Numerical Simulation of the Settling Flux of Biodeposition in a Bay with Cage Culture Through Similarity Theory and a Simplified Pollution Source

The settling flux of biodeposition affects the environmental quality of cage culture areas and determines their environmental carrying capacity.Simple and effective simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition is extremely important for determining the spatial distribution of biodeposition.Theoretically,biodeposition in cage culture areas without specific emission rules can be simplified as point source pollution.Fluent is a fluid simulation software that can simulate the dispersion of particulate matter simply and efficiently.Based on the simplification of pollution sources and bays,the settling flux of biodeposition can be easily and effectively simulated by Fluent fluid software.In the present work,the feasibility of this method was evaluated by simulation of the settling flux of biodeposition in Maniao Bay,Hainan Province,China,and 20 sampling sites were selected for determining the settling fluxes.At sampling sites P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,Z1,Z2,Z3,Z4,A1,A2,A3,A4,B1,B2,C1,C2,C3 and C4,the measured settling fluxes of biodeposition were 26.02,15.78,10.77,58.16,6.57,72.17,12.37,12.11,106.64,150.96,22.59,11.41,18.03,7.90,19.23,7.06,11.84,5.19 and 2.57 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.The simulated settling fluxes of biodeposition at the corresponding sites were 16.03,23.98,8.87,46.90,4.52,104.77,16.03,8.35,180.83,213.06,39.10,17.47,20.98,9.78,23.25,7.84,15.90,6.06 and 1.65 g d^(−1)m^(−2),respectively.There was a positive correlation between the simulated settling fluxes and measured ones(R=0.94,P=2.22×10^(−9)<0.05),which implies that the spatial differentiation of biodeposition flux was well simulated.Moreover,the posterior difference ratio of the simulation was 0.38,and the small error probability was 0.94,which means that the simulated results reached an acceptable level from the perspective of relative error.Thus,if nonpoint source pollution is simplified to point source pollution and open waters are simplified based on similarity theory,the setting flux of biodeposition in the open waters can be simply and effectively simulated by the fluid simulation software Fluent.

ESTIMATION METHOD FOR AIRCRAFT SIMILARITY BASED ON FUZZY THEORY AND GREY INCIDENCE ANALYSIS

An estimation method for aircraft similarity based on fuzzy theory and grey incidence analysis is presented. This estimation method is made up of the triangular fuzzy transforming model of linguistic variables and the method of grey incidence analysis. Nine feature attributes of aircraft are selected to estimate the similarity between the new aircraft and the existing aircraft. A new aircraft X and other six existing aircrafts are taken as examples. Analyses show that similarity estimation results obtained from the method are in accordance with practice.

Similarities and Differences of Chinese Translation Theories And Western Translation Theories

Translation theories are based on the different languages and cultures.The difference is not clearly defined,so there is a place of mutual integration that can be used interchangeably.Theyall regard author’s meaning and style as a core to translate a good product.Comparatively,Chinese theories focus on expressing the general meaning of the author,but Western theory emphasizes equivalence of details on translation and response of reader.In the translation practice,according to different theoretical texts and different stages of the translation process,the Chinese and Western translation theories are combined to apply them for making up for each other's deficiencies,which can help our translators to solve the problems in the process of translation improve the construction of Chinese theories.

Load Reduction Test Method of Similarity Theory and BP Neural Networks of Large Cranes

Static load tests are an important means of supervising and detecting a crane＇s lift capacity. Due to space restrictions, however, there are difficulties and potential danger when testing large bridge cranes. To solve the loading problems of large-tonnage cranes during testing, an equivalency test is proposed based on the similarity theory and BP neural networks. The maximum stress and displacement of a large bridge crane is tested in small loads, combined with the training neural network of a similar structure crane through stress and displacement data which is collected by a physics simulation progressively loaded to a static load test load within the material scope of work. The maximum stress and displacement of a crane under a static load test load can be predicted through the relationship of stress, displacement, and load. By measuring the stress and displacement of small tonnage weights, the stress and displacement of large loads can be predicted, such as the maximum load capacity, which is 1.25 times the rated capacity. Experimental study shows that the load reduction test method can reflect the lift capacity of large bridge cranes. The load shedding predictive analysis for Sanxia 1200 t bridge crane test data indicates that when the load is 1.25 times the rated lifting capacity, the predicted displacement and actual displacement error is zero. The method solves the problem that lifting capacities are difficult to obtain and testing accidents are easily possible when 1.25 times related weight loads are tested for large tonnage cranes.

