Experimental Study on Clogging Characteristics of Silt Soft Soil in Nansha District of Guangzhou

The silt soft soil in Nansha District of Guangzhou was the softest soft soil in China. It had the characteristics of high natural water content, high compressibility, long consolidation time, and complex layered distribution of soil layers. These characteristics formed the clogging characteristics of silt soft soil, which greatly increased the construction difficulty and hindered the construction progress. Therefore, based on the basic physical and mechanical properties of silt soft soil in Nansha District of Guangzhou, this paper evaluated the clogging characteristics of three silt soft soil areas in Nansha District of Guangzhou through long-term permeability test, and carried out scanning electron microscope test to explore the influence of different parameters and microstructure on the clogging difficulty of silt soft soil. The results showed that the silt soft soil Zone I and Zone II (shallow layer) in Nansha District of Guangzhou were divided into slight siltation levels, and the silt soft soil Zone III (deep layer) was mild siltation level. Large pores were widely distributed in shallow silt soft soil, while the continuity of large pores in deep silt soft soil was poor. The migration of fine particles that failed to establish contact with surrounding particles in the soil blocks the small pores of seepage and thus produces siltation.

CALCULATION AND PREDICTION FOR MUDDY BEACH PROTECTION AND SILTATION ACCELERATION

This paper firstly deals with the two different siltation patterns with siltation accelerating project on sandy beach and muddy beach, and then puts forward the calculation method for siltation of the project on muddy beach based on the behavior of suspension and settlement of fine sediment particles. This method not only can qualitatively explain quite a number of natural phenomena, but also is examined by practical projects. Therefore, this method is of important practical significance in the practice of foreshore reclamation and beach protection as well as siltation acceleration.

Natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak(Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) forests rapidly increased the content and ratio of inert carbon in soil macroaggregates

The lack of clarity of how natural vegetation restoration influences soil organic carbon(SOC) content and SOC components in soil aggregate fractions limits the understanding of SOC sequestration and turnover in forest ecosystems.The aim of this study was to explore how natural vegetation restoration affects the SOC content and ratio of SOC components in soil macroaggregates(>250 μm), microaggregates(53–250 μm), and silt and clay(<53 μm) fractions in 30-, 60-, 90-and 120-year-old Liaodong oak(Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) forests, Shaanxi, China in 2015.And the associated effects of biomasses of leaf litter and different sizes of roots(0–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0 and >2.0 mm diameter) on SOC components were studied too.Results showed that the contents of high activated carbon(HAC), activated carbon(AC) and inert carbon(IC) in the macroaggregates, microaggregates and silt and clay fractions increased with restoration ages.Moreover, IC content in the microaggregates in topsoil(0–20 cm) rapidly increased;peaking in the 90-year-old restored forest, and was 5.74 times higher than AC content.In deep soil(20–80 cm), IC content was 3.58 times that of AC content.Biomasses of 0.5–1.0 mm diameter roots and leaf litter affected the content of aggregate fractions in topsoil, while the biomass of >2.0 mm diameter roots affected the content of aggregate fractions in deep soil.Across the soil profiles, macroaggregates had the highest capacity for HAC sequestration.The effects of restoration ages on soil aggregate fractions and SOC content were less in deep soil than in topsoil.In conclusion, natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests improved the contents of SOC, especially IC within topsoil and deep soil.The influence of IC on aggregate stability was greater than the other SOC components, and the aggregate stability was significantly affected by the biomasses of litter, 0.5–1.0 mm diameter roots in topsoil and >2.0 mm diameter roots in deep soil.Natural vegetation restoration of Liaodong oak forests promoted SOC sequestration by soil macroaggregates.

CALCULATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL TIDAL CURRENT AND ANALYSES OF EROSION AND SILTATION IN BEILUN HARBOR

ADI method is adopted to establish a two-dimensional tidal current numerical model for Beilun Harbor based on the hydrologic data and sediment data. The current conditions of the site where the second stage project is going to be carried out are described. The analysis and calculations for the deposition and erosion in the harbor basin are performed, which provides references for the construction of the harbor. The effect of the pile group on the current is simulated by increasing the sea bed roughness which can be determined with empirical equations of artificial roughness. The method is considered to be applicable after verification with field data. The test has provided experiences for future mathematical modelling to simulate the open type hydraulic structures.

