Digital signal acquisition system for complex nuclear reaction experiments

A digital data-acquisition system based on XIA LLC products was used in a complex nuclear reaction experiment using radioactive ion beams.A flexible trigger system based on a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)parametrization was developed to adapt to different experimental sizes.A user-friendly interface was implemented,which allows converting script language expressions into FPGA internal control parameters.The proposed digital system can be combined with a conventional analog data acquisition system to provide more flexibility.The performance of the combined system was veri-fied using experimental data.

Development of a wide-range and fast-response digitizing pulse signal acquisition and processing system for neutron flux monitoring on EAST

The neutron count rate fluctuation reaches six orders of magnitude between the ohmic plasma scenario and high power of auxiliary heating on an experimental advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST).The measurement result of neutron flux monitoring(NFM)is a significant feedback parameter related to the acquisition of radiation protection-related information and rapid fluctuations in neutron emission induced by plasma magnetohydrodynamic activity.Therefore,a wide range and high time resolution are required for the NFM system on EAST.To satisfy these requirements,a digital pulse signal acquisition and processing system with a wide dynamic range and fast response time was developed.The present study was conducted using a field-programmable gate array(FPGA)and peripheral component interconnect extension for instrument express(PXIe)platform.The digital dual measurement modes,which are composed of the pulse-counting mode and AC coupled square integral's Campbelling mode,were designed to expand the measurement range of the signal acquisition and processing system.The time resolution of the signal acquisition and processing system was improved from 10 to 1 ms owing to utilizing highspeed analog-to-digital converters(ADCs),a high-speed PXIe communication with a direct memory access(DMA)mode,and online data preprocessing technology of FPGA.The signal acquisition and processing system was tested experimentally in the EAST radiation field.The test results showed that the time resolution of NFM was improved to 1 ms,and the dynamic range of the neutron counts rate was expanded to more than 10^(6) counts per second.The Campbelling mode was calibrated using a multipoint average linear fitting method;subsequently,the fitting coefficient reached 0.9911.Therefore,the newly developed pulse signal acquisition and processing system ensures that the NFM system meets the requirements of high-parameter experiments conducted on EAST more effectively.

Impact of GPS Almanac Broadcast Strategy on the Signal Acquisition Time

This paper investigates the problem of almanac affecting the signal acquisition time with two constraints: different age of data and multi-sets of almanac. The contributions made in this paper include: 1) the exploiting of signal acquisition concept to extend well-known almanac function of predicting visible satellite and initializing signal acquisition to minimizing the signal acquisition time; 2) a model based on code phase and Doppler frequency to reflect the impact of multi-sets of almanac on the signal acquisition time; 3) the evaluation of the existing GPS almanac with different broadcast strategy. The theoretical analyses and simulations conducted on three sets of almanac show that the model proposed in this paper is general and efficient for almanac design and application.

Re-scaling and adaptive stochastic resonance as a tool for weak GNSS signal acquisition

Weak global navigation satellite system（GNSS） signal acquisition has been a limitation for high sensitivity GPS receivers. This paper modifies the traditional acquisition algorithms and proposes a new weak GNSS signal acquisition method using re-scaling and adaptive stochastic resonance（SR）. The adoption of classical SR is limited to low-frequency and periodic signals. Given that GNSS signal frequency is high and that the periodic feature of the GNSS signal is affected by the Doppler frequency shift, classical SR methods cannot be directly used to acquire GNSS signals. Therefore, the re-scaling technique is used in our study to expand its usage to high-frequency signals and adaptive control technique is used to gradually determine the Doppler shift effect in GNSS signal buried in strong noises. The effectiveness of our proposed method was verified by the simulations on GPS L1 signals. The simulation results indicate that the new algorithm based on SR can reach-181 d BW sensitivity with a very short data length of 1 ms.

