A Novel Mathematical Model for Similarity Search in Pattern Matching Algorithms

Modern applications require large databases to be searched for regions that are similar to a given pattern. The DNA sequence analysis, speech and text recognition, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, and many other applications highly depend on pattern matching or similarity searches. In this paper, we discuss some of the string matching solutions developed in the past. Then, we present a novel mathematical model to search for a given pattern and it’s near approximates in the text.

A Portfolio Selection Method Based on Pattern Matching with Dual Information of Direction and Distance

Pattern matching method is one of the classic classifications of existing online portfolio selection strategies. This article aims to study the key aspects of this method—measurement of similarity and selection of similarity sets, and proposes a Portfolio Selection Method based on Pattern Matching with Dual Information of Direction and Distance (PMDI). By studying different combination methods of indicators such as Euclidean distance, Chebyshev distance, and correlation coefficient, important information such as direction and distance in stock historical price information is extracted, thereby filtering out the similarity set required for pattern matching based investment portfolio selection algorithms. A large number of experiments conducted on two datasets of real stock markets have shown that PMDI outperforms other algorithms in balancing income and risk. Therefore, it is suitable for the financial environment in the real world.

Mining maximal pattern-based subspace clusters in high dimensional space

The problem of pattern-based subspace clustering, a special type of subspace clustering that uses pattern similarity as a measure of similarity, is studied. Unlike most traditional clustering algorithms that group the close values of objects in all the dimensions or a set of dimensions, clustering by pattern similarity shows an interesting pattern, where objects exhibit a coherent pattern of rise and fall in subspaces. A novel approach, named EMaPle to mine the maximal pattern-based subspace clusters, is designed. The EMaPle searches clusters only in the attribute enumeration spaces which are relatively few compared to the large number of row combinations in the typical datasets, and it exploits novel pruning techniques. EMaPle can find the clusters satisfying coherent constraints, size constraints and sign constraints neglected in MaPle. Both synthetic data sets and real data sets are used to evaluate EMaPle and demonstrate that it is more effective and scalable than MaPle.

Rough similarity degree and rough close degree in rough fuzzy sets and the applications

Based on rough similarity degree of rough sets and close degree of fuzzy sets, the definitions of rough similarity degree and rough close degree of rough fuzzy sets are given, which can be used to measure the similar degree between two rough fuzzy sets. The properties and theorems are listed. Using the two new measures, the method of clustering in the rough fuzzy system can be obtained. After clustering, the new fuzzy sample can be recognized by the principle of maximal similarity degree.

Static rough similarity degree and its applications

The definition of rough similarity degree is given based on the axiomatic similarity degree, and the properties of rough similarity degree are listed. Using the properties of rough similarity degree, the method of clustering in rough systems can be obtained. After clustering, a new sample can be recognized by the principle of maximal rough similarity degree.

Amphibian and reptilian distribution patterns in the transitional zone between the Euro-Siberian and Central Asia Subrealms

There exist some controversies over the larger zoogeographic divisions of the arid areas of Central Asia, whose characteristics include complex ecological environments, complex fauna origins and unique patterns of animal distribution. The aim of this study was to determine, using quantitative analysis, the distribution patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the arid areas of Central Asia, whose various physiographical regions were divided into 17 Operative Geographical Units （OGUs）. Based on the presence or absence of 52 amphibian and reptile genera in the 17 OGUs, and by making use of the Czekanowski Similarity Index, the Baroni-Urbani and Buser＇s Similarity Index, and the strong and weak boundary test, we studied the biotic boundaries within these contested regions. In accordance with our results, the classification dendrogram was divided into two main branches. One branch is composed of the northern OGUs of the Altai Mountains which are a part of the Euro-Siberian Subrealm. The other branch includes all of the OGUs south of the Altai Mountains, which belong to the Central Asia Subrealm. There is a significantly weak biotic boundary （DW〉0, GW〉GS, P〈0.01） between the Euro-Siberian Subrealm and the Central Asia Subrealm that corre- sponded to the transitional zones. The boundary between the two subrealms runs along the Altai Mountains, the Sayan Mountains, the Hangai Mountains and the Mongolian Dagurr Mountains. The boundaries between the main branches in the Central Asia Subrealm are weak, reflecting the widespread existence of transitional zones in the arid areas of Central Asia. The Tianshan Mountains should be elevated to form its own separate region, ＂the Middle Asian Mountain Region＂, which, due to its special fauna and environment, would be classified at the same level as the Mongolia-Xinjiang Region. With the approach of creating a cluster analysis dendogram based upon the genera of amphibians and reptiles, the relationship of these higher level zoogeographical divisions was successfully resolved and the error of long-branch attraction was also avoided. With our clustering dendrogram as the foundation, the in- dependence test was applied to strong and weak boundaries, and this resolved the problem of where to attribute the transition areas and revealed as well the barrier effect that physical, geographic boundaries have upon amphibians and reptiles. The approach of combining genera clustering analysis with a statistical boundary test should be applicable not only to the distribution patterns of other animal groups, but also to delineating large-scale zoogeographical divisions.

