Modeling and Analysis of Mechanization Projects of Wheat Production by GERT Networks

In crop production systems,all operations such as seed bed preparation,etc.,must be accomplished on time,if yield reduction and low quality product are to be avoided.Therefore all operations in mechanized cropping projects require precise scheduling,planning and management.The basic approach in all scheduling techniques is to form a network of activities and events relationships that graphically portrays the sequential relations between the tasks in a project.Such a network would as a powerful tool available a farm manager to plan,schedule,monitor and control a project.Since GERT（Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique） networks have most of advantages associated with networks and available system analyst in exact evaluation of certain types of networks,in this research it was used and mechanized wheat production system was simulated,modeled and analyzed.Critical activities,events and path were determined.Results showed that the network model was able to answer any statistic questions concerning with the project.Network models,particularly GERT networks are increasingly powerful tool for modeling,scheduling,planning,controlling,and analyzing of agricultural mechanization projects.

Projective synchronization of a complex network with different fractional order chaos nodes

Based on the stability theory of the linear fractional order system, projective synchronization of a complex network is studied in the paper, and the coupling functions of the connected nodes are identified. With this method, the projective synchronization of the network with different fractional order chaos nodes can be achieved, besides, the number of the nodes does not affect the stability of the whole network. In the numerical simulations, the chaotic fractional order Lu system, Liu system and Coullet system are chosen as examples to show the effectiveness of the scheme.

Joint optimization scheduling for water conservancy projects incomplex river networks

In this study, we simulated water flow in a water conservancy project consisting of various hydraulic structures, such as sluices, pumping stations, hydropower stations, ship locks, and culverts, and developed a multi-period and multi-variable joint optimization scheduling model for flood control, drainage, and irrigation. In this model, the number of sluice holes, pump units, and hydropower station units to be opened were used as decision variables, and different optimization objectives and constraints were considered. This model was solved with improved genetic algorithms and verified using the Huaian Water Conservancy Project as an example. The results show that the use of the joint optimization scheduling led to a 10% increase in the power generation capacity and a 15% reduction in the total energy consumption. The change in the water level was reduced by 0.25 m upstream of the Yundong Sluice, and by 50% downstream of pumping stations No. 1, No. 2, and No. 4. It is clear that the joint optimization scheduling proposed in this study can effectively improve power generation capacity of the project, minimize operating costs and energy consumption, and enable more stable operation of various hydraulic structures. The results may provide references for the management of water conservancy projects in complex river networks.

Adaptive generalized matrix projective lag synchronization between two different complex networks with non-identical nodes and different dimensions

The adaptive generalized matrix projective lag synchronization between two different complex networks with non-identical nodes and different dimensions is investigated in this paper. Based on Lyapunov stability theory and Barbalat＇s lemma, generalized matrix projective lag synchronization criteria are derived by using the adaptive control method. Furthermore, each network can be undirected or directed, connected or disconnected, and nodes in either network may have identical or different dynamics. The proposed strategy is applicable to almost all kinds of complex networks. In addition, numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this method, showing that the synchronization speed is sensitively influenced by the adaptive law strength, the network size, and the network topological structure.

Generalized projective synchronization of two coupled complex networks of different sizes

We investigate a new generalized projective synchronization between two complex dynamical networks of different sizes. To the best of our knowledge, most of the current studies on projective synchronization have dealt with coupled networks of the same size. By generalized projective synchronization, we mean that the states of the nodes in each network can realize complete synchronization, and the states of a pair of nodes from both networks can achieve projective synchronization. Using the stability theory of the dynamical system, several sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the existence of the generalized projective synchronization under feedback control and adaptive control are obtained. As an example, we use Chua’s circuits to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Adaptive function projective synchronization of uncertain complex dynamical networks with disturbance

We investigate the problem of function projective synchronization （FPS） in drive–response dynamical networks with non-identical nodes. An adaptive controller is proposed for the FPS of complex dynamical networks with uncertain parameters and disturbance. Not only are the unknown parameters of the networks estimated by the adaptive laws obtained from the Lyapunov stability theory and Taylor expansions, but the unknown bounded disturbances are also simultaneously conquered by the proposed control. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the obtained result.