Effects of December 2014 Great Flood on the Physico-Chemical Properties of the Soils in the Kelantan Plains, Malaysia

Heavy rain falling on land at the upper reaches of the Kelantan River, Malaysia, on December 2014, had resulted in severe soil erosion and untold damages to croplands. The lower reaches of the river were heavily silted with infertile materials considered unfit for crop production. A study was conducted to explain why the flood phenomenon occurred, to determine the physico-chemical properties of the sediments silted in the Kelantan Plains and to propose measures for soil mitigation. Results showed that the silted sediments were characterized by the presence of quarts, mica, feldspars, kaolinite, gibbsite and hematite believed to come from the top- and subsoil of the upland areas. The sediments’ pH was very low and Al and/or Fe contents were very high, while nitrogen and carbon contents varied from area to area. Soils in the Kelantan Plains badly affected by this great flood needed to undergo proper ameliorative program. The most appropriate measure would be to apply ground magnesium limestone in combination with bio-fertilizer fortified with beneficial microbes that would increase their pH to a level above 5, which consequently eliminates Al3+ and/or Fe2+ that causes toxicity to the crops growing on them. The organic material so added would enhance the formation of soil structures. It is advised that the farming communities in the upper reaches of the Kelantan River would have to follow the advice advocated by the Department of Agriculture, Peninsular Malaysia, via MyGAP initiative, in order to sustain agricultural production on their land.

淤泥固化土动力特性及在直立护岸抗震分析中的应用

以大连临空产业园填海造地项目为背景,开展淤泥固化土动力特性试验研究。运用FLAC^(3D)有限元软件对不同地基处理方案的直立沉箱护岸在地震作用下进行动力响应模拟。从加速度响应、孔压与有效应力、残余变形等方面定量评价直立沉箱护岸结构的抗震安全性。动力特性试验结果表明:阻尼比与剪切应变和固化剂掺量呈正相关,且围压越高,阻尼越小。数值分析结果表明:在地震作用下,不同的地基条件下加速度放大系数呈现出不同的峰值;沉箱下方砂土层不液化;淤泥固化土地基上沉箱的残余变形小于原状淤泥地基且高水位能减小残余变形,提高沉箱的安全性。研究成果可为类似港口工程抗震设计提供参考。

不同含水量粉土与土钉界面的剪切特性

通过控制含水量的粉土与土-钉界面拉拔剪切室内试验,研究不同土体含水量及上覆压力时,钉-土界面的剪切应力与剪切位移关系、界面剪切强度及表观摩擦系数的变化规律。试验结果表明:钉-土界面剪切应力随上覆压力的增加而显著增加,峰值剪切应力对应的拉拔位移也逐渐增大,且剪切应力达到峰值后出现软化现象;钉-土界面的剪切应力与土体含水量呈负相关;峰值、残余剪切应力均随着上覆压力的增大近似呈线性增加,随着土体含水量的增大而显著下降;峰值应力与残余剪切应力的差值随着土体含水量的增加而减小,随着上覆压力的增加而增大。研究成果可为土钉拉拔承载性能研究提供参考。

有机肥替代氮肥对银北灌区盐化灌淤土理化性质及玉米生长的影响

次生盐渍化已成为宁夏银北灌区灌淤土壤退化的主要形式,制约着宁夏农业持续高质量发展。为了给宁夏地区盐化灌淤土的施肥管理及提高作物产量提供科学依据,以银北灌区典型盐化灌淤土为研究对象、玉米品种先玉335为指示品种,研究了不同施肥水平对盐化灌淤土土壤理化性质及玉米生长的影响。结果表明,各施肥处理均能有效地增加盐化灌淤土的速效养分含量,进而优化玉米产量构成要素,提高玉米产量。各施肥处理除常规施肥处理(施N 375.0 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)100.0 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 100.0 kg/hm^(2))的玉米总根长、根表面积最高外,有机肥替代常规施肥量50%氮肥(施N 187.5 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)100.0 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 100.0 kg/hm^(2)、有机肥7.3 t/hm^(2))处理的土壤理化性质及玉米生长指标最高。与对照不施肥相比,该处理下土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加了34.5%、25.9%、120.5%、23.7%,玉米穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、产量分别增加了40.5%、15.2%、80.5%、104.8%,秃尖长降低了78.0%;与常规施肥处理相比,该处理下土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加了36.5%、21.4%、13.7%、8.6%,玉米穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、产量分别增加了0.6%、1.9%、5.3%、3.1%,秃尖长降低了57.7%。综合分析,不同施肥水平均可改善盐化灌淤土理化性质进而提升玉米产量,且以有机肥替代部分氮肥施用的处理效果较好,其中以有机肥替代常规施肥量50%氮肥的施肥水平效果最好。