Self Similarity of the Spherical C-S-H Particle in Cement Paste

Cement paste with low water/cement ratio of 0.3 was observed using AFM. It is found that C-S-H has self similarity trait from scanning scale 20 um×20 um down to 300 nm× 300 nm, and the feature of C-S-H at large scale is very similar to those smaller scales. It can be concluded that C-S-H is composed with some fundamental spherical globule, the fundamental globules agglomerate into bigger ones, moreover the bigger ones agglomerate into even bigger one. A C-S-H globule fractal model was put forward to describe the self similarity of the C-S-H globule, which can be used to reveal how the C-S-H globule contacts with each other.

Assessment of Structural Damage Condition Based on Fuzzy Pattern Recognition

This paper presents a new method of damage condition assessment that allows accommodating other types of uncertainties due to ambiguity, vagueness, and fuzziness that are statistically nondescribable. In this method, healthy observations are used to construct a fury set representing sound performance characteristics. Additionally, the bounds on the similarities among the structural damage states are prescribed by using the state similarity matrix. Thus, an optimal group fuzzy sets representing damage states such as little, moderate, and severe damage can be inferred as an inverse problem from healthy observations only. The optimal group of damage fuzzy sets is used to classify a set of observations at any unknown state of damage using the principles of fitzzy pattern recognition based on an approximate principle . This method can be embedded into the system of Structural Health Monitoring （SHM） to give advice about structural maintenance and life predictio comes from Reference [ 9 ] for damage pattern recognition is presented n. Finally, a case and discussed. The study, which compared result illustrates our method is more effective and general, so it is very practical in engineering.

玫瑰花HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的建立玫瑰花HPLC指纹图谱,为其质量评价提供参考。方法采用HPLC,色谱柱为COSMOSIL 5C18-MS-Ⅱ(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以2.5%乙腈+0.1%甲酸+水(A)-乙腈+0.1%甲酸(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温40℃,流速0.5 mL/min,检测波长350 nm。采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统》(2012版)对13批样品进行相似度评价,通过液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)技术进行定性分析,并结合聚类分析、主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘-判别分析对玫瑰花进行整体质量评价。结果建立了玫瑰花HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,13批样品相似度较好,初步鉴定指认其中9个共有峰;化学模式识别将13批样品聚为3类。结论本研究建立的玫瑰花指纹图谱结合化学模式识别方法灵敏度高、专属性强,可为制定玫瑰花的质量评价标准提供依据。

基于扩散模型的联珠团窠纹再生设计研究

生成式人工智能正广泛应用于图像生成领域,为解决传统纹样设计方法创作联珠团窠纹耗时耗力的问题,研究扩散模型应用于联珠团窠纹再生设计的方法。通过对联珠团窠纹艺术结构特征的提取和扩散模型中交叉注意力模块的研究,设计有效的描述文本并重构扩散模型,提出以结构相似度作为参考标准,采用高斯函数确定阈值进行筛选的再生设计方法。主客观评价结果证明了运用重构的扩散模型进行纹样再生设计的可行性。为联珠团窠纹的再生设计提供了新的思路与方法。

南亚热带森林不同林型功能性状分布格局及其驱动机制

植物功能性状能反映植物对环境变化的响应,研究植物功能性状的分布格局有助于揭示群落的构建过程及其内在作用机制。该研究以鼎湖山南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林和沟谷雨林为研究对象,采集并测量了样地中木本植物的12种不同的功能性状,分别以5 m×5 m、10 m×10 m、20 m×20 m的样方为尺度单元,通过计算平均成对性状距离指数来探讨群落中功能性状的分布格局及其驱动机制。结果表明,两个林型的群落中12个功能性状均存在不同程度变异,但功能性状在群落间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。两个林型的群落中功能性状空间分布格局均具有尺度依赖性,但不同尺度的驱动机制有差异,随着空间尺度的增大,山地常绿阔叶林的功能性状空间分布格局主要驱动机制由环境过滤转为扩散限制;沟谷雨林的由环境过滤和相似性限制转为扩散限制,两个林型在20m×20m空间尺度上都是扩散限制。生态位分化和扩散限制综合作用于鼎湖山南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林和沟谷雨林的群落功能性状分布格局的产生及其群落构建过程,二者的贡献作用会随空间尺度发生变化。坡度是影响山地常绿阔叶林功能性状分布格局的最关键地形因子,海拔是影响沟谷雨林的最关键地形因子。

基于模式约束的油层单元智能自动对比方法——以渤海湾盆地史南油田史深100区块加积式地层对比为例

针对基于数据驱动的地层自动对比方法难以适应侧向沉积相变快及地层厚度差异大的油层单元自动对比这一问题,建立基于模式约束的油层单元智能自动对比方法。该方法提出在油层单元自动对比中引入知识驱动,采用地层发育模式约束油层单元自动对比过程,并将地层模式约束思想引入构建的相似性度量机及改进的条件约束动态时间规整算法,实现了对标志层及各油层单元界面的自动对比。渤海湾盆地史南油田史深100区块的应用表明:与人工对比结果相比,该方法标志层识别吻合率高于95.00%,油层单元识别平均吻合率达90.02%;与已有自动对比方法相比,油层单元识别平均吻合率提升约17个百分点,有效提高了油层单元自动对比精度。