Ultra-wideband signal acquisition by use of channelinterleaved photonic analog-to-digital converter under the assistance of dilated fully convolutional network

We demonstrate a photonic architecture to enable the separation of ultra-wideband signals.The architecture consists of a channel-interleaved photonic analog-to-digital converter(PADC)and a dilated fully convolutional network(DFCN).The aim of the PADC is to perform ultra-wideband signal acquisition,which introduces the mixing of signals between different frequency bands.To alleviate the interference among wideband signals,the DFCN is applied to reconstruct the waveform of the target signal from the ultra-wideband mixed signals in the time domain.The channel-interleaved PADC provides a wide spectrum reception capability.Relying on the DFCN reconstruction algorithm,the ultra-wideband signals,which are originally mixed up,are effectively separated.Additionally,experimental results show that the DFCN reconstruction algorithm improves the average bit error rate by nearly three orders of magnitude compared with that without the algorithm.

High Sensitivity Acquisition Algorithm for DSSS Signal with Data Modulation

In direct sequence spread spectrum communication both for satelliteto-ground and inter-satellite links, the system constrains due to radio frequency spectral occupation, channel data throughput and link performances in terms of data channel coding which might result in a signal structure where the symbol duration is shorter than the pseudo code period. This can generate some difficulties in the DSSS signal acquisition due to the polarity inversion caused by the data modulation. To eliminate the influence due to polarity inversion, this paper proposes a novel acquisition algorithm based on the simultaneous search of the code phase, data phase and Doppler frequency. In the proposed algorithm the data phase is predicted and the correlation period for the coherent integration can be set equal to the symbol duration. Then non-coherent accumulation over different symbol is implemented in order to enhance the acquisition algorithm sensitivity; the interval of non-coherent accumulation is the least common multiple between the symbol duration and the pseudo code period. The algorithm proposed can largely minimize the SNR loss caused by data polarity inversion and enhance acquisition performance without a noticeable increase in hardware complexity. Theoretical analysis, simulation and measured results verify the validity of the algorithm.

Signal acquisition of Luojia-1A low earth orbit navigation augmentation system with software defined receiver

Low Earth Orbit(LEO)satellite navigation signal can be used as an opportunity signal in the case of a Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)outage,or as an enhancement by means of traditional GNSS positioning algorithms.No matter which service mode is used,signal acquisition is a prerequisite for providing enhanced LEO navigation services.Compared with the medium orbit satellite,the transit time of the LEO satellite is shorter.Thus,it is of great significance to expand the successful acquisition time range of the LEO signal.Previous studies on LEO signal acquisition are based on simulation data.However,signal acquisition research based on real data is crucial.In this work,the signal characteristics of LEO satellites:power space density in free space and the Doppler shift of LEO satellites are individually studied.The unified symbolic definitions of several integration algorithms based on the parallel search signal acquisition algorithm are given.To verify these algorithms for LEO signal acquisition,a Software Defined Receiver(SDR)is developed.The performance of these integration algorithms on expanding the successful acquisition time range is verified by the real data collected from the Luojia-1A satellite.The experimental results show that the integration strategy can expand the successful acquisition time range,and it will not expand indefinitely with the integration duration.The performance of the coherent integration and differential integration algorithms is better than the other two integration algorithms,so the two algorithms are recommended for LEO signal acquisition and a 20 ms integration duration is preferred.The detection threshold of 2.5 is not suitable for all integration algorithms and various integration durations,especially for the Maximum-to-Mean Ratio indicator.

Algorithm of sky-ground-wave signal separation in CDMA system

To solve the problem of the sky-wave interference in radio positioning system operating in CDMA mode, an algorithm of sky-ground-wave separation is provided. Based on the MLE （maximum likelihood estimate）, and by estimating the amplitude and the phase of the sky-wave signal, the provided algorithm for separating skyground-wave is implemented. The mathematics model used for signal processing is established, and the possible solutions are provided. The structure and signal processing flow implementing the presented algorithm in the receiver are presented. A multi-channels signal searching idea is adopted, some of which process the sky-wave signal, and some of which process the ground-wave signal. Numerical analysis and simulation show that the proposed algorithm has higher accuracy, more rapid processing speed, and simpler implementation for the estimation of the sky-wave signal parameter, and can separate the sky-wave signal and ground-wave signal from the arrival combination signal effectively.

