Wetlands worldwide have suffered from serious degradation and transformation,leading to waterbirds increasingly dependent on agricultural fields for feeding.Although gut microbiota is an essential component of host he...Wetlands worldwide have suffered from serious degradation and transformation,leading to waterbirds increasingly dependent on agricultural fields for feeding.Although gut microbiota is an essential component of host health,the impacts of agricultural feeding on gut microbial community and pathogen transmission remain poorly understood.To fill this knowledge gap,we used 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the fecal bacterial community of the Siberian Crane(Grus leucogeranus),a Critically Endangered species,that recently has shifted its foraging from largely Vallisneria tubers in Poyang Lake natural wetlands to crops(i.e.,rice seeds and lotus rhizomes) in agricultural fields.We compared the bacterial communities between tuber foraging cranes and crop foraging cranes.Our results indicate that diet shift greatly modified the gut microbiota diversity,composition and function.Crop foraging cranes had higher microbiota diversity than tuber foraging cranes.The alteration in microbiota composition and function were correlated with change in food nutrition.Tuber(i.e.,high in fiber)foraging cranes were enriched in Clostridiaceae with fiber digestion ability,and crop(i.e.,high in carbohydrate)foraging cranes were enriched in bacterial taxa and functions related to carbohydrate metabolism.The flexibility of gut microbiota might enhance Siberian Cranes’ ability to adapt to novel diet and environment.However,many enriched families in crop foraging cranes were pathogenic bacteria,which might increase the susceptibility of cranes to pathogenic infection.Special caution should be taken to agricultural feeding waterbirds in Asia,where the widespread poultry-keeping in over-harvested rice fields might increase the transmission probability of pathogenetic bacteria among wild birds,domestic poultry and humans.展开更多
Both the Siberian Crane(Leucogeranus leucogeranus) and Hooded Crane(Grus monacha) have limited population sizes and are considered endangered by domestic Chinese and international agencies.To document the current size...Both the Siberian Crane(Leucogeranus leucogeranus) and Hooded Crane(Grus monacha) have limited population sizes and are considered endangered by domestic Chinese and international agencies.To document the current size of their respective populations and characterize their groups,between October 2012 and April 2013 we undertook fieldwork at four nature reserve areas within the Poyang Lake wetlands.We divided Poyanghu National Nature Reserve(PYH) into the Wucheng(PWC) and Hengfeng areas(PHF),because each are each located in different counties.Our fieldwork showed that the Siberian Crane occurred mainly in PYH(364 in the PHF,158 in the PWC) and the Nanjishan Wetland National Nature Reserve(NJS,with 200 individuals).The Hooded Crane was mainly distributed in PYH(302 in the PHF and 154 in the PWC).Family groups accounted for more than 50% of the total number of groups among both species,with Hooded Cranes forming more family groups than Siberian Cranes.Typically,these groups were formed of two adults with one offspring(Siberian Crane),and two adults with two offspring(Hooded Crane),with the mean family group size of the Siberian Crane and Hooded Crane being respectively 2.65±0.53(n=43) and 3.09±0.86(n=47) individuals per group.The mean collective group size of the Siberian Crane and Hooded Crane included 28.09±24.94(n=23) and 28.94±27.97(n=16) individuals per group,respectively,with the proportion of juveniles among Hooded Cranes being more than double that seen among the Siberian Cranes.展开更多
Poyang Lake is a very important wintering place for cranes in China and East Asia.Two crane surveys were conducted at Poyang Lake during the 2011/2012 winter,the first on 18-19 December 2011 and the second on 18-19 Fe...Poyang Lake is a very important wintering place for cranes in China and East Asia.Two crane surveys were conducted at Poyang Lake during the 2011/2012 winter,the first on 18-19 December 2011 and the second on 18-19 February 2012.The survey covered the entire Poyang Lake basin,as well as two main lakes in Jiujiang (Saicheng Hu and Chi Hu),i.e.,a total of 85 sub-lakes were surveyed.Both surveys recorded four species of cranes.The first survey on 18-19 December 2011 recorded 4577 Siberian Cranes (Grus leucogeranus),mostly in Bang Hu,Sha Hu and Dahu Chi,302 Hooded Cranes (G.monacha),885 White-naped Cranes (G.vipio) and 8408 Eurasian Cranes (G.grus),for the most part in the center of the lake basin.The second survey on 18-19 February 2012 recorded 3335 Siberian Cranes (mostly in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve (PLNR) and its surrounding areas),110 Hooded Cranes (largely in PLNR and its surrounding areas),283 White-naped Cranes (86％ in Bang Hu) and 2205 Eurasian Cranes (particularly in Duchang and Nanjishan NNR).The number of Siberian Cranes enumerated in December was 1000 more than the second count in February 2012.It is not possible to rule out double counting due to the close proximity of the main sites of the Siberian Cranes.During winters from 1998 to 2009,the average of the highest counts each winter was 3091,ranging from 2345 in 1996 to 4004 in 2002.By comparison with counts taken at other times,we therefore estimate a wintering population of Siberian Cranes of ～3800-4000 at Poyang Lake.Additional evidence will be needed to raise the world population estimate.Our more recent surveys indicate a continuing decline in the number of White-naped Cranes and an increase in Eurasian Cranes.展开更多
