ROS-hormone interaction in regulating integrative défense signaling of plant cell

The elaborate redox network of the cell,comprising of events like turnover of reactive oxygen species(ROS),redox sensing,signaling,expression of redox-sensitive genes,etc.,often orchestrates with other bonafide hormonal signaling pathways through their synergistic or antagonistic action in the plant cell.The redox cue generated in plant cells under fluctuating environmental conditions can significantly influence other hormonal biosynthetic or signaling mechanisms,thereby modulating physiology towards stress acclimation and defense.There is also strong evidence of the recruitment of ROS as a‘second messenger’in different hormonal signaling pathways under stress.Moreover,the retrograde signaling initiated by ROS also found to strongly influence hormonal homeostasis and signaling.The present review,in this aspect,is an effort towards understanding the regulatory roles of ROS in integrating and orchestrating other hormonal signaling pathways or vice versa so as to unfold the relationship between these two signaling episodes of plant cells under environmental odds.We also accentuate the significance of understanding the utterly complex interactions,which occur both at metabolic and genetic levels between ROS and phytohormones during stress combinations.Furthermore,the significant and decisive role of ROS turnover,particularly the contribution of RBOH(respiratory burst oxidase homologs)in the synergism of redox and hormone signaling during systemic acquired acclimation under stress is also discussed.

Quick System-Level DDR3 Signal Integrity Simulation Research

Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory （DDR3） has become one of the most mainstream applications in current server and computer systems. In order to quickly set up a system-level signal integrity （SI） simulation flow for the DDR3 interface, two system-level SI simulation methodologies, which are board-level S-parameter extraction in the frequency-domain and system-level simulation assumptions in the time domain, are introduced in this paper. By comparing the flow of Speed2000 and PowerSI/Hspice, PowerSI is chosen for the printed circuit board （PCB） board-level S-parameter extraction, while Tektronix oscilloscope （TDS7404） is used for the DDR3 waveform measurement. The lab measurement shows good agreement between simulation and measurement. The study shows that the combination of PowerSI and Hspice is recommended for quick system-level DDR3 SI simulation.

Signal and Power Integrity Challenges for High Density System-on-Package

As the increasing desire for more compact,portable devices outpaces Moore’s law,innovation in packaging and system design has played a significant role in the continued miniaturization of electronic systems.Integrating more active and passive components into the package itself,as the case for system-on-package(SoP),has shown very promising results in overall size reduction and increased performance of electronic systems.With this ability to shrink electrical systems comes the many challenges of sustaining,let alone improving,reliability and performance.The fundamental signal,power,and thermal integrity issues are discussed in detail,along with published techniques from around the industry to mitigate these issues in SoP applications.

Novel non-coherent integration method using binary phase-coded radar signal

The m series with 511 bits is taken as an example being applied in non-coherent integra- tion algorithm. A method to choose the bi-phase code is presented, which is 15 kinds of codes are picked out of 511 kinds of m series to do non-coherent integration. It is indicated that the power in- creasing times of larger target sidelobe is less than the power increasing times of smaller target main- lobe because of the larger target＇ s pseudo-randomness. Smaller target is integrated from larger tar- get sidelobe, which strengthens the detection capability of radar for smaller targets. According to the sidelobes distributing characteristic, a method is presented in this paper to remove the estimated sidelobes mean value for signal detection after non-coherent integration. Simulation results present that the SNR of small target can be improved approximately 6. 5 dB by the proposed method.

Reduction of signal reflection along through silicon via channel in high-speed three-dimensional integration circuit

The through silicon via （TSV） technology has proven to be the critical enabler to realize a three-dimensional （3D） gigscale system with higher performance but shorter interconnect length. However, the received digital signal after trans- mission through a TSV channel, composed of redistribution layers （RDLs）, TSVs, and bumps, is degraded at a high data-rate due to the non-idealities of the channel. We propose the Chebyshev multisection transformers to reduce the signal reflec- tion of TSV channel when operating frequency goes up to 20 GHz, by which signal reflection coefficient （$11） and signal transmission coefficient （$21） are improved remarkably by 150% and 73.3%, respectively. Both the time delay and power dissipation are also reduced by 4% and 13.3%, respectively. The resistance-inductance-conductance-capacitance （RLGC） elements of the TSV channel are iterated from scattering （S）-parameters, and the proposed method of weakening the signal reflection is verified using high frequency simulator structure （HFSS） simulation software by Ansoft.