基于聚丙烯石灰改性技术的土遗址修复材料试验研究

土遗址主要建筑材料为土,长期暴露在自然环境下,损坏情况普遍且严重,亟待修复。在粉土中单独及混合掺入石灰和聚丙烯纤维制备改性土试样,开展直剪、压缩、风沙侵蚀、冻融和水稳性试验,以检验聚丙烯与石灰作为粉土遗址修复材料的可行性。试验表明,单独掺入石灰或聚丙烯纤维均能提高土的抗剪强度,当掺入9%石灰或0.25%聚丙烯纤维时,改性土内摩擦角和黏聚力可高达48.9°和107.11kPa,土的压缩性也显著降低。但单独加入聚丙烯纤维反而会导致改性土的水稳性变差,这是由于土中的聚丙烯纤维增加了水的入渗通道。通过以0.25%聚丙烯纤维和9%石灰制成混掺改性土试样,其黏聚力和内摩擦角不仅比单掺改性土最高提升了66.7%和28.9%,且试样水稳定性也显著增强,抵抗风沙侵蚀和冻融的能力也有较大改善,总体性能较优。因此混合使用石灰和聚丙烯纤维能更有效地改善粉土的工程性能。

黄土丘陵山区坝前淤积土固结渗透试验及其预测模型

为研究宁夏南部山区坝前淤积土非线性渗透特性,以宁夏南部黄土丘陵山区小型水库除险加固中“坝前淤积面加坝”技术为工程背景,通过固结渗透试验获得了50、100、150 cm深度原状淤积土施加25、50、100、200、400、800 kPa压力下的竖向变形量及渗透系数。针对宁夏南部山区水库坝前淤积土的特性,在分析常见非线性渗透模型基础上,利用皮尔逊相关性和灰色关联度分析方法,计算渗透系数与不同形式孔隙比之间的相关性,给出符合本地区坝前淤积土的双对数非线性渗透模型。结果表明:渗透系数与400 kPa固结压力下孔隙比的皮尔逊相关系数和灰色关联系数分别为0.968、0.893,二者相关性显著性较高,而且均高于其他形式孔隙比的相关系数;拟合的双对数非线性渗透模型的决定系数R~2在0.93以上,较好反映了宁夏南部山区坝前淤积土渗透特性,弥补了单指数渗透模型预测精度不足和参数复杂的缺陷;建立的固结-渗透系数表达式,为坝前淤积土大变形非线性排水固结研究奠定了基础。

海相淤泥资源化制备路基填料试验研究

海相淤泥堆弃占用大量土地资源,二次污染风险高。对瓯海底泥展开单因素试验发现,单一胶凝材料对瓯海底泥固化效果不佳,而混料试验模型表明在水泥∶水渣∶石膏=6.2%∶1.8%∶2.0%的配合比和掺量条件下,固化土7d无侧限抗压强度可达2.12MPa,与实际试验结果2.36 MPa相接近。在该最佳配合比条件下固化土的液塑限、击实性能和CBR值得到显著改善,路用性能优于传统水泥固化土,同时复合固化后瓯海底泥由轻污染等级转变为安全等级,环境安全性可靠。通过微观分析,经复合固化淤泥微颗粒之间的孔隙显著减少,进一步论证了复合固化土性能提升的潜在原因。资源化利用海相淤泥制路基填筑可大规模消纳底泥,经济效益和环保效益显著,本次试验为海相淤泥的道路应用提供了借鉴意义。

海相淤泥质固化土强度劣化规律试验研究

针对海相淤泥质软土中水泥搅拌桩成桩效果不佳的问题,选取天津地区某地铁工程施工现场海相淤泥质黏土,通过室内水泥土无侧限抗压强度试验,研究了可溶性盐和有机质含量对海相淤泥固化的无侧限抗压强度(UCS)的影响,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其微观结构和物相特征进行分析。结果表明:土壤水泥的强度随可溶性盐和有机质含量的增加而降低,其主要通过破坏和抑制水泥水化产物的形成,进而降低水化产物的胶凝性能,破坏了水泥土结构,导致强度降低。该研究结果对解释海相淤泥质软土固化效果不佳的现象具有重要的意义。

固化剂在滨海相淤泥固化土中的应用研究

沿海城市的土体中蕴藏大量的淤泥,在工程建设过程中,为了减少淤泥对城市环境的污染,同时为了解决建筑材料短缺现象,展开淤泥固化的研究具有极大的环境价值和经济价值。以温州龙湾区金丽温高速公路东延线开挖的滨海相淤泥为研究对象,为改良其力学特性,提高其变形稳定性,加入不同掺量新型固化剂,对比分析了固化土无侧限抗压强度指标、CBR值及膨胀率随压实度(92%、96%和100%)和掺量(5%、6%、8%和10%)的变化特征。结果表明:滨海相淤泥固化土的无侧限抗压强度和CBR值随固化剂掺量和压实度的增加而增加,增长幅度逐渐降低,掺量8%对强度提升与变形稳定性维持更为显著。

