Anti-Windup Digital Control Design for Time-Delayed Analog Nonlinear Systems Using Approximated Scalar Sign Function

This paper describes an approximated-scalar-sign-function-based anti-windup digital control design for analog nonlinear systems subject to input constraints. As input saturation occurs, the non-smooth saturation constraint is modeled with the approximated scalar sign function which is a smooth nonlinear function. The resulting nonlinear model is further linearized at any operating point with the optimal linearization technique, and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) is then applied for a state-feedback controller optimal for each operating point. As input saturation is encountered, an iterative procedure is developed to adjust control gains by systematically updating LQR weighting matrices until the inputs lie within the saturation limits. Through global digital redesign, the analog LQR controller is converted to an equivalent digital one for keeping the essential control performance, and moreover, delay compensation is taken into account during digital redesign for compensating the potential time delays in a control loop. The swing-up and stabilization control of single rotary inverted pendulum system is used to illustrate and verify the proposed method.

Existence of Monotone Positive Solution for a Fourth-Order Three-Point BVP with Sign-Changing Green’s Function

This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.

On the C-E Translation of Public Signs from the Functional Perspective

With the rapid development of Chinese economy, more and more foreigners have been attracted to China to invest, work, study and travel. To help the foreigners better understand China and facilitate cross-cultural communication, bilingual or even trilingual public signs spring up in every part of China. As is known that public signs, usually in the form of a few words, a picture or words accompanied with a picture, function not only as a " face" of a city and a nation, but also as a first calling card given to the foreigners. Moreover, public signs have definite functions-informing, warning or directing. However, to our disappointment, mistranslations of the public signs are present everywhere.

REPRESENTATION OF GENERALIZED TRANSLATIONS OF THE PRODUCT OF TWO FUNCTIONS ON SIGNED HYPERGROUPS ON THE REAL LINE

In this paper, we consider the generalized translations associated with the Dunkl and the Jacobi-Dunkl differential-difference operators on the real line which provide the structure of signed hrpergroups on R. Especially, we study the representation of the gener- alized translations of the product of two functions for these signed hypergroups.

Functional Outcomes of Adult Tibia Shaft Fractures Treated with Solid Intramedullary Nails versus Hollow Nails: A Systematic Review

Introduction: The management of fractures of the tibia shaft is an important aspect of orthopaedic care, and the selection of the surgical method for fixation can substantially impact patient outcomes. The current review aims to compare the outcomes of adult tibia fractures treated with solid nails to those treated with hollow nails. Methods: A search on Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, using three keywords (Outcome, Tibia shaft fractures, Nail) was conducted in April 2023. Results were compiled and two independent reviewers screened and selected eligible articles After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were read to exclude ineligible studies. Full-text articles of the remaining papers were read to select eligible studies which were further critically appraised to ascertain their methodological quality. The data extracted from the selected papers were synthesized using a combination of pooling of results, tests of statistical difference (t-test and chi-square) and narrative synthesis methods. Results: A total of 2295 articles were obtained from the databases and citation searching. A total of 9 papers were identified as eligible and included in the review. Findings revealed that there is no statistical difference in the outcomes of tibia fractures treated with either solid or hollow nail groups such as duration of surgery (p = 0.541), rate of delayed and non-union (p = 0.342), and rate of surgical site infections (p = 0.395). Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing of tibia shaft fractures with either solid or hollow nails have similar functional outcomes.

An Analysis of Problematic C-E Translations of Signs in Light of Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory

Based on Nida’s Functional Equivalence theory,this article makes an analysis of the problems in C-E translations ofsigns in China.The author will discuss respectively the problematic C-E translations from two respects:1)not being equivalent tosource-language message,and 2)not being natural for target language.If translators work hard with the help of Nida’s functionalequivalence theory,the defects and imperfections will be discovered,and standard signs in English will be read more and more inpublic places.

基于sign(x)函数的点在多边形内外判别算法及应用

在对已有的点与多边形位置关系判断算法分析与研究的基础之上,提出一种新的判断点在多边形内外的算法。该算法用三维空间来解决二维平面问题,将二维平面内的点看作是三维空间在平面上的点,从而得出简单的待判断点与多边形顶点之间的坐标关系式。由于符号函数仅仅有三个值,巧妙地利用符号函数的特殊性来表示待判断点与多边形的顶点之间的坐标关系。最终,可以简单地由符号函数之和判断点是否位于多边形内部。程序验证表明,该算法简单、易于实现。同时,将该算法应用于基于RTK GPS定位技术的机动车驾驶证申领场地考试系统中,结果表明,判断准确率高,且实时性好。

Signed Total Domination in Graphs

Let G=(V,E) be a simple graph. For any real valued function f:V →R, the weight of f is f(V) = ∑f(v) over all vertices v∈V . A signed total dominating function is a function f:V→{-1,1} such that f(N(v)) ≥1 for every vertex v∈V . The signed total domination number of a graph G equals the minimum weight of a signed total dominating function on G . In this paper, some properties of the signed total domination number of a graph G are discussed.