Study on key technologies of GNSS-based train state perception for traincentric railway signaling

The application of Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSSs)in the intelligent railway systems is rapidly developing all over the world.With the GNSs-based train positioning and moving state perception,the autonomy and flexibility of a novel train control system can be greatly enhanced over the existing solutions relying on the track-side facilities.Considering the safety critical features of the railway signaling applications,the GNSS stand-alone mode may not be sufficient to satisfy the practical requirements.In this paper,the key technologies for applying GNSS in novel train-centric railway signaling systems are investigated,including the multi-sensor data fusion,Virtual Balise(VB)capturing and messaging,train integrity monitoring and system performance evaluation.According to the practical characteristics of the novel train control system under the moving block mode,the details of the key technologies are introduced.Field demonstration results of a novel train control system using the presented technologies under the practical railway operation conditions are presented to illustrate the achievable performance feature of autonomous train state perception using BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)and related solutions.It reveals the great potentials of these key technologies in the next generation train control system and other GNSS-based railway implementations.

Long term integration of radar signals with unknown Doppler shift for ubiquitous radar

Ubiquitous radar is a new radar system that provides continuous and uninterrupted multifunction capability within a coverage volume. Continuous coverage from close-in ＂pop-up＂ targets in clutter to long-range targets impacts selection of waveform parameters. The coherent processing interval （CPI） must be long enough to achieve a certain signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） that ensures the efficiency of detection. The condition of detection in the case of low SNR is analyzed, and three different cases that would occur during integration are discussed and a method to determine the CPI is presented. The simulation results show that targets detection with SNR as low as -26 dB in the experimental system can possibly determine the CPI.

Study of CMOS integrated signal processing circuit in capacitive sensors

A CMOS integrated signal processing circuit based on capacitance resonance principle whose structure is simple in capacitive sensors is designed. The waveform of output voltage is improved by choosing bootstrap reference current mirror with initiate circuit, CMOS analogy switch and positive feedback of double-stage inverter in the circuit. Output voltage of this circuit is a symmetric square wave signal. The variation of sensitive capacitance, which is part of the capacitive sensors, can be denoted by the change of output voltage’s frequency. The whole circuit is designed with 1.5 μm P-well CMOS process and simulated by PSpice software. Output frequency varies from 261.05 kHz to 47.93 kHz if capacitance varies in the range of 1PF～15PF. And the variation of frequency can be easily detected using counter or SCU.

基于SiP技术的信号处理通道设计

随着军用无人机等航电系统不断朝着小型化、智能化、综合化的方向发展,如何有效满足装备的低SWaP(Size,Weight and Power)要求成为一大难题。介绍了某型宽带综合化数字预处理模块的研制,利用“裸芯片+高密度基板”系统级封装(SiP)的方式对信号处理平台(DSP、FPGA、SerDes和DDR芯片)进行集成,替代目前业界普遍采用的“封装芯片+印制板+平面集成”的传统方式,实现宽带综合化数字信号处理模块的高密度集成。在主要性能指标(可编程逻辑资源、定点处理能力、浮点处理能力、数据传输速率)不变的情况下,使得信号处理模块的面积降低为45 mm×45 mm,重量降低到103 g。

Software/Hardware Integrating Model of Embedded Reconfigurable Computing System for Digital Signal Processing

The system model of embedded reconfigurable computing system is discussed firstly,followed by the construction of the software and hardware platform.Based on the platform,the function unit and control models of digital signal processing tasks are described.According the functional unit model and control model,a software/hardware integrating model with dataflow control infrastructure is constructed.The software/hardware partition is carried out in the experiments of ultrasonic signal processing,and the results show that the system model is practicable.

