During the liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene,over-oxidation of reactant,intermediates and solvent to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is generally known as the burning side reaction.Batch and semi-continuous experi...During the liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene,over-oxidation of reactant,intermediates and solvent to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is generally known as the burning side reaction.Batch and semi-continuous experiments were carried out,and the experimental data of the burning side reaction were analyzed and reported in this paper.The results showed that the rates of burning side reactions were proportional to the rates of the main reaction,but decreased with the increasing concentrations of reactant and intermediates.The inter-stimulative and competitive relationship between the burning side reaction and the main reaction was confirmed,and the rates of the burning side reaction could be described with some key indexes of the main reaction.According to the mechanism of the side reactions and the kinetics model of main reaction which were proposed and tested in the previous papers,a kinetic model of the burning side reactions involving some key indexes of the main reaction was developed,and the parameters were determined by data fitting of the COx rate curves.The obtained kinetic model could describe the burning side reactions adequately.展开更多
Forty-two cancer patients were randomly divided into acupuncture plus radiotherapy chemotherapy (acupuncture) group and radiotherapy-chemotherapy (control) group. The indexes ob served were the counts of leukocytes an...Forty-two cancer patients were randomly divided into acupuncture plus radiotherapy chemotherapy (acupuncture) group and radiotherapy-chemotherapy (control) group. The indexes ob served were the counts of leukocytes and thrombocytes, and the activities of both natural killer (NK) cells and intCrleukin(IL) - 2. The findings showed that the counts of both leukocytes and thrombo cytes in acupuncture group had no significant changes while those of control group lowered consider ably, displaying a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.01 ). The activities of NK cells and IL - 2 of acupuncture group raised apparently while that of NK cells and IL - 2 in control group lowered markedly. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01 ). In acupuncture group, radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced symptoms of the d1gest1ve system and ner vous system were strikingly less than those of the control group, suggesting that acupuncture can pro nouncedly ameliorate radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced symptoms of arrest of bone marrow, im munosuppression, digestive system and nervous system.展开更多
This study aimed to establish a closed-cycle operation technology with high thermal efficiency in the thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle for large-scale hydrogen production.A series of experimental studies were perfor...This study aimed to establish a closed-cycle operation technology with high thermal efficiency in the thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle for large-scale hydrogen production.A series of experimental studies were performed to investigate the occurrence of side reactions in both the H2SO4 and HI x phases from the H2SO4/HI/I2/H2O quaternary system within a constant temperature range of 323-363 K.The effects of iodine content,water content and reaction temperature on the side reactions were evaluated.The results showed that an increase in the reaction temperature promoted the side reactions.However,they were prevented as the iodine or water content increased.The occurrence of side reactions was faster in kinetics and more intense in the H2SO4 phase than in the HI x phase.The sulfur or hydrogen sulfide formation reaction or the reverse Bunsen reaction was validated under certain conditions.展开更多
Li-S batteries have shown great potential as secondary energy batteries.However,the side reaction between Li anodes and polysulfides seriously limited their practical application.Herein,the artificial protective film,...Li-S batteries have shown great potential as secondary energy batteries.However,the side reaction between Li anodes and polysulfides seriously limited their practical application.Herein,the artificial protective film,which is consisted of Li-Nafion and TiO_(2),was designed and successfully prepared to achieve a corrosion-resistant Li anode in Li-S battery.In the composite protective film,the Li-Nafion could efficiently prevent the contact between Li anodes and polysulfides,and the incorporation of TiO_(2)nanoparticles into the Nafion could significantly increase the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of the protective film.Li-Li symmetric cells with an optimal artificial protective film exhibited an extended cycle-life of 750 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2)in Li_(2)S_(8)electrolyte.Moreover,the Li-S full battery with an optimal protective Li anode exhibited higher capacity retention of 777.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 C as well as better rate performance than the cell with a pure Li anode.This work provides alternative insights to suppress the side reaction for Li-S batteries with high capacity retention.展开更多
Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digit...Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this major healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subject heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast majority of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.展开更多
During the synthesis of the derivatives of styryl ketonic Mannich bases, a side -product IM,other than the normal Mannich base MA, is obtained. Mannich reaction is further studied and the formation mechanism of produc...During the synthesis of the derivatives of styryl ketonic Mannich bases, a side -product IM,other than the normal Mannich base MA, is obtained. Mannich reaction is further studied and the formation mechanism of product IM is postulated and discussed on the basis of deuterium labelling.展开更多
A stereoselective synthesis of brassinolide and dolicholide, which involves construction of the side chain enantiomers by a highly stereoselective aldol reaction of aldehyde 5 with the anion of α-silyloxy ketone 6 is...A stereoselective synthesis of brassinolide and dolicholide, which involves construction of the side chain enantiomers by a highly stereoselective aldol reaction of aldehyde 5 with the anion of α-silyloxy ketone 6 is described.展开更多
Single-crystal Nickel-rich layered oxides has been recognized as one of the promising cathodes for nextgeneration lithium batteries on account of their high capacity,while its practical application was hindered by str...Single-crystal Nickel-rich layered oxides has been recognized as one of the promising cathodes for nextgeneration lithium batteries on account of their high capacity,while its practical application was hindered by structural instability and slow Li^(+) transfer kinetics.Herein,a surface-to-bulk engineered single-crystal LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(Ni90) cathode,which features W-doped bulk and Li_(2)WO_(4) surface layer,was successfully achieved by a one-step high-valence W^(6+) modification.The as-obtained W-modified Ni90 delivers excellent cycling stability(89.8% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.5 C)and rate capability.The enhanced electrochemical performance was ascribed to the doped-W induced stabilized lattice oxygen,reduced Li^(+)/Ni^(2+) mixing and inhibited H2-H3 phase transition in the bulk,and Li_(2)WO_(4) layer generated stabilized cathode/electrolyte interface.In addition,the thinner LiF-rich cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI) on surface and smaller grain size for W-modified Ni90 benefit to its Li^(+) diffusion dynamics.The effect of high-valence W^(6+)on single-crystal Ni-rich cathode was firstly revealed in detail,which deepens the understanding of electrochemical behavior of Ni-rich cathode with high-valence cations modification,and provides clues for design of high-performance layered cathodes.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural National Science Foundation of China （20080672） and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （200803351111）.
文摘During the liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene,over-oxidation of reactant,intermediates and solvent to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is generally known as the burning side reaction.Batch and semi-continuous experiments were carried out,and the experimental data of the burning side reaction were analyzed and reported in this paper.The results showed that the rates of burning side reactions were proportional to the rates of the main reaction,but decreased with the increasing concentrations of reactant and intermediates.The inter-stimulative and competitive relationship between the burning side reaction and the main reaction was confirmed,and the rates of the burning side reaction could be described with some key indexes of the main reaction.According to the mechanism of the side reactions and the kinetics model of main reaction which were proposed and tested in the previous papers,a kinetic model of the burning side reactions involving some key indexes of the main reaction was developed,and the parameters were determined by data fitting of the COx rate curves.The obtained kinetic model could describe the burning side reactions adequately.
文摘Forty-two cancer patients were randomly divided into acupuncture plus radiotherapy chemotherapy (acupuncture) group and radiotherapy-chemotherapy (control) group. The indexes ob served were the counts of leukocytes and thrombocytes, and the activities of both natural killer (NK) cells and intCrleukin(IL) - 2. The findings showed that the counts of both leukocytes and thrombo cytes in acupuncture group had no significant changes while those of control group lowered consider ably, displaying a significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.01 ). The activities of NK cells and IL - 2 of acupuncture group raised apparently while that of NK cells and IL - 2 in control group lowered markedly. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01 ). In acupuncture group, radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced symptoms of the d1gest1ve system and ner vous system were strikingly less than those of the control group, suggesting that acupuncture can pro nouncedly ameliorate radiotherapy and chemotherapy induced symptoms of arrest of bone marrow, im munosuppression, digestive system and nervous system.