Similarity theory based method for MEMS dynamics analysis

A new method for MEMS dynamics analysis is presented,ased on the similarity theory. With this method, two systems' similarities can be captured in terms of physics quantities/governed-equations amongst different energy fields, and then the unknown dynamic characteristics of one of the systems can be analyzed according to the similar ones of the other system. The probability to establish a pair of similar systems among MEMS and other energy systems is also discussed based on the equivalent between mechanics and electrics, and then the feasibility of applying this method is proven by an example, in which the squeezed damping force in MEMS and the current of its equivalent circuit established by this method are compared.

Numerical verification of similar Cam-clay model based on generalized potential theory

From the mathematical principles, the generalized potential theory can be employed to create constitutive model of geomaterial directly. The similar Cam-clay model, which is created based on the generalized potential theory, has less assumptions,clearer mathematical basis, and better computational accuracy. Theoretically, it is more scientific than the traditional Cam-clay models. The particle flow code PFC3 D was used to make numerical tests to verify the rationality and practicality of the similar Cam-clay model. The verification process was as follows: 1) creating the soil sample for numerical test in PFC3 D, and then simulating the conventional triaxial compression test, isotropic compression test, and isotropic unloading test by PFC3D; 2)determining the parameters of the similar Cam-clay model from the results of above tests; 3) predicting the sample's behavior in triaxial tests under different stress paths by the similar Cam-clay model, and comparing the predicting results with predictions by the Cam-clay model and the modified Cam-clay model. The analysis results show that the similar Cam-clay model has relatively high prediction accuracy, as well as good practical value.

The Application of Similarity Theory in Designing Large Deflection Buckling Spring-Piece

Large Deflection Buckling Spring-Piece (LDBSP) refers to the deformation of an end-fixed flat spring-piece under normal loadings. Plastic deformation usually appears in LDBSP.The static characteristic curve is very particular, because within its linear deflection region, the spring constant can be designed to be any value from minus to plus. With its obvious advantages of large liner deflection range, low spring constant, etc., the LDBSP has now been extensively applied to the exciting device, low-frequency shock absorbers and so on. The static characteristic curve of LDBSP belongs to the nonlinear problem of an arch with varying section. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain it theoretically. The formulae for designing LDBSP have not been set up yet. In this study,the authors apply similarity theory to analyze the liner deflection range A and the spring constant K, and derive the relationship of similarity criterion, finally obtain a set of formulae for designing LDBSP by model test and the least square method, which can be applied in engineering design.Through the research, it is proved that it is unnecessary to keep geometrical similarity of spring-piece shape. This fact extends the application scope of the formulae. The proposed formulae for designing LDBSP thereby can be applied for any dimensions within the range allowed.

A Closure for Isotropic Turbulence Based on Extended Scale Similarity Theory in Physical Space

The closure of a turbulence field is a longstanding fundamental problem, while most closure models are introduced in spectral space. Inspired by Chou＇s quasi-normal closure method in spectral space, we propose an analytical closure model for isotropic turbulence based on the extended scale similarity theory of the velocity structure function in physical space. The assumptions and certain approximations are justified with direct numerical simulation. The asymptotic scaling properties are reproduced by this new closure method, in comparison to the classical Batchelor model.

A label noise filtering and label missing supplement framework based on game theory

Labeled data is widely used in various classification tasks.However,there is a huge challenge that labels are often added artificially.Wrong labels added by malicious users will affect the training effect of the model.The unreliability of labeled data has hindered the research.In order to solve the above problems,we propose a framework of Label Noise Filtering and Missing Label Supplement(LNFS).And we take location labels in Location-Based Social Networks(LBSN)as an example to implement our framework.For the problem of label noise filtering,we first use FastText to transform the restaurant's labels into vectors,and then based on the assumption that the label most similar to all other labels in the location is most representative.We use cosine similarity to judge and select the most representative label.For the problem of label missing,we use simple common word similarity to judge the similarity of users'comments,and then use the label of the similar restaurant to supplement the missing labels.To optimize the performance of the model,we introduce game theory into our model to simulate the game between the malicious users and the model to improve the reliability of the model.Finally,a case study is given to illustrate the effectiveness and reliability of LNFS.

