Effect of Temperature and Sulfonation Extent on Fluorescence Emission of Sulfonated Polystyrene

研究不同磺化度的磺化聚苯乙烯（ＳＰＳ）的荧光特性，ＳＰＳ的荧光光谱在２８５，３３５和３８０ｎｍ的发射峰分别对应于单体、激基缔合物及类激基缔合物的荧光发射．基态磺化苯乙烯基团形成的二聚体在光激发下产生类激基缔合物，类激基缔合物荧光随着ＳＰＳ磺化度的增加而增强．稀溶液中ＳＰＳ激基缔合物形的活化能和焓随着ＳＰＳ磺化度的增加而增大。

Surface Sulfonation of Polyvinyl Chloride by Plasma for Antithrombogenicity

To enhance the blood compatibility of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) film, the film was modified by SO2/O2 gas plasma treatment. The effect of surface sulfonation of PVC treated by various SO2/O2 gas plasma depended on the volume ratio O2/(SO2 +O2). When the volume ratio was 0.5, the effect of sulfonation was the best. Sulfonic acid groups were specifically and efficiently introduced onto the PVC surface, which was proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transfer Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The surface microstructure of modified PVC film was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antithrombogenicity of the samples was determined by the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT) and plasma recalcification time (PRT) tests and platelet adhesion experiment. The results indicated that the antithrombogenicity of modified PVC was improved remarkably.

Rheological property of low-damage,ideal packing,film-forming amphoteric/sulfonation polymer drilling fluids

Low-permeability dense reservoirs,including micro-fractured reservoirs,are commonly characterized by high content of clay substances,high original water saturation,high sensitivity to invasive fluids,high capillary pressure,complicated structure and anisotropic,high flow-resistance and micro pore throats etc,.Generally they also have lots of natural micro fractures,probably leading to stress sensibility.Main damaging factors in such reservoirs are water-sensibility and water-blocking caused by invasive fluids during drilling and production operations.Once damaged,formation permeability can rarely recovered.Numerous studies have shown that damaging extent of water-blocking ranges from 70% to 90%.Main damaging mechanisms and influencing factors of water-blocking were systematically analyzed.Also some feasible precaution or treating approaches of water-blocking were put forward.In a laboratory setting,a new multi-functional drilling fluid composed mainly of amphion polymer,sulfonation polymer,high effectively preventive water-blocking surfactants,ideal packing temporary bridging agents(TBA) and film-forming agents,etc.,were developed.New low-damage drilling fluids has many advantages,such as good rheological properties,excellent effectiveness of water-blocking prevention,good temporary plugging effect,low filtration and ultra-low permeability(API filtration≤5 mL,HTHP filtration≤10 mL,mud cake frictional coefficient≤0.14,permeability recovery>81%),can efficiently prevent or minimize damage,preserve natural formation and enhance comprehensive development-investment effect in TUHA Jurassic dense sandstone reservoir formation with low-permeability,the only one developing integrated condense gas field.Some references can be provided to similar reservoir formations.

Implications from γ-globulin adsorption onto cation exchangers fabricated by sequential alginate grafting and sulfonation

Our previous work proved that high adsorption capacity and uptake rate of lysozyme were achieved on alginate(Alg)-grafted re sin with an ionic capacity(IC) of 240 mmol·L^(-1)(Alg-FF-240).Moreover,the salt-tolerant feature of Alg-FF-230 was improved by using sequential alginate grafting and sulfonation strategy.Inspired by the enhanced adsorption performance of lysozyme,we have herein proposed to investigate the static and dynamic adsorption behaviors of γ-globulin on a series of Alg-grafted resins with different grafting densities and sulfonation degrees.The adsorption ca pacity of γ-globulin decreased with increa sing alginate-grafting density(IC) from 160 to 230 mmol·L^(-1) at 0 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl because of the steric hindrance caused by the alginate-grafting layer.Effects of ionic strength(IS) indicated that the adsorption capacities of the resins with the IC value of 230-370 mmol·L^(-1) were much higher than CM Sepharose FF at 50-100 mmol·L^(-1) NaCl,and the uptake rate of Alg-FF-230 was about twice as much as that of CM Sepharose FF.This work demonstrated the important effects of alginate-grafting layer and IS in γ-globulin adsorption behavior,which would be helpful in the design of Alggrafted resins and the selection of proper IS condition for protein purification.

