Signal-to-noise ratio of lensless ghost interference with thermal incoherent light

Factors influencing the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of lensless ghost interference with thermal incoherent light are investigated. Our result shows that the SNR of lensless ghost interference is related to the transverse length of the object, the position of the object in the imaging system and the transverse size of the light source. Furthermore, the effects of these factors on the SNR are discussed in detail by numerical simulations.

New Technique for Estimating and Suppressing Narrowband Interference in DSSS Systems

A generalized approach for narrowband interference （NBI） suppression in direct sequence spread spectrum （DSSS） communication systems using adaptive infinite impulse response （IIR） filter is presented. The excision filter coefficients depend on both the jammer power and its instantaneous frequency. The dependency of the filter construction on the jammer power is significant as it allows optimal tradeoff between interference removal and signal distortion by maximizing the receiver signal to noise ratio improvement（SNRI）. Instead of traditional adaptive line enhancer （ALE） estimator, a preferable NBI estimator-Fourier interpolation estimator （FIE） is proposed. Closed-form expressions of the SNR improvement and theoretical bit error rate （BER） based on the assumption that the output of the correlator is Gaussian distributed are both derived. Performance results obtained by numerical simulation are also presented and compared with theoretical results.

Interference and Spectral Efficiency Analysis in Two-hop Cellular Network with Fixed Relays in FDD Mode

This paper presented a scheme of two-hop cellular network with fixed relay nodes (FRN). Based on this scheme, co-channel interference and signal interference ratio(SIR) received by base station(BS) and FRN were analyzed. Both the theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the SIR can be improved significantly when relays are employed in the network. The higher spectral efficiency can be obtained due to the improved two-hop link quality through the use of adaptive modulation and coding (AMC). The antenna height of FRN and the cell radius of BS and that of FRN influence SIR received by BS and FRN and the system spectral efficiency greatly. The proper antenna height of FRN and cell radius of BS and that of FRN were also given to get the highest spectral efficiency.

Interference Mitigation Techniques Using Receiver Processing and Resource Allocation

Heterogeneous network consists of the pico cells overlaid over the macro cell coverage area in a wireless cellular network. The pico cells are deployed to increase the capacity of the homogeneous network by reusing the spectrum further. However, more users will tend to be associated to the macro cell due to the fact that the transmit power of the pico cell is low. In order to increase the number of users associated to the pico cell, range extension techniques like biased association are used. This will cause severe interference to cell edge users of the pico cell from the macro cell causing degradation in throughput performance in the cell range extension area. In this paper, interference mitigation using receiver processing along with different scheduling techniques is proposed to improve the throughput, average delay, and the packet delivery ratio performance of the system. The performance comparison of the round robin, proportional fair and modified largest weighted delay first (MLWDF) algorithm for resource allocation using interference suppressing receiver is done, and analyzed. It is shown that the MLWDF algorithm achieves the highest throughput with minimum average delay of packets with the best delivery ratio.

Multi-Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation Using Multiple Adaptive IIR Notch Filter with Lattice Structure

Radio Frequency Interferences (RFI), such as strong Continuous Wave Interferences (CWI), can influence the Quality of Service (QoS) of communications, increasing the Bit Error Rate (BER) and decreasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) in any wireless transmission, including in a Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-S2) receiver. Therefore, this paper presents an algorithm for detecting and mitigating a Multi-tone Continuous Wave Interference (MCWI) using a Multiple Adaptive Notch Filter (MANF), based on the lattice form structure. The Adaptive Notch Filter (ANF) is constructed using the second-order IIR NF. The approach consists in developing a robust low-complexity algorithm for removing unknown MCWI. The MANF model is a multistage model, with each stage consisting of two ANFs: the adaptive IIR notch filter Hl(z) and the adaptive IIR notch filter HN(z), which can detect and mitigate CWI. In this model, the ANF is used for estimating the Jamming-to-Signal Ratio (JSR) and the frequency of the interference (w(0)) by using an LMS-based algorithm. The depth of the notch is then adjusted based on the estimation of the JSR. In contrast, the ANF HN(z) is used to mitigate the CW interference. Simulation results show that the proposed ANF is an effective method for eliminating/reducing the effects of MCWI, and yields better system performance than full suppression (kN=1) for low JSR values, and mostly the same performance for high JSR values. Moreover, the proposed can detect low and high JSR and track hopping frequency interference and provides better Bit error ratio (BER) performance compared to the case without an IIR notch filter.