同步语言Signal在综合航电系统建模仿真中的应用

为了辅助航空电子系统进行综合设计,提出了用Signal语言对新一代综合航电系统进行建模仿真和性能评估的方法。Signal语言是一种同步语言,它通过时钟推理机制来反映复杂系统的确定性、安全性、有界性等问题,能够直观地表示系统元素之间的约束关系及特性,通过构造同步实时评估模型来反映系统的实时性。基于ARINC653标准,对新一代模块化综合航电系统进行了建模仿真。

基于数字化设计仿真的射频干扰抵消SiP设计

随着无线电子系统朝着阵列化、微系统化、高频化等方向发展,系统调试难、失效、故障难以排除等问题逐渐凸显,基于“经验设计+后续调试”的传统设计方法已难以满足实际需求。基于机、电、热、磁等多学科数字化协同设计仿真能够对各设计阶段进行指导与验证,在提高设计效率的同时保证产品的性能指标,是微系统的主流设计方法。基于此,文中以射频干扰抵消SiP为例,详细介绍电、磁、热协同设计仿真的整个设计流程。实验表明,所提设计达到了预期目标,可为从事硬件电路设计者提供指导与参考。

Heterogeneous integration of GaAs pHEMT and Si CMOS on the same chip

In this work,we demonstrate the technology of wafer-scale transistor-level heterogeneous integration of Ga As pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors（p HEMTs） and Si complementary metal–oxide semiconductor（CMOS） on the same Silicon substrate.Ga As p HEMTs are vertical stacked at the top of the Si CMOS wafer using a wafer bonding technique,and the best alignment accuracy of 5 μm is obtained.As a circuit example,a wide band Ga As digital controlled switch is fabricated,which features the technologies of a digital control circuit in Si CMOS and a switch circuit in Ga As p HEMT,15% smaller than the area of normal Ga As and Si CMOS circuits.

Improvement of Boxcar Integrator and Its Application to Low Resistance Measurement of Inductive Load Coil

A boxcar integrator is described which is suitable for the low-repetition-rate signal processing. This boxcar integrator, named fixed-interval mode boxcar integrator, is able to reject harmonics other than the first harmonic component. It can also decrease the effective time constant In many situations, the antialiasing filter with narrow bandwidth will cause distortion of the input signal. The fixed-interval mode boxcar integrator with suitable gate width can achieve relative high performance without signal distortion because the bandwidth of its antialiasing filter can be wider than that in the fixed-Point boxcar integrator. ms boxcar integrator is used as majn part of signalprocessing circult in the low resisance measurement of inductive load coil. The results of experiments show that the fixed-interval boxcar integrator is suitable for low-repetition-rate use.

低成本Si基GaN微电子学的新进展(续)

进入21世纪后,宽禁带半导体GaN微电子学发展迅速,SiC基GaN微电子学已成为微波电子学的发展主流,且正在向更高频率和更高功率密度的新一代GaN微波功率器件发展。为了降低成本,Si基GaN微电子学应运而生,在5G通信、电动汽车等绿色能源应用发展的带动下,Si基GaN微电子学已进入产业化快速发展阶段。介绍了Si基GaN微电子学在射频Si基GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)新器件结构、工艺与可靠性,Si基GaN HEMT单片微波集成电路(MMIC),Si基E模功率GaN HEMT结构设计,大尺寸Si基GaN HEMT工艺,Si基GaN功率开关器件的可靠性,Si基GaN功率变换器的单片集成和高频开关Si基GaN器件的应用创新等工程化、产业化方面的最新技术进展。分析和评价了低成本Si基GaN微电子学工程化和产业化的发展态势。

低成本Si基GaN微电子学的新进展

进入21世纪后,宽禁带半导体GaN微电子学发展迅速,SiC基GaN微电子学已成为微波电子学的发展主流,且正在向更高频率和更高功率密度的新一代GaN微波功率器件发展。为了降低成本,Si基GaN微电子学应运而生,在5G通信、电动汽车等绿色能源应用发展的带动下,Si基GaN微电子学已进入产业化快速发展阶段。介绍了Si基GaN微电子学在射频Si基GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)新器件结构、工艺与可靠性,Si基GaN HEMT单片微波集成电路(MMIC),Si基E模功率GaN HEMT结构设计,大尺寸Si基GaN HEMT工艺,Si基GaN功率开关器件的可靠性,Si基GaN功率变换器的单片集成和高频开关Si基GaN器件的应用创新等工程化、产业化方面的最新技术进展。分析和评价了低成本Si基GaN微电子学工程化和产业化的发展态势。