Sulfonation of （1 →6）-β-D-Glucan （Lasiodiplodan） and Its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential

The objective of this study was to investigate the sulfonation of （1→6）-β-D-glucan （lasiodiplodan） as a potentiating mechanism for biological functionalities. Lasiodiplodan was sulfonated by the chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method. The modified exopolysaccharide was characterized by FT-IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and SEM. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the methods of H2O2 and OH radical removal and reducing power. Antimicrobial potential was evaluated by the broth-microdilution method. Sulfonation resulted in a derivative with DS of 0.24. FT-IR analysis indicated the introduction of sulfonyl groups in the macromolecule structure through specific bands in the regions of 1,240 cm-1 and 810 cm-1. 13C NMR analysis suggested that sulfonation occurred at carbon 2 of the glucose residue. Sulfonation led to morphological changes in the structure of the biopolymer resulting in a heterogeneous structure with the presence of fibrils. Derivatization promoted an increase in the antioxidant ability of the macromolecule, with a high OH removal potential （74.32%）. Bacteriostatic activity against E. coli （Escherichia coli） and S. enterica （Salmonella enterica） typhimurium and fungicidal activity against C. albicans （Candida albicans） and C. tropicalis （Candida tropicalis） were found in the sulfonated sample. Sulfonation potentiated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the biomacromolecule, suggesting that it is a potentiating mechanism of biological functions.

SULFONATION OF A NEW POLYETHERETHERKETONE PREPARED FROM PHENOLPHTHALEIN

A novel polyetheretherketone (PEK-C) prepared from phenolphthalein has been synthesized. In order to improve some of its properties for application in high performance membrane, the PEK-C has been sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid. Degree of sulfonation can be regulated by controlling the temmperature and time of sulfonation. The characterization of the sulfonated PEK-C in sodium salt form has been made by IR, ~1H NMR and ^(13)C NMR etc. It is shown that the sulfonation appears to take place exclusively in the ortho position to phenolic ether of phenolphthalein unit. The result is in agreement with theoretical deduction. Some properties of the sulfonated PEK-C, such as solubility, transition temperature, thermal degradation and hydrophilicity have also been discussed.

EFFECT OF SOLVENT COMPOSITION ON THE SULFONATION DEGREE OF POLY(PHENYLENE OXIDE) (PPO)

This paper investigates the possibility of attaining sulphonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) with a relativelyhigher sulfonation degree. To achieve this aim, the approach we adopt is to improve the solubility of the final product in themixed solvent so that the sulfonation may take place between the bulk solutions and PPO powders even at higher sulfonationdegree. It is shown that the addition of a proper amount of dimethyl formide (DMF) to the conventional PPO-chloroformsystem can actually enhance the sulfonation effect. The solvent composition is then correlated with the sulfonation degreebased on the solubility parameters. It is interesting to find that solubility parameters between the mixed solvent and theprecipitated products keep an approximately unchanged value at about 4.9, which is just equal to that when pure chloroformis used, though the solubility parameters of both solvents increase with the content of DMF in solution. This may be the mainreason why the addition of DMF can reduce the precipitation and improve the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of SPPOpolymer.

Sulfonation of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone leuco by chlorosulfonic acid:Kinetics and process intensification

The work herein employed a rotating packed bed(RPB)to intensify the sulfonation process of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone leuco(DL)in an attempt to improve the yield of the product 1,4-diaminoanthra quinone-2-sulfonic acid(DSA).First,the effects of operating conditions in a stirred tank reactor(STR),including stirring speed,chlorosulfonic acid/DL molar ratio(η),solvent/DL mass ratio(ζ),reaction temperature and dropping speed of chlorosulfonic acid,on the yield of DSA were investigated.The yield of DSA can reach 87.34%under the optimal operating conditions:stirring speed of 500 r·min^(-1),ηof 4.5,ζof 7,reaction temperature of 150℃,dropping speed of 0.61 ml·min^(-1).In addition,the kinetics of the sulfonation process via the shrinking core model revealed that the reaction is controlled by diffusion via a product layer under the reaction temperature of 140℃.Furthermore,the RPB was employed to intensify the mass transfer between liquid and solid phases during the sulfonation reaction process.The results showed that the DSA yield of 92.69%obtained by RPB was 5.35%higher than that by STR,indicating that RPB can significantly intensify the mass transfer in the liquid-solid phase sulfonation reaction process.