Continuous-Wave Interference Mitigation for Acquisition Method in Unified Carrier TT&C Systems

An interference mitigation for acquisition method,based on both energy center and spectrum symmetry detection,has been proposed as a possible solution to the problem of signal acquisition susceptibility to continuous-wave interference(CWI)in unified carrier telemetry,tracking,and command(TT&C)systems.With subcarrier modulation index as a priori condition,the existence of CWI is determined by comparing the energy center with the symmetric center.In the presence of interference,the interference frequency point is assumed and culled;sequentially,the spectral symmetry is used to verify whether the signal acquisition is realized.Theoretical analysis,simulations,and experimental results demonstrate that the method can realize the acquisition of the main carrier target signal with an interference-to-signal ratio of 31 dB,which represents an improvement over the existing continuous-wave interference mitigation for acquisition methods.

Improved Circular Correlation Methods for Acquisition in Software GPS Receiver

In this paper the authors explore the Global Positioning System （GPS） signal acquisition and tracking algorithms used in software GPS receiver. Acquisition time is the most important parameter in evaluating the performance of a software GPS receiver in terms of its speed. A trade-off study is done to seek a good balance between the acquisition accuracy and the processing time. The frequency-domain acquisition method by circular correlation, used in a software GPS receiver, has been improved by studying the power spectrum of the Coarse Acquisition （C/A） code alone. The analysis of C/A code reveals that its power spectrum is symmetrical; hence only half the points are required to perform circular correlation. Besides, either half of the spectrum is asymmetrical where a larger amount of power is concentrated in almost one-quarter of the spectrum on its either sides. This further reduces the number of points used to perform correlation. Comparative results of MATLAB simulation of full-size, half-size and quarter-size circular correlation done on actual data stored on hard disk are provided, and they agree with those obtained using GPS receiver. Further reduction in acquisition time has been achieved by investigating the effect of length of the noncoherent pre-integration period. The improved acquisition methods pave way for further development of new algorithms to enhance software GPS receiver performance.

The integrated monitoring system for running parameters of key mining equipment based on condition monitoring technology

An integrated monitoring system for running parameters of key mining equipmenton the basis of condition monitoring technology and modern communication networktechnology was developed.The system consists of a client computer with functions ofsignal acquisition and processing, and a host computer in the central control room.Thesignal acquisition module of the client computer can collect the running parameters fromvarious monitoring terminals in real-time.The DSP high-speed data processing system ofthe main control module can quickly achieve the numerical calculation for the collectedsignal.The signal modulation and signal demodulation are completed by the frequencyshift keying circuit and phase-locked loop frequency circuit, respectively.Finally, the signalis sent to the host computer for logic estimation and diagnostic analysis using the networkcommunication technology, which is helpful for technicians and managers to control therunning state of equipment.

Research on performance testing of radio fuse based on virtual separation technology

The conception of virtual separation technology about high low frequency of electronic module was put forward based on the analysis of tactical performance testing of radio fuse.By means of the principle of fuse Doppler signal acquisition and injection,the high low frequency of electronic module was virtually separated,and one of important parameters—burst height of radio fuse is tested precisely.

Design of EPS Testing System Based on LabVIEW2012

The article designed a set of automatic test system of automobiles EPS based on LabVIEW, which can collect current signal and torque signal when emergency braking. It consists of two parts： hardware and software. Hardware includes sensors,condition circuits, data acquisition card and your computer. Software-related programs, including an analysis of acquisition signal processing and storage display.The system is stable and reliable by contrast verification.

The Practical Design Aspects of Anti-aliasing Filters for the Multirate Analog-to-digital Processing in Microcontroller Embedded System

Due to the widespread computer technology, it is difficult to imagine a research or a control of any physical object without using a powerful hardware and software applications. To use digital technologies we need to collect data of a real world in digital system by the analog-to-digital converters. Taking into account the relative high computational capabilities of modern microcontrollers the article proposes a multirate processing system. The paper presents practical design aspects of the analog and digital anti-aliasing filter fbr the measurement path. having regarded the real possibilities and limitations of today＇s filters and analog-to-digital embedded converters.