【目的】对比分析丰水年和平水年鄱阳湖越冬白鹤的移动模式与栖息地利用,为越冬白鹤的保护和适应性管理提供科学依据。【方法】依据鄱阳湖星子站水位监测数据和湖区白鹤自然食物苦草块茎生物量,将2016年、2017年和2020年、2021年界定为...【目的】对比分析丰水年和平水年鄱阳湖越冬白鹤的移动模式与栖息地利用,为越冬白鹤的保护和适应性管理提供科学依据。【方法】依据鄱阳湖星子站水位监测数据和湖区白鹤自然食物苦草块茎生物量,将2016年、2017年和2020年、2021年界定为丰水年W1组和W3组,将2018年、2019年界定为平水年W2组。基于2016—2022年13只卫星跟踪白鹤的越冬期定位数据,利用ArcGIS 10.7空间分析功能,对比分析丰水年和平水年越冬期以及越冬不同阶段的白鹤移动距离、活动区面积和栖息地利用的差异。【结果】1)从越冬白鹤的移动模式来看,平水年组越冬期和越冬中期的移动距离均显著小于丰水年组。2)丰水年合并组的不同越冬阶段的90%KDE(Kernel density estimator)(核密度估计法)活动区面积均显著大于平水年W2组,丰水年W1组越冬中期90%和50%KDE活动区面积均显著大于平水年W2组和丰水年W3组。3)从栖息地的利用率来看,平水年越冬期白鹤日间湿地利用率高达89.0%±12.3%(n=9);丰水年组白鹤在越冬期以及越冬前期和中期的日间农田利用率显著高于平水年组,湿地利用率显著低于平水年组。2个丰水年组之间的白鹤农田和湿地利用率无显著差异。白鹤的夜间湿地利用率在平水年越冬期为94.9%±8.7%(n=9),而在丰水年越冬期为84.5%±18.4%(n=15);丰水年W1组和合并组的白鹤越冬中期夜间农田利用率显著高于平水年组。【结论】在丰水年,白鹤通过增加移动距离、活动区面积以及农田栖息地利用比例来应对水位提高造成的食物短缺,来满足自身能量需求和提高适合度。在平水年,自然湿地是鄱阳湖越冬白鹤的主要觅食地和夜宿地。在丰水年,尽管白鹤的日间农田栖息地利用达到50%左右,但夜间仍主要利用自然湿地。加强自然湿地适应性管理,以提高不同水文条件下湿地的功能和恢复力,可确保鄱阳湖白鹤越冬种群的健康安全。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160132,31772480).
文摘Wetlands worldwide have suffered from serious degradation and transformation,leading to waterbirds increasingly dependent on agricultural fields for feeding.Although gut microbiota is an essential component of host health,the impacts of agricultural feeding on gut microbial community and pathogen transmission remain poorly understood.To fill this knowledge gap,we used 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the fecal bacterial community of the Siberian Crane(Grus leucogeranus),a Critically Endangered species,that recently has shifted its foraging from largely Vallisneria tubers in Poyang Lake natural wetlands to crops(i.e.,rice seeds and lotus rhizomes) in agricultural fields.We compared the bacterial communities between tuber foraging cranes and crop foraging cranes.Our results indicate that diet shift greatly modified the gut microbiota diversity,composition and function.Crop foraging cranes had higher microbiota diversity than tuber foraging cranes.The alteration in microbiota composition and function were correlated with change in food nutrition.Tuber(i.e.,high in fiber)foraging cranes were enriched in Clostridiaceae with fiber digestion ability,and crop(i.e.,high in carbohydrate)foraging cranes were enriched in bacterial taxa and functions related to carbohydrate metabolism.The flexibility of gut microbiota might enhance Siberian Cranes’ ability to adapt to novel diet and environment.However,many enriched families in crop foraging cranes were pathogenic bacteria,which might increase the susceptibility of cranes to pathogenic infection.Special caution should be taken to agricultural feeding waterbirds in Asia,where the widespread poultry-keeping in over-harvested rice fields might increase the transmission probability of pathogenetic bacteria among wild birds,domestic poultry and humans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3126051731101651)
文摘Both the Siberian Crane(Leucogeranus leucogeranus) and Hooded Crane(Grus monacha) have limited population sizes and are considered endangered by domestic Chinese and international agencies.To document the current size of their respective populations and characterize their groups,between October 2012 and April 2013 we undertook fieldwork at four nature reserve areas within the Poyang Lake wetlands.We divided Poyanghu National Nature Reserve(PYH) into the Wucheng(PWC) and Hengfeng areas(PHF),because each are each located in different counties.Our fieldwork showed that the Siberian Crane occurred mainly in PYH(364 in the PHF,158 in the PWC) and the Nanjishan Wetland National Nature Reserve(NJS,with 200 individuals).The Hooded Crane was mainly distributed in PYH(302 in the PHF and 154 in the PWC).Family groups accounted for more than 50% of the total number of groups among both species,with Hooded Cranes forming more family groups than Siberian Cranes.Typically,these groups were formed of two adults with one offspring(Siberian Crane),and two adults with two offspring(Hooded Crane),with the mean family group size of the Siberian Crane and Hooded Crane being respectively 2.65±0.53(n=43) and 3.09±0.86(n=47) individuals per group.The mean collective group size of the Siberian Crane and Hooded Crane included 28.09±24.94(n=23) and 28.94±27.97(n=16) individuals per group,respectively,with the proportion of juveniles among Hooded Cranes being more than double that seen among the Siberian Cranes.