CHEMISTRY OF 1,2,4—TRIAZINES XIX THE ANOMALOUS SUBSTITUTED BENZENE SULFONATION AND PROPERTIES OF NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK ON 6-CARBON OF 3-METHYLTHIO-5-HYDROXY-1,2,4-TRIAZINE

3-Methylthio-5-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine(1c)reacted with substituted benzenesulfonyl chloride to give 3-methylthio-5-oxy-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl pyridinium betaine(4)in anhydrous pyridine.But when NaOH/H_2O/CH_3COCH_3 or NaOH/CH_3OH were used as reactant and solvent,3-methylthio-4-substituted benzenesulfonyl-5-oxo-6-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine(6)or 1-tosyl-3-methylthio-5-oxo-6-methyloxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazine(7)was obtained respectively.The above reactions show anomalous properties of nucleophilic attack on 6-carbon in 1,2,4-triazine ring.

Removal of rubidium from brine by an integrated film of sulfonated polysulfone/graphene/potassium copper ferricyanide

A novel integrated film of sulfonated polysulfone/graphene/potassium copper ferricyanide(KCuFC/SPSG)was used for selectively extracting rubidium ion(Rb^(+))from brine.To form KCuFC/SPSG,the precursor film of sulfonated polysulfone/graphene(SPSG)was synthesized by phase conversion process,which was alternately immersed in 0.1 mol·L^(-1)CuSO_(4)/K_(4)[Fe(CN)_(6)]by in-situ adsorption coupled co-precipitation method.Various data such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer,Fourier transform infrared spectroscope,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,and energy dispersive spectroscopy all verified that abundant KCuFC were uniformly located on the film.The resulting KCuFC/SPSG was used in film separation system.As the solution was fed into the system,the Rb^(+)could be selectively adsorption by KCuFC/SPSG.After the saturation adsorption,0.5 mol·L^(-1)NH_(4)Cl/HCl was fed into the film cell,Rb^(+)could be quickly desorbed by ion-exchange between Rb^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)in the lattice of KCuFC.The purpose of separating and recovering Rb^(+)from the brine can be achieved after the repeated operation.The effects of pH,adsorption time,and interferential ions on the adsorption capacity of Rb^(+)were investigated by batch experiments.The adsorption behavior fits the pseudo-second order kinetic process,while KCuFC has a higher adsorption capacity(Langmuir maximum sorption 165.4 mg·g^(-1)).In addition,KCuFC/SPSG shows excellent selectivity for Rb^(+)even in complex brine systems.KCuFC/SPSG could maintain 93.5%extraction efficiency after five adsorption/desorption cycles.

Flotation separation of andalusite from quartz using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector

The floatability of andalusite and quartz was studied using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector, being successfully applied in the real ore separation. The collecting performance on minerals was interpreted by means of zeta potential measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis. The single mineral experiments showed that andalusite got good floatability in acidic pH region while quartz exhibited very poor floatability in the whole pH range. At pH 3, the presence of Fe3+ obviously activated quartz, causing the identical flotation behavior of the two minerals, and calcium lignosulphonate exhibited good selective inhibition to quartz. The real ore test results showed that andalusite concentrate with 53.46% Al2O3 and quartz concentrate with 92.74% SiO2 were obtained. The zeta potential and infrared spectroscopic analysis results indicated that chemical adsorption occurred between sodium petroleum sulfonate and andalusite.

2D氢键网络镉配合物Cd(pyridine-2-sulfonato)_2(H_2O)_2和锌配合物Zn(pyridine-2-sulfonato)_2(H_2O)_2的合成和晶体结构