基金Project (No. 51006088) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘This study aimed to establish a closed-cycle operation technology with high thermal efficiency in the thermochemical sulfur-iodine cycle for large-scale hydrogen production.A series of experimental studies were performed to investigate the occurrence of side reactions in both the H2SO4 and HI x phases from the H2SO4/HI/I2/H2O quaternary system within a constant temperature range of 323-363 K.The effects of iodine content,water content and reaction temperature on the side reactions were evaluated.The results showed that an increase in the reaction temperature promoted the side reactions.However,they were prevented as the iodine or water content increased.The occurrence of side reactions was faster in kinetics and more intense in the H2SO4 phase than in the HI x phase.The sulfur or hydrogen sulfide formation reaction or the reverse Bunsen reaction was validated under certain conditions.
基金partially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772069 and 52072099)。
文摘Li-S batteries have shown great potential as secondary energy batteries.However,the side reaction between Li anodes and polysulfides seriously limited their practical application.Herein,the artificial protective film,which is consisted of Li-Nafion and TiO_(2),was designed and successfully prepared to achieve a corrosion-resistant Li anode in Li-S battery.In the composite protective film,the Li-Nafion could efficiently prevent the contact between Li anodes and polysulfides,and the incorporation of TiO_(2)nanoparticles into the Nafion could significantly increase the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of the protective film.Li-Li symmetric cells with an optimal artificial protective film exhibited an extended cycle-life of 750 h at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2)in Li_(2)S_(8)electrolyte.Moreover,the Li-S full battery with an optimal protective Li anode exhibited higher capacity retention of 777.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 C as well as better rate performance than the cell with a pure Li anode.This work provides alternative insights to suppress the side reaction for Li-S batteries with high capacity retention.
文摘Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this major healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subject heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast majority of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘During the synthesis of the derivatives of styryl ketonic Mannich bases, a side -product IM,other than the normal Mannich base MA, is obtained. Mannich reaction is further studied and the formation mechanism of product IM is postulated and discussed on the basis of deuterium labelling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20072012)the Special Research Grant for Doctoral Sites in Chinese Universities(Grant No.20010730001).
文摘A stereoselective synthesis of brassinolide and dolicholide, which involves construction of the side chain enantiomers by a highly stereoselective aldol reaction of aldehyde 5 with the anion of α-silyloxy ketone 6 is described.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2502103)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22279107, 22309153)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720230039)。
文摘Single-crystal Nickel-rich layered oxides has been recognized as one of the promising cathodes for nextgeneration lithium batteries on account of their high capacity,while its practical application was hindered by structural instability and slow Li^(+) transfer kinetics.Herein,a surface-to-bulk engineered single-crystal LiNi_(0.9)Co_(0.05)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(Ni90) cathode,which features W-doped bulk and Li_(2)WO_(4) surface layer,was successfully achieved by a one-step high-valence W^(6+) modification.The as-obtained W-modified Ni90 delivers excellent cycling stability(89.8% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.5 C)and rate capability.The enhanced electrochemical performance was ascribed to the doped-W induced stabilized lattice oxygen,reduced Li^(+)/Ni^(2+) mixing and inhibited H2-H3 phase transition in the bulk,and Li_(2)WO_(4) layer generated stabilized cathode/electrolyte interface.In addition,the thinner LiF-rich cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI) on surface and smaller grain size for W-modified Ni90 benefit to its Li^(+) diffusion dynamics.The effect of high-valence W^(6+)on single-crystal Ni-rich cathode was firstly revealed in detail,which deepens the understanding of electrochemical behavior of Ni-rich cathode with high-valence cations modification,and provides clues for design of high-performance layered cathodes.