Forecasting Loss of Ecosystem Service Value Using a BP Network: A Case Study of the Impact of the South-to-north Water Transfer Project on the Ecological Environmental in Xiangfan, Hubei Province, China

Objective To recognize and assess the impact of the South-to-north Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) on the ecological environment of Xiangfan, Hubei Province, situated in the water-out area, and develop sound scientific countermeasures. Methods A three-layer BP network was built to simulate topology and process of the eco-economy system of Xiangfan. Historical data of ecological environmental factors and socio-economic factors as inputs, and corresponding historical data of ecosystem service value (ESV) and GDP as target outputs, were presented to train and test the network. When predicted input data after 2001 were presented to trained network as generalization sets, ESVs and GDPs of 2002, 2003, 2004... till 2050 were simulated as output in succession. Results Up to 2050, the area would have suffered an accumulative total ESV loss of RMB 104.9 billion, which accounted for 37.36% of the present ESV. The coinstantaneous GDP would change asynchronously with ESV, it would go through an up-to-down process and finally lose RMB89.3 billion, which accounted for 18.71% of 2001. Conclusions The simulation indicates that ESV loss means damage to the capability of socio-economic sustainable development, and suggests that artificial neural networks (ANNs) provide a feasible and effective method and have an important potential in ESV modeling.

Generalized projective synchronization of fractional-order complex networks with nonidentical nodes

This paper investigates the synchronization problem of fractional-order complex networks with nonidentical nodes. The generalized projective synchronization criterion of fractional-order complex networks with order 0 〈 q 〈 1 is obtained based on the stability theory of the fractional-order system. The control method which combines active control with pinning control is then suggested to obtain the controllers. Furthermore, the adaptive strategy is applied to tune the control gains and coupling strength. Corresponding numerical simulations are performed to verify and illustrate the theoretical results.

Modified Function Projective Synchronization of Complex Networks with Multiple Proportional Delays

This paper deals with the modified function projective synchronization problem for general complex networks with multiple proportional delays. With the existence of multiple proportional delays, an effective hybrid feedback control is designed to attain modified function projective synchronization of networks. Numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of our result.

SDWAN (Software Defined-WAN) Network Engineering and Project Management

Many organizations are struggling to provide high bandwidth and reliable internet connectivity at their branch offices and business locations and getting the most out of their operational expense.The need for internet connectivity at any branch offices and business locations is not a luxury anymore but is a necessity.Let us try to understand how to plan and document the SDWAN(Software Defined-Wide Area Network)implementation in an organization.We will try to understand why it is essential to implement the new technology instead of investing in the existing MPLS(Multi-Protocol label switching)by taking an example of a retail organization.Methods:This project/research was performed using the abilities of Software Defined Network Technology and options available in MPLS(Multi-Protocol Label Switching).The Technical Project management principles were adopted as per PMI(Project Management Institute)waterfall methodology.Results/Conclusion:SDWAN technology provides an effective replacement of MPLS network connection for providing WAN connectivity for our office locations.It is essential to follow a documented process for appropriate vendor selection based on the available features and other listed attributes in the article.To be successful in the implementation it is essential to perform a POC(Proof of Concept)in a controlled environment and validate results.SDWAN provides better network performance and improves reliability as the links operate in active-active function.

A uniform framework of projection and community detection for one-mode network in bipartite networks

Projection is a widely used method in bipartite networks. However, each projection has a specific application scenario and differs in the forms of mapping for bipartite networks. In this paper, inspired by the network-based information exchange dynamics, we propose a uniform framework of projection. Subsequently, an information exchange rate projection based on the nature of community structures of a network （named IERCP） is designed to detect community structures of bipartite networks. Results from the synthetic and real-world networks show that the IERCP algorithm has higher performance compared with the other projection methods. It suggests that the IERCP may extract more information hidden in bipartite networks and minimize information loss.

Landscape Network Approach to Assess Ecological Impacts of Road Projects on Biological Conservation

Awareness of the adverse ecological effects of road and other large construction projects has resulted in a rapidly growing demand to quantitatively predict and evaluate the effects on gene flow among plants and animals in natural habitats.In this study,we evaluated the effects of different road construction scenarios on animal species movement by using the methods of ecological landscape connectivity in the typical regions of Yunnan Province,China.The results showed landscape connectivity levels(Probability of Connectivity(PC))decreased after road construction and species with lower dispersal abilities were more affected to the subsequent habitat fragmentation.First level roads affected landscape connectivity most significantly.At a distance of 100 m,the PC index decreased more than 50%.Further analysis suggested that the use of landscape connectivity to assess landscape processes revealed the adverse effects on the species movement more effectively compared with the traditional landscape pattern analysis.In addition,we conducted a graph theory and a least-cost modeling discussion,it is obvious that they are powerful tools to represent and analyze landscape networks with respect to related species movement.Network analysis offers a quantitative and simple but effective tool for ecological process assessment and biological conservation on large scales.