合成了镉的吡啶-2-磺酸配合物Cd(C5H4NSO3)2(H2O)2 1和锌的吡啶-2-磺酸配合物Zn(C5H4NSO3)2(H2O)2 2。 研究表明, 2个化合物属异质同晶, 均属单斜晶系, 空间群为C2/c. 化合物1晶胞参数为:a = 13.7671(5), b = 7.2778(3), c = 16.1559(9) ? b = 106.656(3)? V = 1550.8(1) 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.990 g/cm3, m =1.719 mm-1, F(000) = 920, R = 0.0225, wR = 0.0584, 共收集到1759个独立衍射点, 其中I≥2(I)的可观测点为1681个;化合物2晶胞参数为:a = 13.711(1), b = 7.1451(9), c = 15.972(1) , b =107.079(5)? V = 1495.7(3) 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.855 g/cm3, m = 1.964 mm-1, F(000) = 848, R = 0.0310, wR = 0.0831, 共收集到1707个独立衍射点, 其中I≥2(I)的可观测点为1592个。在2个标题配合物中, Cd2+离子(或Zn2+离子)由2个吡啶-2-磺酸中的2个氮和2个氧以及2个水分子中的2个氧配位形成畸变的N2O4八面体配位构型。每个配合物分子具有晶体学2次旋转轴对称性。配合物分子之间通过许多OH(配位水分子)LO(未配位磺酸根)氢键联结成二维结构网络。

Sulfone通过转录因子Elk1调节人结肠癌细胞XAF1表达的研究

背景:Sulfone是一个高效的结肠肿瘤化学预防制剂,具有抗肿瘤功能,但其具体作用机制尚未完全明确。目的:探讨Sulfone在转录水平调节X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)相关因子1(XAF1)表达的作用机制。方法:以Sulfone干预人结肠癌细胞株HCT116,以蛋白质印迹法检测磷酸化ERK1/2(pERK1/2)、XAF1和ERK1/2表达;构建稳定转染pLuc-291质粒以及pLuc-291-18T、pLuc-291-70T、pLuc-291-IRFm质粒的HCT116细胞(分别为转录因子Elk1、c-ETS、IRF结合序列点突变),以荧光素酶报告基因检测Sulfone对XAF1启动子转录活性的调节作用;以染色质免疫沉淀法检测Elk1-XAF1的DNA结合活性;以实时定量PCR检测Elk1 siRNA对XAF1 mRNA表达的影响。结果:Sulfone可显著抑制pERK1/2表达,显著上调XAF1表达。XAF1启动子Elk1结合序列点突变能显著增加Sulfone诱导的XAF1启动子转录活性,而c-ETS和IRF结合序列点突变对Sulfone诱导的XAF1启动子转录活性无明显影响。XAF1启动子区域存在Elk1的特异性结合序列。以Elk1 siRNA抑制Elk1表达能显著增高XAF1mRNA表达。结论:Sulfone通过抑制ERK1/2信号通路下游转录因子Elk1活性,在转录水平上调人结肠癌细胞XAF1表达。

Laser Flash Photolysis Mechanism of Anthraquinone-2-Sodium Sulfonate in Pyridine Ionic Liquid/Water Mixed System

The photochemical reaction process of anthraquinone-2-sodium sulfonate （AQS） in the mixture of water （H2O） and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[BPy] [BF4]） was studied using the laser flash photolysis technique. Experimental results show that the excited triplet of AQS （3AQS＊） could react rapidly with H2O and the transient absorption spectra greatly changed by increasing the volume fraction of the ionic liquid （VIL） in [BPy][BF4]/H2O mixtures. The absorbance at 510 nm increased gradually with increasing VIL when 0〈VIL〈0.1. By contrast, the absorbance decreased gradually when VIL〉0.1. Otherwise, the absorbance of the band near 380 nm steadily increased. The apparent kinetic parameters of transient species B and ^3AQS＊ are obtained approximately. 3AQS＊ abstracting hydrogen from [BPy]＋ was also explored. It was deduced that the 350-420 nm band was the superposition of the peaks of 3AQS＊ and AQSH＇. The two reactions of 3AQS＊ with [BPy][BF4] and H2O are a pair of competitive reactions. We also concluded that the entire reaction processes slow down in the case of high [BPy] [BF4] concentrations.