隧道突涌水灾害缩尺物理模型试验研究综述

随着我国经济的快速发展,隧道工程建设越来越多地面临着大埋深、高地应力、高地温、高渗透压力等复杂地质环境,运用物理模型试验开展复杂环境下隧道突涌水灾变机理与安全防控研究已成为岩石力学的热点问题。结合近年来国内外针对隧道突涌水灾变缩尺物理模型试验开展的研究工作,重点对该类物理模型的流固耦合相似理论、相似材料研制、渗透压加载方法等内容进行了系统梳理,并对下一步的可能发展方向进行展望。参考部分文献和突水典型案例后,总结了流固耦合相似准则和高地应力下的相似准则、相似材料选用方案及材料配比、试验中的水压加载方案,认为未来关注的重点包括考虑温度场的物理模型试验相似准则的研究和涌水涌泥与突水突泥间渐变过程的研究2个方面。

地下洞室变形破坏物理模拟的力学相似畸变映射原理与实例分析

相似物理模拟是研究地下工程变形破坏问题的重要手段,然而经典相似理论关于相似模型与工程原型之间的几何相似比和材料力学参数相似比的相互约束,导致室内物理相似模型尺寸和材料力学参数一直面临难以完全满足相似准则的困局,从而产生力学畸变和模拟试验结果解译困难。为此,提出了地下洞室变形破坏物理模拟的力学相似畸变映射处理方法,引进畸变系数和映射系数,通过耦合解析法或数值法来映射畸变效应,实现地下洞室物理模拟结果对原型力学行为的定量解译;以圆形隧洞为工程原型,采用水泥基3D打印隧洞物理模型进行相似物理超载试验,基于提出的耦合力学相似畸变法与解析法对物理模拟结果进行了定量分析和对比验证;以某水电站地下洞室群为研究原型,通过砂岩3D打印洞室群物理模型的超载试验获得洞室破坏的变形值,采用耦合力学相似畸变法与数值方法对物理模拟结果进行定量分析。实例分析结果表明,在物理相似模拟中几何相似比和力学相似比不满足经典相似准则条件下,该方法可实现圆形隧洞或复杂洞室群原型的相似物理模拟结果的定量映射分析,对非恒定相似比的地下洞室物理模拟畸变分析具有普适性。

基于虚拟仿真平台的线上线下混合式教学研究

伴随着大数据时代的来临,高等教育模式正面临着重大改革。为提高相似理论与相似方法课程的教学效果与质量,该文构建基于虚拟仿真平台的线上线下混合式教学模式,从课前学习、课上教学、课堂讨论和课后辅导等方面对混合式教学进行综合的论述,通过教学反思,对教学模式提出相应建议与心得,以期更好地提高学生学习的效率,为混合式教育模式的改革分享经验。

螺杆挤出机相似放大理论的研究进展

总结了近些年来国内外提出的螺杆挤出机相似放大准则,并对比分析了常用的放大系数和适用范围,同时,介绍了相似放大理论在螺杆挤出机中的优化挤出机的结构参数、工艺条件的实际应用,最后指出了螺杆挤出机相似放大理论进一步探索和优化,为螺杆挤出机行业的可持续发展提供更加有效的理论支持。

综采工作面垮落带注浆充填开采覆岩采动裂隙定量表征试验研究

为定量表征冒落区注浆充填对覆岩采动损伤程度的影响,以任家庄煤矿110903工作面为研究背景,开展垮落法开采和垮落带充填法开采物理相似模拟实验,运用分形理论研究两者覆岩裂隙演化特征,并对其覆岩运移规律进行对比分析。研究结果表明,垮落法开采后采动裂隙分形维数变化规律为迅速上升-缓慢下降-缓慢上升-急剧上升,注浆充填开采后变化规律呈迅速上升-迅速下降-缓慢下降-缓慢上升;将采动裂隙发育网络划分为离层裂隙区、离层压实区、垮落裂隙区、竖向破断裂隙区四个区域,对比垮落法开采和垮落带充填法开采,充填后采场覆岩裂隙不发育,离层压实区范围较小,发育高度仅为21.96 m;注浆充填开采后各关键层下沉量显著减小,关键层2最大下沉量出现在顶板初次破断处,垮落法开采后关键层2最大下沉量出现在采空区中部。垮落带注浆充填开采能有效改善覆岩裂隙损伤、控制覆岩裂隙发育、减缓覆岩下沉,该成果可以为任家庄煤矿充填开采控制地表沉降提供一定的理论依据。