Adaptive cancellation of Es layer interference using auxiliary horizontal antennas

Based on a dual-polarization high-frequency wave radar system, an adaptive system using horizontal antennas for the suppression of the Es layer interference （ELI） is deseribech The data received from the horizontal antennas were correlated with the data received from the Vertically Polarized Antennas （VPAs） to estimate and cancel the interference adaptively in the VPAs. Suppressing the interference after each coherent integration time interval, about 25 dB signal-to-interference ratio is expected with the experimentally derived data.

Interference Mitigation MAC Protocol for Cognitive Radio Networks

The growing demand for wireless services coupled with the limited availability of suitable electromagnetic spectrum is increasing the need for more efficient RF spectrum utilization. Spectrum allocated to TV operators can potentially be shared by wireless data services, either when the primary service is switched off or by exploiting spatial reuse opportunities. This paper describes a dynamic spectrum access scheme for use in the TV bands which uses cognitive radio techniques to determine the spectrum availability. The approach allows secondary users (SU) to operate in the presence of the primary users (PU) and the OPNET simulation and modelling software has been used to model the performance of the scheme. An analysis of the results shows that the proposed scheme protects the primary users from harmful interference from the secondary users. In comparison with the 802.11 MAC protocol, the scheme improves spectrum utilization by about 27% while limiting the interference imposed on the primary receiver.

智能反射面阵元互耦与共存干扰研究

智能反射面(Intelligent Reflecting Surface,IRS)是由大量无源反射元件呈阵列排列构成的智能超表面,其阵元间距是相位控制的关键技术参数,在小于半波长时存在不可忽略的互耦效应。本文针对多网运营的应用环境,考虑IRS反射阵元之间存在相互耦合的情况,研究系统间共存干扰与阵元间距、工作频段、物理位置的关联关系。针对发射机、接收机和IRS之间自阻抗和互阻抗的建模需求,将互耦效应进行量化转换,以阻抗的形式将其数据化,结合阵元反射增益和相位参数的作用因素,建立了远场条件下基于阻抗电路的共存干扰传播模型。针对IRS接收,由发射天线电流与IRS互阻抗的乘积得到再辐射矩阵;针对IRS反射,由IRS负载电流与接收天线互阻抗的乘积得到接收端负载电压。应用阵元等效阻抗法,通过等效阻抗的可重构性,最大化有用信号的接收功率,推导得到信干比(Signal to Interference Ratio,SIR)的计算表达式。进一步分析了共存系统的工作频段、IRS反射单元间隔、IRS的反射阵元数量、IRS与非目标收发机之间距离等因素对共存干扰产生的影响。数值仿真表明互耦偏差随阵元间距减小而增大,半波长的偏差为28%;不同载频系统的SIR表明,共存干扰的互耦效应显著且不可忽略,高频系统对低频系统产生的共存干扰对信号传输质量影响更为显著。

一种基于改进NLMS的多雷达主瓣干扰抑制方法

远程探测场景下弹载主瓣干扰因与目标角度间隔小,单站抗干扰方法性能下降严重。多雷达通过合理布站可有效“分辨”目标和干扰,被认为是可有效抑制主瓣干扰的途径。针对当前多雷达抗主瓣干扰方法普遍存在收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种基于改进归一化最小均方(NLMS)的多雷达对消抗主瓣干扰方法,并通过理论推导给出了其应用条件。该方法通过定义消散因子实现对步长的自适应控制从而达到快速收敛的目的,仿真结果表明该方法在收敛速度及收敛后均方误差(MSE)上具有明显优势。最后通过外场试验进一步验证该方法的性能,在满足布站条件且干噪比≥30 dB的前提下,信噪比改善可达19 dB以上,具有较高的应用价值。

一种适用于卫星通信的自适应窄带干扰抑制方法

针对卫星通信系统中的抗干扰问题,提出一种能够根据干扰变化自适应调整策略的干扰抑制方法。该方法通过子带分割、按功率排序、依次陷波等方式进行陷波,然后对比陷波前后信号信噪比的增益,从而确定信噪比增益最大时所对应的子带陷波个数,最终得到信噪比增益最高也即性能最优的陷波方式。该方法不需要预先进行干扰检测,也不需要寻找和设置门限阈值,就可以对多种类型干扰进行自适应陷波,从而达到有效抑制包含单音、窄带、梳状或部分频带等不同干扰的目的,能够显著改善链路的通信性能,提高通信系统的抗干扰能力。