Pretreatment with intestinal trefoil factor alleviates stress-induced gastric mucosal damage via Akt signaling

BACKGROUND Stress-related gastric mucosal damage or ulcer remains an unsolved issue for critically ill patients.Stress ulcer prophylaxis has been part of routine intensive care,but uncertainty and controversy still exist.Co-secreted with mucins,intestinal trefoil factor(ITF)is reported to promote restitution and regeneration of intestinal mucosal epithelium,although the mechanism remains unknown.AIM To elucidate the protective effects of ITF on gastric mucosa and explore the possible mechanisms.METHODS We used a rat model of gastric mucosal damage induced by water immersion restraint stress and lipopolysaccharide-treated human gastric epithelial cell line to investigate the potential effects of ITF on damaged gastric mucosa both in vivo and in vitro.RESULTS ITF promoted the proliferation and migration and inhibited necrosis of gastric mucosal epithelia in vitro.It also preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa by upregulating expressions of occludin and zonula occludens-1.In the rat model,pretreatment with ITF ameliorated the gastric mucosal epithelial damage and facilitated mucosal repair.The protective effects of ITF were confirmed to be exerted via activation of Akt signaling,and the specific inhibitor of Akt signaling LY249002 reversed the protective effects.CONCLUSION ITF might be a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of stressinduced gastric mucosal damage,and further studies should be undertaken to verify its clinical feasibility.

THE NATURE AND SOURCE OF ESR SIGNAL IN BILIRUBIN

The ESR signals of bilirubin-IXα were studied including the samples treated with free radical generating and inhibiting systems,i.e.X-X0., Fe/EDTA,SOD,mannitol/ascorbate,DTPA,KCN et al.These stable signals all comprise those originated from a semiquinone radical(g=2.0012)and superoxide radical(g_=2.041,g_=2.0040).The latter is shown to be bound with metal ions especially iron,chelated by bilirubin.The iron probably comes from bilirubin precursor——hemootobin.Active oxygen free radical scavengers may destroy these radicals.Kinetic curves of regeneration of the bilirubin radicals have been determined.Bilirubin is discussed as'active oxygen trap'in mammatians.

An advanced Ⅲ-Ⅴ-on-silicon photonic integration platform

In many application scenarios,silicon(Si)photonics favors the integration of Ⅲ-Ⅴ gain material onto Si substrate to real-ize the on-chip light source.In addition to the current popular integration approaches of Ⅲ-Ⅴ-on-Si wafer bonding or dir-ect heteroepitaxial growth,a newly emerged promising solution of epitaxial regrowth on bonded substrate has attracted a lot of interests.High-quality Ⅲ-Ⅴ material realization and successful laser demonstrations show its great potential to be a promising integration platform for low-cost,high-integration density and highly scalable active-passive photonic integra-tion on Si.This paper reviews recent research work on this regrowth on bonded template platform including template de-velopments,regrown material characterizations and laser demonstrations.The potential advantages,opportunities and challenges of this approach are discussed.

Development of HL-2M data integration and acquisition system for magnetic diagnostics

Magnetic measurement and diagnostics are critical for the operation of magnetic confinement experimental facilities and plasma analysis, while differential signals are mostly detected by a detector. For this, we have developed and designed a stable and reliable data integration system for HL-2M magnetic measurement and magnetic diagnostics. The system will be used for realtime control of HL-2M after the construction of HL-2M is completed. The system is built based on the PXI platform, and the software system is based on the LABVIEW platform. Key technologies realized by the system primarily include drift compensation, pulse data acquisition technology, multi-threading processing technology and transmission control communication protocol. Trials of the system were successfully carried out on HL-2A, and the results showed that the system could fully meet the construction needs of HL-2M.