution treatment,theα-Al(FeMnMo)Si dispersed phase is precipitated.When only Mn is added,theα-Al(FeMnMo)Si dispersed phase mainly distributes near the grain boundaries,while when only Mo is added,it primarily distributes in the central region of the matrix.When both Mn and Mo are added,the dispersed phase has a larger and denser dispersed region and is uniformly distributed near the Al matrix and grain boundaries.Moreover,the best overall mechanical properties of the alloy are obtained with the combined addition of 0.1wt.%Mn and 0.2wt.%Mo,due to the smaller size ofα-Al_(15)(FeMnMo)_(3)Si_(2) phase and the larger area fraction and higher density of theα-Al(FeMnMo)Si dispersed phase.The yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,and elongation are respectively improved 67.7 MPa,48.5 MPa and 5.3%,respectively,compared to that of the alloy with only 0.3wt.%Mn.

Temperature Dependent Work-hardening Behaviour in an Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni Shape Memory Alloy

The work-hardening behaviour in an Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni alloy has been investigated using tensile test at different temperatures and TEM observation. It was found that besides the intersection of εmartensite, the intersections of ε martensite with stacking fault and the cross-slip of dislocation which is difficult to occur in the alloy with low stacking fault energy are also important factors to the temperature dependent work-hardening behaviour.

Electron Microscopy Analysis of Deformation Induced ε Martensite Transformation in an Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni Alloy

The configurations of stacking faults and morphologies of strain induced ε martensite plates in an FeMnSiCrNi alloy were investigated through electron microscopy analysis. The Shockley partial dislocation structures. sensitive to external stress. determine the configurations of stacking faults in γphase Partial dislocations at the front sides of stacking faults are usetul for the nucleation of εmartensite plates. The growth of ε martensite plates is accompanied with the disappearance of local pre-existing stacking faults, The ε martensite vanants behave in three morphologies of respective stopping. continuous penetrating and intersections with the formation of secondary ε martensite plates

Effect of Ageing on Martensitic Transformation and Shape Memory Effect of Fe-Mn-Si-Co-Mo Alloy

This paper discusses the effect of ageing on the thermally induced martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation and shape memory effect of Fe-24Mn-5Si-8Co-4Mo shape memory alloy:the precipitation of Fe 2Mo particles increases the hardness and strength of the alloy as ageing goes on;ageing increases the transformation temperatures;ageing improves,the SME of the alloy so remarkably that a maximum shape recovery ratio is obtained while ageing at 600℃.

Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloy

Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect (SME) of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloys was studied by bent measurement, thermal cycle training, SEM etc. Results of study indicate that the alloys with high Mn content (25%) appeare better SME, especially in lower strain. SME improves evidently when Si is higher content, especially it’s range from 3% up to 4%. But brittleness of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE alloy increases by increasing the Si content. SME of the alloy is weakening gradually as carbon content increases under small strain (3%). But in the condition of large strain (above 6%), SME of the alloy whose carbon content ranges from 0.1 % to 0.12% shows small decreasing range, especially of alloy with the addition of compound RE.

INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING ON SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT OF Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY

Effect of carbon, compound RE, quenching temperature, pre-strain and recovery temperature on shape memory effect (SME) of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloy was studied by bent measurement, thermal cycle training, SEM etc. It was shown that the grains of alloys addition with compound RE became finer and SME increased evidently. SME of the alloy was weakening gradually as carbon content increased under small strain (3%). But in the condition of large strain (more than 6%), SME of the alloy whose carbon content range from 0.1% to 0.12% showed small decreasing range, especially of alloy with the addition of compound RE. Results were also indicated that SME was improved by increasing quenching temperature (>1000℃). The amount of thermal induced martensite increased and the relative shape recovery ratio could be increased to more than 40% after 3-4 times thermal training. The relative shape recovery ratio decreased evidently depending on rising of pre-strain. Furthermore, because speed of martensite transition was extremely great under higher tempering temperature (more than 450℃, ε → γ transition completed in 10s meanwhile the relative shape recovery ratio of the alloy increased rapidly.

Effect of Compound Rare Earth on Shape Memory Effect of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C Alloys

Effect of compound rare earth (RE) on shape memory effect (SME) of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C shape memory alloy was studied by bent measurement,thermal cycle training, SEM and XRD etc. The results show that metallurgic microstructure is refined and SME improved evidently with the addition of compound RE. The alloy appears little two-way shape memory effect. The former training and addition of compound RE are two effective ways to restrain martensitic stability. XRD analysis also indicates that ε→γ reversible transition ratio increases by training greatly help to improve SME of the alloy.

Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE shape memory alloy

Effect of chemical component on shape memory effect (SME) of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-REshape memory alloys was studied by bent measurement, thermal cycle training, SEM etc. Results ofstudy indicate that the alloys with high Mn content (25%) appeare better SME, especially in lowerstrain. SME improves evidently when Si is higher content, especially it's range from 3% up to 4%.But brittleness of Fe-Mn-Si-Ni-C-RE alloy increases by increasing the Si content. SME of the alloyis weakening gradually as carbon content increases under small strain (3%). But in the condition oflarge strain (above 6%), SME of the alloy whose carbon content ranges from 0.1 % to 0.12% showssmall decreasing range, especially of alloy with the addition of compound RE.

Effects of Ce addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-1Mn alloy

The effects of Ce addition on the microstructure of Mg-6Zn-1Mn alloy during casting, homogenization, hot extrusion, T4, T6 and T4＋two-step aging were investigated. The mechanical properties of alloys with and without Ce were compared. The results showed that Ce had an obvious effect on the microstructure of ZM61-0.5Ce alloy by restricting the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and restraining the grain growth during extrusion and heat treatment subsequently. A new binary phase Mg 12 Ce was identified in ZM61-0.5Ce alloy, which distributed at grain boundaries and was broken to small particles distributed at grain boundaries along extrusion direction during extrusion. The mechanical properties of as-extruded ZM61-0.5Ce alloy were improved with the addition of Ce. The improved tensile properties of as-extruded ZM61-0.5Ce alloy were due to the finer grain sizes as compared to ZM61 alloy. However, the UTS and YS decreased severely and the elongation increased when ZM61-0.5Ce was treated by T6 and T4＋two-step aging. Brittle Mg 12 Ce phase, which was distributed at the grain boundary areas and cannot dissolve into the Mg matrix after solution treatment, became crack source under tensile stress.