Projective synchronization of spatiotemporal chaos in a weighted complex network

Projective synchronization of a weighted complex network is studied in which nodes are spatiotemporal chaos systems and all nodes are coupled not with the nonlinear terms of the system but through a weighted connection. The range of the linear coefficient matrix of separated configuration, when the synchronization is implemented, is determined according to Lyapunov stability theory. It is found that projective synchronization can be realized for unidirectional star-connection even if the coupling strength between the nodes is a given arbitrary weight value. The Gray-Scott models having spatiotemporal Chaos behaviours are taken as nodes in the weighted complex network, and simulation results of spatiotemporal synchronization show the effectiveness of the method.

RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK MODEL BASED ON PROJECTIVE OPERATOR AND ITS APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

The recurrent neural network （RNN） model based on projective operator was studied. Different from the former study, the value region of projective operator in the neural network in this paper is a general closed convex subset of n-dimensional Euclidean space and it is not a compact convex set in general, that is, the value region of projective operator is probably unbounded. It was proved that the network has a global solution and its solution trajectory converges to some equilibrium set whenever objective function satisfies some conditions. After that, the model was applied to continuously differentiable optimization and nonlinear or implicit complementarity problems. In addition, simulation experiments confirm the efficiency of the RNN.

Projective synchronisation with non-delayed and delayed coupling in complex networks consisting of identical nodes and different nodes

This paper first investigates the projective synchronisation problem with non-delayed and delayed coupling between drive-response dynamical networks consisting of identical nodes and different nodes. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, several nonlinear controllers are applied to achieve the projective synchronisation between the drive-response dynamical networks; simultaneously the topological structure of the drive dynamical complex networks can be exactly identified. Moreover, numerical examples are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the theorems.

Cluster projective synchronization of complex networks with nonidentical dynamical nodes

We investigate a new cluster projective synchronization （CPS） scheme in time-varying delay coupled complex dynamical networks with nonidentical nodes. Based on the community structure of the networks, the controllers are designed differently for the nodes in one community, which have direct connections to the nodes in the other communities and the nodes without direct connections to the nodes in the other communities. Some sufficient criteria are derived to ensure the nodes in the same group projectively synchronize and there is also projective synchronization between nodes in different groups. Particularly, the weight configuration matrix is not assumed to be symmetric or irreducible. The numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

Finite-time complex projective synchronization of fractional-order complex-valued uncertain multi-link network and its image encryption application

Multi-link networks are universal in the real world such as relationship networks,transportation networks,and communication networks.It is significant to investigate the synchronization of the network with multi-link.In this paper,considering the complex network with uncertain parameters,new adaptive controller and update laws are proposed to ensure that complex-valued multilink network realizes finite-time complex projective synchronization(FTCPS).In addition,based on fractional-order Lyapunov functional method and finite-time stability theory,the criteria of FTCPS are derived and synchronization time is given which is associated with fractional order and control parameters.Meanwhile,numerical example is given to verify the validity of proposed finite-time complex projection strategy and analyze the relationship between synchronization time and fractional order and control parameters.Finally,the network is applied to image encryption,and the security analysis is carried out to verify the correctness of this method.

NULL-SPACE PROJECTION AND WATERFILLING RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN MULTI-ANTENNA COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS

Cognitive Radio(CR) is a promising technique for the next generation mobile communi-cation system for its capability to solve the conflicts between the scarcity and underutilization of spectrum.In this paper,aiming at maximizing the system capacity of a multi-antenna CR system on the premise that avoid interference to the primary system in the same band simultaneously,a resource allocation method which is able to avoid interference between PRimary(PR) and CR users by pro-jecting the transmit signals of CR users on the null space of the PR users' channels is proposed.CR users with better channel condition are selected,and the interference from CR system to PR users can be removed completely by projecting the transmit signals of CR system on the null-space of PR users' channels.Parallel sub-channels are constructed for CR users through Singular Value Decomposition(SVD).At last,waterfilling is also adopted to increase the CR users' capacity.Simulation result demonstrates that compared with existing methods,our method can improve the achievable sum rate of CR users as well as reduce the outage probability of PR users.

Recommender System Combining Popularity and Novelty Based on One-Mode Projection of Weighted Bipartite Network

Personalized recommendation algorithms,which are effective means to solve information overload,are popular topics in current research.In this paper,a recommender system combining popularity and novelty(RSCPN)based on one-mode projection of weighted bipartite network is proposed.The edge between a user and item is weighted with the item’s rating,and we consider the difference in the ratings of different users for an item to obtain a reasonable method of measuring the similarity between users.RSCPN can be used in the same model for popularity and novelty recommendation by setting different parameter values and analyzing how a change in parameters affects the popularity and novelty of the recommender system.We verify and compare the accuracy,diversity and novelty of the proposed model with those of other models,and results show that RSCPN is feasible.

ZTE Selected by BelTelecom for GPON National Broadband Network Project

ZTE Corporation announced on May 30, 2011 that it had won BelTelecom＇s national broadband network project in Belarus.