Sulfone通过抑制ERK途径上调XAF1表达诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡

目的:探讨化学预防药物Sulfone是否通过转录调节XAF1的表达诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡。方法:采用Hoechst 33258染色法检测人结肠癌细胞株HCT116(p53野生型)和SW480(p53突变型)经Sulfone处理后的细胞凋亡率。运用Western印迹法检测上述细胞经Sulfone处理前后XAF1、磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)和ERK1/2总蛋白质的表达量变化。通过双重荧光素酶报告基因检测Sulfone对XAF1启动子转录活性的调节作用。结果:Sulfone能诱导HCT116和SW480细胞凋亡,其效应随剂量的增加和时程的延长而更明显。Sulfone能有效抑制上述两种细胞中ERK1/2蛋白的磷酸化(抑制率分别为74%和57%,P<0.05),但上调XAF1蛋白的表达(2.2倍和3.1倍,P<0.05)。经Sulfone处理后,XAF1启动子的转录活性在HCT116和SW480细胞分别提高了3.3倍(P<0.01)和2.6倍(P<0.05)。结论:Sulfone通过抑制ERK途径,在转录水平显著上调XAF1的表达进而诱导细胞凋亡,且这种作用的强弱与肿瘤细胞的p53分型有关。

STUDY ON SYNTHESIS OF p-TOLUIDINE-o-SULFONIC ACID

Synthesis of p toluidine o sulfonic acid from p toluidine by sulfonation in solvent was studied,and effects of various reaction conditions or factors on the reaction were discussed in detail.As a result,the following optimum process conditions are presented:50 mL dichlorobenzene,2%～5% oleum,molar ratio of sulfonating agent to p toluidine is 1.10～1.12,oleum is dropped in the reaction system in 10 min or so,sulfate formation time is 2 h,distillation lasts 8 h.Under the above conditions,the purity and the yield of p toluidine o sulfonic acid are better than that of the same product made in Japan.

亚临界萃取和膜技术精制元宝枫籽油的工艺优化

为了提高元宝枫籽油(ASO)的质量特性和储藏稳定性,对亚临界萃取得到的元宝枫籽油进行精制,以去除磷脂、过氧化物和游离脂肪酸。本文对亚临界萃取ASO的提取工艺进行优化,并对得到的原油利用膜分离技术进行脱胶精制,以膜通量,脱胶率、碘值、过氧化值、酸价为指标,对不同孔径的陶瓷膜和不同截留分子量的聚醚砜膜进行筛选。考察膜截留分子量、温度和压力对膜通量的影响;通过响应面法,确定ASO精制的最佳工艺参数。同时采用气相色谱-质谱法比较精制前后脂肪酸的含量。结果表明,当粒径为30目、萃取温度50℃,固液比为1:4 g/mL,聚醚砜膜分子量为100 kD,温度44℃,压力1.9 MPa,ASO得油率均值为35.92%,脱胶率为86.73%,通量为12.51 L/m2·h,碘值为116.93 g/100 g,过氧化值为0.06 g/100 g,酸价为3.66 g/100 g,与原油相比脂肪酸含量无明显损失。研究结果显示,用膜分离法脱胶是一种提高油脂品质的有效手段,本研究可为优质元宝枫籽油的生产提供技术支持。

Determination of genotoxic alkyl methane sulfonates and alkyl paratoluene sulfonates in lamivudine using hyphenated techniques

Two highly sensitive methods for the determination of genotoxic alkyl methane sulfonates (AMSs) and alkyl paratoluene sulfonates (APTSs) in lamivudine using hyphenated techniques have been presented. AMSs were determined by GC-MS method using GSBPINOWAX (30 m 0.25 mm 0.25 mm) column. Temperature program was set by maintaining at 100 1C initially for 3 min, then rised to 220 1C at the rate of 15 1C/min and maintained at 220 1C for 16 min. N,N-dimethyl formamide was used as diluent. APTSs were determined by LC-MS using Zorbax, Rx C8, 250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm column as stationary phase. 0.01 M ammonium acetate is used as buffer. The mixture of buffer and methanol in 75:25 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase A and mixture of buffer and methanol in 5:95 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase B. The gradient program (T/%B) was set as 0/28, 16/50, 17/100, 23/100, 27/28 and 40/28. Both the methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Limit of quantitation was found 1.5 mg/mL for AMSs and was in the range of 1.0-1.5 mg/mL for APTSs.

Effect of temperature on the sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on humic acid

Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, suggesting that diflusion predominated the sorption of PFOS on the humic acid. The sorption capacity was doubled when the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C, and thermodynamics parameters △G0 was calculated to be –7.11 to –5.04 kJ/mol, △H0 was 14.2 kJ/mol, and △S 0 was 69.5 J/（mol·K）, indicating that the sorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy driven process. Desorption hysteresis occurred at all studied temperatures which suggested that humic acid may be an important sink of PFOS in the environment.