桩基静载试验用淤泥固化土场地应用研究

为提高特大桩基静载试验可靠度,对桩基静载试验场地进行加固,以南京某桩基静载试验项目为依托,对不同固化剂掺量、不同固化深度、不同上部荷载情况下进行验证,基于现场实测数据对地基承载力、场地沉降观测结果进行数据分析,揭示各种因素的影响程度。研究结果表明,原状土地基经固化后,地基承载力由50 kPa增强至150 kPa以上;固化深度设计成1.0、1.5、2.0 m,固化剂掺量为5%,经现场平板载荷试验检测,能够满足设计要求;固化土场地上堆载加满后,场地平均沉降为16.7~19.1 mm,整体沉降均匀,根据沉降数据选择最优固化深度。

大型龙口软土地基快速处理关键技术

针对大型龙口的流泥及淤泥土层等软弱地基抗剪强度指标低、抗滑稳定和沉降控制难度大、不能满足合龙要求的问题,进行了横沙东滩圈围(八期)工程的流泥及新淤积软土地基合龙方案的分析研究。采用理论分析结合数值模拟计算方法,提出同一龙口位置深厚流泥打设排水板、薄层流泥碎石置换以及通长袋加筋的组合式地基处理方法,使大型龙口的软弱地基土在短时间内强度大幅度提高,满足了合龙要求。研究成果可为类似工程的施工设计提供新思路。

全固废基固化剂对高含水率淤泥土性能的影响研究

为实现对地下工程及海洋工程中的高含水淤泥土的资源化利用,并协同利用大宗固体废弃物,本研究采用活化煤矸石、粉煤灰、矿粉和激发剂等大宗固废制备固化剂,研究了固化剂组成及比例对固化剂工作性和力学性能的影响规律,确定了最优配比为30%活化煤矸石、20%粉煤灰、50%矿粉与激发剂。采用最优配比制备的固化剂可有效固化高含水率(100%)的淤泥,当固化剂掺量从10%提升至15%时,固化土的强度提升幅度最大(28d无侧限抗压强度达1.58MPa),固化后淤泥具有良好的工作性、力学性能和抗渗透性能。

橡胶-粉土混合土动力特性试验研究

【目的】为了解橡胶颗粒掺入粉土中对其动力特性的影响,对橡胶粉土混合土进行动力特性研究。【方法】将不同体积分数(0%、5%、10%、20%)的橡胶颗粒掺入粉土试样中,在不同竖向应力作用下,采用GDS动态循环单剪试验系统,对混合土的动剪切模量和阻尼比进行研究。【结果】混合土的动剪切模量随竖向应力的增大而增大,随橡胶颗粒体积分数和动剪应变的增大而减小;阻尼比随竖向应力的增大而减小,随动剪应变的增大而增大;橡胶颗粒体积分数对阻尼比的影响分为两个阶段,在动剪应变小于0.1%时,阻尼比随着橡胶颗粒体积分数的增大而增大,而在动剪应变大于0.1%时,阻尼比随着橡胶颗粒体积分数的增大而减小。【结论】本研究结果可为废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒在实际工程中的应用提供参考。

饱和粉土地区土钉墙支护问题处理

在饱和粉土地层进行基坑开挖支护工程,由于基坑降水短期内难以排出粉土层内积水,在开挖支护过程中,粉土地层经常出现流水、流砂、坍塌等问题,对基坑安全造成一定影响,因此在遇到此类地层时,应从设计、施工角度重点考虑,提前采取应对措施,以保证基坑安全。论文以某工程为例,采用土钉墙支护,在饱和粉土层位置出现典型的流水、流砂、局部坍塌以及帷幕漏水问题,采取微型桩超前支护、轻型井点降水、砂袋、松木桩、注浆等措施,有效解决了以上问题,保证了基坑及周边环境安全。

基于深厚软弱淤泥质土的真空预压地基处理加固施工

以印度尼西亚爪哇某工业园区的建设施工为例,对深厚软弱淤泥质土条件下采用真空预压法进行地基加固施工时,静力触探与砂沟开挖、排水板打设、水平排水管安装与砂沟回填、土工布铺设、真空膜铺设与密封沟开挖以及真空预压系统安装和真空运行过程中的施工要点进行分析。

淤泥质软土地层急曲线盾构隧道施工关键技术研究及应用

中心城区地下管网建设受复杂道路交通组织、既有密集地下管网、邻近建(构)筑物避让及保护等制约,不可避免地形成急曲线隧道线型。针对淤泥质软土地层急曲线盾构隧道施工所面临的地层反力不足、管片易错位或上浮、地面沉降较大、盾构姿态不稳定等问题,结合上海桃浦初期雨水调蓄工程,开展了淤泥质软土地层急转弯曲线盾构隧道施工关键技术研究,分析了软土地层急曲线隧道施工难点,提出并实施了急曲线段“偏心门式”MJS土体加固法结合同步注浆模式下的附袋注浆管片稳定控制方法的关键技术。监测结果显示,工程实施效果良好,且周边环境仅为微扰动,可为今后类似工程提供参考。