重型外源机械干扰噪声分离技术及应用

近年来地震勘探野外采集工区范围内覆盖了越来越多的各种大中型厂矿,给野外采集地震记录造成了十分严重的外源重型机械干扰,严重降低了原始资料信噪比。常规基于去噪思路的压制方法要么去噪力度不足,要么容易伤害有效信号,难以适应重型机械干扰的情况。将重型机械干扰视作正常单炮的交涉混叠单炮,将去噪问题转化为数据分离问题,采用以广义曲波变换和同步压缩变换为核心的稀疏反演数据分离技术对有效信号和机械干扰进行精准分离和去噪。数值模拟及龙门山前带YC工区实际资料应用表明,稀疏反演方法较常规去噪对重型机械干扰压制效果较好,能够有效提高单炮信噪比,改善成像质量。

一种基于SIR的DS-CDMA系统闭环功率控制算法

针对采用专用控制信道的DS-CDMA系统的上行链路，本文直接利用控制信道的导频符号进行SIR测量的闭环功率控制，并通过计算机仿真对链路的性能进行分析。仿真结果表明，由于编码交织及功率控制的共同作用，在链路达到一定误码率时，所需的信噪比随着信道衰落的增加而增加缓慢；最佳的功率控制步长取决于信道衰落速率；功率控制命令的传输错误概率在小于10-1时对链路性能影响较小。

基于卷积神经网络的光信噪比监测方法

光信噪比(OSNR)与光纤通信的传输性能息息相关,因此,OSNR监测是光性能监测技术中至关重要的一环,同时,传输链路中的色散会导致光信号脉冲展宽,使OSNR监测准确性下降。针对这一问题,设计了一种卷积神经网络模型,以异步延迟采样图(ADTP)作为网络输入特征,引入实例批量标准化模块,继承了神经网络不同深度下特征发散分布的优点,提高了神经网络对色散变化的适应性。实验结果表明,在10 Gb/s NRZ-OOK信号无色散干扰监测场景下,该模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)为0.2 dB,在色散变化的场景下,MAE最高降低了0.61 dB。

基于分式二次规划的互模糊函数赋形方法

在开展认知雷达波形设计时,由于发射波形与接收滤波器的非匹配体制,互模糊函数赋形相比传统模糊函数赋形优化自由度更高。该文针对强杂波条件下微弱运动目标检测问题,以最大化信干噪比为优化准则,提出了一种联合发射相位编码序列与接收滤波器设计的互模糊函数赋形方法。在恒模约束下,优化问题被建模为二次分式规划形式;然后通过引入辅助变量,并利用共轭梯度法求解Stiefel流形空间上的最小化问题,非凸优化据此转化为恒模约束二次优化问题;通过交替循环和类幂迭代算法求得最优解。此外考虑到发射波形受硬件限制而难以实现严格恒模,该文构建了一种低峰均比约束二次优化问题模型,并利用最近邻向量法求得最优解。最后,不同参数下的仿真与实测数据实验表明,该文赋形方法相较于传统方法具有较高的信干噪比增益和收敛速度。

Array (Smart) Antennas Improve GSM Performance

As wireless data applications over cellular networks become more widespread, the pressure to increase capacity will become even more intense. Capacity in the 800 and 900 MHz bands, where bandwidth is restricted, is already becoming a limiting factor. This paper attempts to address how the application of smart antenna systems has brought about improvements in call quality and increased capacity through reduced Interference in Mobile Communication. The smart antenna may be in a variety of ways to improve the performance of a communications system. Perhaps most importantly is its capability to cancel co-channel interference. It helps in improving the system performance by increasing the channel capacity, spectrum efficiency, extending range coverage, speech quality, enabling tighter reuse of frequencies within a cellular network and economically, feasible increased signal gain, greater, reduced multipath reflection. It has been argued that Smart antennas and the Algorithms to control them are vital to a high-capacity communication system development.