基于博弈组合赋权-云模型的坚硬顶板采场来压强度等级评估研究

为了解决坚硬顶板采场来压强度等级评估的不确定性问题,在力学分析的基础上,从顶板条件、地质条件、开采条件和其他条件等4个方面选取14个指标因素,采用序关系法确定主观权重、改进的CRITIC法确定客观权重,运用博弈论组合赋权,得到最佳综合权重,构建坚硬顶板采场来压强度等级评估云模型。通过云相似度测算,提高评估结果的精确性。以淮南张集矿区11129工作面为例,对9-2煤层上覆坚硬顶板来压强度等级进行评估,应用表明:所提方法综合考虑评价对象的主客观因素,权重分配科学合理,评估结果与实际情况一致,能为现场顶板弱化工作提供理论依据。

基于直觉模糊相似关系的三支决策模型

针对一些直觉模糊相似关系使直觉模糊集中对象间的相似度过于集中或者相异度过高,导致不合理的分类结果的问题,以及在构造直觉模糊相似关系时,对象间的相似度和相异度容易受到不重要属性条件信息影响的问题,本文在直觉模糊集和可能性理论基础上,提出一种基于直觉模糊相似关系的三支决策模型。首先,给出可能性测度和必要性测度的定义,结合Hausdorff度量,构造一种距离公式,并证明其性质,定义了直觉模糊集中对象间的相似度和相异度,构造了新的直觉模糊相似关系;然后定义了直觉模糊相似关系下的(λ_(1),λ_(2))-截集及其直觉模糊(λ_(1),λ_(2))-截集下的相似类,并进一步求出目标集的正域、负域和边界域;最后通过UCI数据集和实例验证了该模型的合理性和有效性。

适用于平坦草原的近地层以上风廓线推算方法

为得到从地面观测数据推测高层风廓线的表达式,基于锡林浩特国家气候观象台1年的观测,确定粗糙度、边界层高度和地转风计算方法,将不同稳定度的平均风廓线与建立的边界层风廓线模型计算结果进行比较。研究发现:基于再分析资料得到的地转阻力参数预测的地转风与实际地转风接近,对数风廓线在中性和不稳定情况下计算准确,且计算方法简单;Deaves-Harris模型适用于强风情况;改进混合长的Gryning模型和考虑Ekman层科氏力的两层风廓线模型在不同的稳定度情况下模拟结果均比较准确,但计算方法复杂;改进的Gryning模型适用于夜间残留层的风廓线模拟。

水下中远场爆炸冲击波作用下航行体表面动态响应分析

针对水下中远场爆炸作用下航行体表面动态响应复杂、预测困难的问题,基于任意欧拉-拉格朗日数值算法,考虑自由面对冲击波反射的影响,利用爆炸相似理论细化模型网格,运用有限元软件对水下爆炸模型进行求解。分析冲击波作用下航行体表面动态应力峰值出现的时间和区域,并对其动态响应随当量、爆距及水深的变化规律进行研究。利用数值拟合方法得到航行体表面动态应力方程,并通过决定系数验证其可靠性,在定当量、爆距情况下可直接求解其动态应力。研究结果表明:当量增加,动态应力在相同爆距区间内衰减速率增大;爆距增大,动态应力在相同当量区间内增长速率降低;深度每下降100 m,动态应力增长20 MPa左右。所得研究结果可为中远场水下爆炸作用下航行体安全防护和抗冲击研究提供一定参考。

基于相似理论的钢结构模型实验结果修正:以空腹梁为例

以相似理论设计大跨度钢结构缩尺模型试验时常因材料及尺寸等多参数同时畸变的问题而无法正确反映原型结构力学性能。提出了基于响应面法的响应面预测模型对畸变参数进行修正,并考虑材料加工难度及制作成本,基于相似理论设计了三种不同材料制作的1/2空腹梁缩尺模型且梁截面厚度产生畸变,对多参数畸变模型修正前后的误差进行分析。结果表明:建立的响应面方程具有很好的拟合精度和对未知参数的预测能力,在各级均布荷载作用下,多参数畸变的钢空腹梁缩尺模型通过数值模拟及等效刚度理论计算后,未经修正的缩尺模型映射原型结构的力学性能误差较大,而经过建立的响应面模型修正后,误差显著减小,多参数畸变的缩尺模型能够有效地预测原型结构的力学性能。

“相似误差分析”背景下基于耦合系统理论的实验教学改进思路——以广东工业大学土木工程国家级教学示范中心为例

“相似误差分析”是土木工程实验的基础理论,对该理论的创新发展影响着整个实验教学的基础体系.在该背景下基于耦合系统理论对实验教学思路进行改进,是国家级教学示范中心推陈出新和持续深化改革的重要路径.通过具体案例分析,基于土木工程实验教育中相似理论的应用及改进,结合耦合系统理论,探讨了高校实验课程教学改革思路的前进方向.