A block zero-padding method based on DCFT for L1 parameter estimations in weak signal and high dynamic environments

Weak L1 signal acquisition in a high dynamic environment primarily faces a challenge： the integration peak is neg- atively influenced by the possible bit sign reversal every 20 ms and the frequency error. The block accumulating semi-coherent integration of correlations （BASIC） is a state-of-the-art method, but calculating the inter-block conjugate products restricts BASIC in a low signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） acquisition. We propose a block zero-padding method based on a discrete chirp-Fourier transform （DCFT） for parameter estimations in weak signal and high dynamic environments. Compared with the conventional receiver architecture that uses closed-loop acquisition and tracking, it is more suitable for open-loop acquisition. The proposed method combines DCFT and block zero-padding. In this way, the post-correlation signal is coherently post-integrated with the bit sequence stripped off, and the high dynamic parameters are precisely estimated using the threshold set based on a false alarm probability. In addition, the detection performance of the proposed method is analyzed. Simulation results show that compared with the BASIC method, the proposed method can precisely detect the high dynamic parameters in lower SNR when the length of the received signal is fixed.

An introduction and review on innovative silicon implementations of implantable/scalp EEG chips for data acquisition, seizure/behavior detection, and brain stimulation

Technological advances in the semiconductor industry and the increasing demand and development of wearable medical systems have enabled the development of dedicated chips for complex electroencephalogram(EEG)signal processing with smart functions and artificial intelligence-based detections/classifications.Around 10 million transistors are integrated into a 1 mm2 silicon wafer surface in the dedicated chip,making wearable EEG systems a powerful dedicated processor instead of a wireless raw data transceiver.The reduction of amplifiers and analog-digital converters on the silicon surface makes it possible to place the analog front-end circuits within a tiny packaged chip;therefore,enabling high-count EEG acquisition channels.This article introduces and reviews the state-of-the-art dedicated chip designs for EEG processing,particularly for wearable systems.Furthermore,the analog circuits and digital platforms are included,and the technical details of circuit topology and logic architecture are presented in detail.

A type of collective detection scheme with improved pigeon-inspired optimization

Purpose-With increasing demand of localization service in challenging environments where Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)signalsare considerably weak,a powerful approach,the collective detection(CD),has been developed.However,traditional CD techniques are computationally intense due to the large clock bias search space.Therefore,the purpose of this paper is to develop a new scheme of CD with less computational burden,in order to accelerate the detection and location process.Design/methodology/approach-This paper proposes a new scheme of CD.It reformulates the problem ofGNSS signal detection as an optimization problem,and solves it with the aid of an improved Pigeon-Inspired Optimization(PIO).With the improved PIO algorithm adopted,the positioning algorithm arrives to evaluate only a part of the points in the search space,avoiding the problems of grid-search method which is universally adopted.Findings-Faced with the complex optimization problem,the improved PIO algorithm proves to have good performance.In the acquisition of simulated and real signals,the proposed scheme of CD with the improved PIO algorithm also have better efficiency,precision and stability than traditional CD algorithm.Besides,the improved PIO algorithm also proves to be a better candidate to be integrated into the proposed scheme than particle swarm optimization,differential evolution and PIO.Originality/value-The novelty associated with this paper is the proposition of the new scheme of CD and the improvement of PIO algorithm.Thus,this paper introduces another possibility to ameliorate the traditional CD.

Highly Sensitive and Portable Gas Sensing System Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide

Graphene has been widely used in gas-sensing applications due to its large specific surface area and strong adsorption ability. Among different forms of graphene used as gas-sensing materials, reduced graphene oxide is one of the most convenient and economical materials to integrate with Si-based electronics, which is very important to graphene-based gas sensors. In addition, the stacking structure of graphene oxide flakes facilitates absorption and detection of gas molecules. Based on reduced graphene oxide, a highly sensitive and portable gas-sensing system was demonstrated here. Solution-based graphene oxide was cast on a chip like a TF memory card and then reduced thermally. A signal acquisition system was designed to monitor resistance variation as a sign of gas concentration. This miniature graphene-based gas sensor array demonstrates a new path for the use of graphene in gas-detection technologies. And the creation of a sensitive and portable graphene gas sensor also shows great potential in fields such as medicine and environmental science.