Prevalence and Early Signs of Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) among 18-36 Month Old Children in Tianjin of China

Objective The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） among 18-36 month old children in the Tianjin Municipality of China, and to identify early signs of autistic children and the predictability of each individual symptom. Methods A total of 8 000 children were screened to do a questionnaire based on CHAT modified to include more early signs of autism at the age of 28-36 months. Then the at-risk children were reexamined 1.5 years later and ASD children were identified based on DSM-IV. Early signs of autism were analyzed retrospectively by using discriminant function analysis performed among ASD children, children not followed up and children followed up but failing to meet ASD criteria. Results Three hundred and sixty seven children were screened as being at-risk to ASD, and 22 of them were identified as having ASD in the subsequent diagnosis. The prevalence of ASD was 27.5 per 10 000 in Tianjin of China with a male to female ratio of 4：1. Items addressing social interactions and communications had higher predictability than other items to distinguish autistic children from non-autistic ones. Pretend play, functional play, showing and reading parents＇ facial expressions distinguished autistic children from those not followed up, nevertheless those followed up but failing to meet ASD criteria were not included.Conclusion The prevalence of ASD found in our study was lower than that reported in some studies by western researchers. Autism has its specific symptoms, such as deficits in social awareness, social relatedness, and social referencing.

Signed total domatic number of a graph

Let G = （V, E） be a graph, and let f ： V →{-1, 1} be a two-valued function. If ∑x∈N（v） f（x） ≥ 1 for each v ∈ V, where N（v） is the open neighborhood of v, then f is a signed total dominating function on G. A set {fl, f2,… fd} of signed d total dominating functions on G with the property that ∑i=1^d fi（x） ≤ 1 for each x ∈ V, is called a signed total dominating family （of functions） on G. The maximum number of functions in a signed total dominating family on G is the signed total domatic number on G, denoted by dt^s（G）. The properties of the signed total domatic number dt^s（G） are studied in this paper. In particular, we give the sharp bounds of the signed total domatic number of regular graphs, complete bipartite graphs and complete graphs.

The Signed Domination Number of Cartesian Product of Two Paths

Let G be a finite connected simple graph with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G). A function f:V(G) → {1,1} is a signed dominating function if for every vertex v∈V(G), the closed neighborhood of v contains more vertices with function values 1 than with −1. The signed domination number γs(G) of G is the minimum weight of a signed dominating function on G. In this paper, we calculate The signed domination numbers of the Cartesian product of two paths Pm and Pn for m = 3, 4, 5 and arbitrary n.

Dominating functions with integer values in graphs a survey

For an arbitrary subset P of the reals, a function f ： V →P is defined to be a P-dominating function of a graph G = （V, E） if the sum of its function values over any closed neighbourhood is at least 1. That is, for every v ∈ V, f（N[v]） ≥ 1. The definition of total P-dominating function is obtained by simply changing ‘closed＇ neighborhood N[v] in the definition of P-dominating function to ‘open＇ neighborhood N（v）. The （total） P-domination number of a graph G is defined to be the infimum of weight w（f） = ∑v ∈ V f（v） taken over all （total） P-dominating function f. Similarly, the P-edge and P-star dominating functions can be defined. In this paper we survey some recent progress on the topic of dominating functions in graph theory. Especially, we are interested in P-, P-edge and P-star dominating functions of graphs with integer values.

On Signed Domination of Grid Graph

Let G(V, E) be a finite connected simple graph with vertex set V(G). A function is a signed dominating function f : V(G)→{−1,1} if for every vertex v ∈ V(G), the sum of closed neighborhood weights of v is greater or equal to 1. The signed domination number γs(G) of G is the minimum weight of a signed dominating function on G. In this paper, we calculate the signed domination numbers of the Cartesian product of two paths Pm and Pn for m = 6, 7 and arbitrary n.

On the Signed Domination Number of the Cartesian Product of Two Directed Cycles

Let D be a finite simple directed graph with vertex set V(D) and arc set A(D). A function ?is called a signed dominating function (SDF) if ?for each vertex . The weight ?of f is defined by . The signed domination number of a digraph D is . Let Cm × Cn denotes the cartesian product of directed cycles of length m and n. In this paper, we determine the exact values of gs(Cm × Cn) for m = 8, 9, 10 and arbitrary n. Also, we give the exact value of gs(Cm × Cn) when m, ?(mod 3) and bounds for otherwise.