基金Financial support for the survey was provided by several ICF directors and the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund
文摘Poyang Lake is a very important wintering place for cranes in China and East Asia.Two crane surveys were conducted at Poyang Lake during the 2011/2012 winter,the first on 18-19 December 2011 and the second on 18-19 February 2012.The survey covered the entire Poyang Lake basin,as well as two main lakes in Jiujiang (Saicheng Hu and Chi Hu),i.e.,a total of 85 sub-lakes were surveyed.Both surveys recorded four species of cranes.The first survey on 18-19 December 2011 recorded 4577 Siberian Cranes (Grus leucogeranus),mostly in Bang Hu,Sha Hu and Dahu Chi,302 Hooded Cranes (G.monacha),885 White-naped Cranes (G.vipio) and 8408 Eurasian Cranes (G.grus),for the most part in the center of the lake basin.The second survey on 18-19 February 2012 recorded 3335 Siberian Cranes (mostly in Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve (PLNR) and its surrounding areas),110 Hooded Cranes (largely in PLNR and its surrounding areas),283 White-naped Cranes (86％ in Bang Hu) and 2205 Eurasian Cranes (particularly in Duchang and Nanjishan NNR).The number of Siberian Cranes enumerated in December was 1000 more than the second count in February 2012.It is not possible to rule out double counting due to the close proximity of the main sites of the Siberian Cranes.During winters from 1998 to 2009,the average of the highest counts each winter was 3091,ranging from 2345 in 1996 to 4004 in 2002.By comparison with counts taken at other times,we therefore estimate a wintering population of Siberian Cranes of ～3800-4000 at Poyang Lake.Additional evidence will be needed to raise the world population estimate.Our more recent surveys indicate a continuing decline in the number of White-naped Cranes and an increase in Eurasian Cranes.
文摘【目的】对比分析丰水年和平水年鄱阳湖越冬白鹤的移动模式与栖息地利用,为越冬白鹤的保护和适应性管理提供科学依据。【方法】依据鄱阳湖星子站水位监测数据和湖区白鹤自然食物苦草块茎生物量,将2016年、2017年和2020年、2021年界定为丰水年W1组和W3组,将2018年、2019年界定为平水年W2组。基于2016—2022年13只卫星跟踪白鹤的越冬期定位数据,利用ArcGIS 10.7空间分析功能,对比分析丰水年和平水年越冬期以及越冬不同阶段的白鹤移动距离、活动区面积和栖息地利用的差异。【结果】1)从越冬白鹤的移动模式来看,平水年组越冬期和越冬中期的移动距离均显著小于丰水年组。2)丰水年合并组的不同越冬阶段的90%KDE(Kernel density estimator)(核密度估计法)活动区面积均显著大于平水年W2组,丰水年W1组越冬中期90%和50%KDE活动区面积均显著大于平水年W2组和丰水年W3组。3)从栖息地的利用率来看,平水年越冬期白鹤日间湿地利用率高达89.0%±12.3%(n=9);丰水年组白鹤在越冬期以及越冬前期和中期的日间农田利用率显著高于平水年组,湿地利用率显著低于平水年组。2个丰水年组之间的白鹤农田和湿地利用率无显著差异。白鹤的夜间湿地利用率在平水年越冬期为94.9%±8.7%(n=9),而在丰水年越冬期为84.5%±18.4%(n=15);丰水年W1组和合并组的白鹤越冬中期夜间农田利用率显著高于平水年组。【结论】在丰水年,白鹤通过增加移动距离、活动区面积以及农田栖息地利用比例来应对水位提高造成的食物短缺,来满足自身能量需求和提高适合度。在平水年,自然湿地是鄱阳湖越冬白鹤的主要觅食地和夜宿地。在丰水年,尽管白鹤的日间农田栖息地利用达到50%左右,但夜间仍主要利用自然湿地。加强自然湿地适应性管理,以提高不同水文条件下湿地的功能和恢复力,可确保鄱阳湖白鹤越冬种群的健康安全。