基于混合信号多域特征和Transformer的干扰识别

针对无线通信信道易受到蓄意射频信号干扰问题,提出了一种从混合信号中识别干扰类型的方法。通过改进经典Transformer结构,形成新型网络模型Multidomain-former,以提取多域特征和识别信号干扰类型。首先,通过特定的序列划分机制对输入频谱进行预处理,并通过线性嵌入和位置编码保留原始顺序特征;其次,设计了逆傅氏变换和傅氏变换结合的编码模块,使Multidomain-former能同时提取频域和时域特征。使用通用仪器和收发天线搭建了无线收发信道,在不同干信比条件下对混合信号频谱进行采集,得到训练集和测试集。干扰对比实验通过所提Multidomain-former网络模型完成,并将经典的Transformer结构和其他常见的深度学习模型与所提网络模型进行了对比。对比实验结果表明,在干信比小于10 dB时,所提模型性能相较于经典Transformer在识别正确率方面有2%~3%的提升;在干信比等于-5 dB时,所提模型以最少参数量和次低计算复杂度获得了比另外5种基准网络高3.0%~9.3%的识别率。

级联式低频触发器信号的抗干扰传输研究

级联式低频触发器运行过程中,受干扰信号带宽和不同干扰源的影响,导致同步信号传输效果较差。为此,提出级联式低频触发器信号的抗干扰传输方法。首先,通过变换观测矩阵分离级联式低频触发器同步控制信号,采用欧式距离度量信号相似度,确定信号次序。接着,检测干扰信号中心频率,并通过自适应频谱估计器估计出各干扰信号中相应的带宽以及干扰源的位置。然后,采用维格纳威利分布(WVD)方法处理瞬时频率,计算最大信噪比的最优权值。最后,通过自适应时变滤波法抑制干扰、补偿系数相乘并剔除干扰,实现级联式低频触发器同步控制信号抗干扰传输。试验结果表明,所提方法噪声干扰滤除效果较好。控制后的信号频率稳定在[-1,+1]之间。级联式低频触发器同步控制信号检测率均高于95%。不同信噪比下的信号正确检测率在90%以上。不同读取距离下的信号传输丢包率低于7%。所提方法具有较好的同步控制信号抗干扰传输性能,受干扰程度较小。

发射波束域MIMO-STAP雷达发射接收联合设计方法

研究了信号相关杂波背景下机载多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)雷达发射波束形成和接收滤波器的联合设计问题,建立了机载MIMO雷达发射波束域空时自适应处理(space-time adaptive processing,STAP)信号模型。为了提升杂波环境下目标的检测性能,通过最大化输出信干噪比构建了发射波束形成和接收滤波器的联合设计问题;然后,设计了一种新的基于优化最小化(majorization-minimization,MM)框架的迭代优化算法来解决联合设计问题。该算法通过合理寻找目标函数的下界可以有效提升算法的收敛速度并降低算法的运行时间。此外,与传统的相控阵雷达和MIMO雷达相比,优化后的发射波束形成和接收滤波器可以显著提升输出信干噪比,仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

川东南灰岩出露区提高信噪比技术应用研究

川东南地区受近地表灰岩出露的影响,地震资料能量较弱,干扰波发育,资料的信噪比较低,本文探讨川东南山地灰岩出露区低信噪比地震资料提高信噪比技术的应用。通过对原始资料上不同干扰波特点、分布范围的分析,结合现有多种去噪方法的优劣,提出了有效提高资料信噪比的组合去噪方法,并对其在实际应用中的效果进行了评估。实际资料应用效果表明,该组合去噪方法能够在保真保幅的前提下显著提高川东南山地灰岩区地质资料的信噪比,从而为后续成像处理提供更为准确、可靠的数据。

考虑干扰信号的航空电源电磁兼容优化方法

受航空电源电压波动及自身交流信号残余量的影响,电源电磁兼容的耦合度难以得到有效保障。基于此,文章提出考虑干扰信号的航空电源电磁兼容优化方法研究。将航空电源稳压器的输入和输出分别作为两个独立的信号源,计算纹波比后,滤波器采用压控电压源的方式只允许特定频率范围内的信号通过,抑制其他频率的信号。在测试结果中,设计方法下的耦合度与信噪比之间不存在直接相关关系,对应的测试结果始终稳定在-34.0dB以上,与对照组相比具有明显优势。