The Generalization of Signed Domination Number of Two Classes of Graphs

Let be a graph. A function is said to be a Signed Dominating Function (SDF) if holds for all . The signed domination number . In this paper, we determine the exact value of the Signed Domination Number of graphs and for , which is generalized the known results, respectively, where and are denotes the k-th power graphs of cycle and path .

Signed (b,k)-Edge Covers in Graphs

Let be a simple graph with vertex set and edge set . Let have at least vertices of degree at least , where and are positive integers. A function is said to be a signed -edge cover of if for at least vertices of , where . The value , taking over all signed -edge covers of is called the signed -edge cover number of and denoted by . In this paper we give some bounds on the signed -edge cover number of graphs.

Structural neuroimaging and neuropsychological correlates of a single case of focal central pontine myelinolysis: Intact memory function with decreased intellectual and motor functions

We report on the case of middle-aged right-handed woman with central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) revealed by high resolution structural T2-weighted FLAIR MRI imaging. There was a general flattening of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition subtest scores which were 1 standard deviation below expected values. In contrast Wechsler Memory Scale—Fourth Edition visual and auditory memory scores remained within the normal range. Verbal working memory appeared mildly impaired while nonverbal working memory was not. Scores on the Advanced Clinical Solution’s Social Perception battery were all in the normal range as were academic skills measured by the Wide Range Achievement Test—Fourth Edition. Performance was impaired on the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System’s counterpart of the Trail-Making Test: Part B. Similarly, on the Draw-A-Person Test there was a discrepancy in that our patient’s standard score was 76 compared to her estimated premorbid FSIQ in the average range. She also displayed bilateral motor coordination slowing on the Finger Tapping task collectively suggesting damage to pontine motor tracts. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—Second Edition—Restructured Form profile was consistent with a diagnosis of severe anxiety and depression perhaps due to damage to serotoninergic neural tracts originating within the central pons. Finally, the patient displayed severe sleep disturbances and other signs of reticular activating formation injury. CPM may constitute a unique means of studying reversible subcortical lesions in the central pons in otherwise healthy subjects with benign illness. To our knowledge this is among the first patients with CPM without the usual risk factors for the disorder and who was otherwise healthy. Knowledge of the etiology and neuropsychology of such patients might aid in understanding the interaction of the fronto-ponto-cerebellar tracts in executive functions and motor programming.

Standardizing signs on public information in the New Coastal Area

The public information signs( The term public information signs will be abbreviated to public signs in the following text.)in the urban areas not only offer convenience for people to move around, but also reflect the level of development and progress of those areas. It is essential to the creative development and uplifting of the New Costal Area (thereafter, NCA) to have a good understanding of its present situation with regard to its public signs, to discuss the related issues in the development, to work out a system that is up to international standard and develop its own standards in the course of implementing the national strategies on standardizing public signs.

基于物体单视图的隐式曲面重建

基于隐式曲面的三维重建方法在保真度、灵活性和压缩能力方面提供了良好的权衡。文章利用隐式曲面网络学习物体形状的三维表面,首先利用视觉几何群(visual geometry group-16,VGG-16)网络从图像中提取全局特征,对建模空间中的每个采样点从VGG-16网络中获取局部特征;其次对每个采样点利用多层感知器(multi-layer perceptron,MLP)进行位置编码得到点特征;然后将全局特征和局部特征分别与点特征串联起来送入2个解码器中,获得隐式场中采样点的符号距离函数(signed distance function,SDF)的大小与符号,并最终得到物体的隐式曲面。文中所提出的方法应用于ShapeNet数据集上进行三维对象重建任务,定性和定量评估均优于现有方法,特别是对于具有孔洞和薄结构的复杂拓扑物体。

Traffic Sign Recognition Based on CNN and Twin Support Vector Machine Hybrid Model

With the progress of deep learning research, convolutional neural networks have become the most important method in feature extraction. How to effectively classify and recognize the extracted features will directly affect the performance of the entire network. Traditional processing methods include classification models such as fully connected network models and support vector machines. In order to solve the problem that the traditional convolutional neural network is prone to over-fitting for the classification of small samples, a CNN-TWSVM hybrid model was proposed by fusing the twin support vector machine (TWSVM) with higher computational efficiency as the CNN classifier, and it was applied to the traffic sign recognition task. In order to improve the generalization ability of the model, the wavelet kernel function is introduced to deal with the nonlinear classification task. The method uses the network initialized from the ImageNet dataset to fine-tune the specific domain and intercept the inner layer of the network to extract the high abstract features of the traffic sign image. Finally, the TWSVM based on wavelet kernel function is used to identify the traffic signs, so as to effectively solve the over-fitting problem of traffic signs classification. On GTSRB and BELGIUMTS datasets, the validity and generalization ability of the improved model is verified by comparing with different kernel functions and different SVM classifiers.