复方双花片指纹图谱分析及多指标成分含量测定

目的建立复方双花片指纹图谱并结合化学模式评价质量。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,色谱柱为Shimadzu Wondasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.05%磷酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长0~20 min时为278 nm、20~45 min时为330 nm、45~75 min时为278 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为20μL,建立10批样品的指纹图谱,采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012A版)进行相似度评价,确定共有峰;采用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)技术分析共有峰化学模式,筛选差异性标志物,测定含量。结果建立的指纹图谱共标定23个共有峰;10批样品相似度均大于0.950;共筛选出8个差异性标志物。(R,S)-告依春、绿原酸、咖啡酸、木犀草苷、穿心莲内酯、连翘苷、槲皮素、脱水穿心莲内酯质量浓度分别在12.74~127.42μg/mL、223.98~2239.78μg/mL、25.83~258.33μg/mL、17.42~174.19μg/mL、10.05~100.54μg/mL、20.48~204.84μg/mL、32.66~326.61μg/mL、18.63~186.29μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r>0.9980,n=6);精密度、稳定性、重复性试验结果的RSD均小于2.0%;平均加样回收率分别为101.37%,100.08%,99.36%,102.31%,101.18%,98.46%,99.09%,102.34%,RSD分别为1.39%,2.52%,1.69%,2.22%,2.31%,1.88%,1.64%,1.72%(n=6)。结论所建立的方法简便快速、稳定可行、专属性强,结果准确可靠,可用于复方双花片的质量评价。

图片模糊集的一种相似度量及其在模式识别中的应用

图片模糊集能刻画具有模糊性、不确定性和不一致性的信息,相似度量是刻画两个对象的相似程度。文中研究图片模糊集的相似度量。考虑图片模糊集3个隶属度的信息差,基于指数函数构造出一种新的相似度量。文中提出的相似度量不仅满足相似度量的公理化定义,并且在实际应用中得到合理的计算结果。将相似度量应用到模式识别中,与现存的一些相似度量进行对比分析,结果表明所提出的相似度量不仅可以弥补一些现存相似度量的缺陷,还可以得到合理的计算结果。

Experiments on the influences of well pattern on water flooding characteristics of dissolution vug-cave reservoir

Based on the similarity criterion, volcanic rock samples were taken from outcrops to make experimental models. Water flooding experiments of five-spot well pattern, nine-spot well pattern, five-spot to nine-spot well pattern, the relationship between relative well and fracture positions, and injection rate in dissolution vug-cave reservoirs with/without fractures were carried out to analyze variation regularities of development indexes, find out development characteristics of water flooding with different well patterns and sort out the optimal water flooding development mode. For dissolution vug-cave reservoirs without fractures, five-spot well pattern waterflooding has very small sweeping area, serious water channeling and low oil recovery. When the well pattern was adjusted from five-spot to nine-spot well pattern, oil recovery could be largely improved, but the corner well far from the injector is little affected. In dissolution vug-cave reservoirs with fractures, when the injector and producer are not connected by fractures, the fractures could effectively connect the poorly linked vugs to improve the development effect of water flooding. Whether there are fractures or not in dissolution vug-cave reservoirs, the development effect of nine-spot well-pattern is much better than that of five-spot well pattern and five-spot to nine-spot well pattern, this is more evident when there are fractures, and the edge well has better development indexes than corner well. At the high-water cut stage of water flooding with nine-spot well pattern, the oil recovery can be further improved with staggered line-drive pattern by converting the corner well into injection well. It is helpful to increase the oil production of corner well of nine-spot well pattern by increasing the injection rate, and improve ultimate oil recovery, but the water-free production period would be greatly shortened and water-free recovery would decrease.

研究社会文化变迁的新视角——表征相似性分析:以老年人心理健康为例

在心理学及其他社会科学研究中,社会变迁研究主要使用单维度线性分析方法探索特定心理或行为的变化趋势以及影响社会变迁的潜在因素,缺乏对多维变量内部结构变迁的关注,也难以比较不同尺度的社会变迁现象。本研究将介绍一种从模式角度进行社会变迁研究的方法——表征相似性分析,并以1998~2018年间对中国老年人健康影响因素的纵向追踪数据(CLHLS)与对应时期的社会文化变迁测量为实例,演示如何构建多维度的表征相似性框架,依次介绍多变量单维模式分析[时间、空间、心理与意识空间(Mental space,简称“意间”)]、多变量跨维度模式分析(意间−时间,意间−空间,意间−时间−空间)、跨尺度模式分析(地区−国家)、概念模式分析,以及表征相似性分析与传统方法的耦合分析,随后展望了表征相似性分析的拓展方向。

基于大数据的船舶活动轨迹规律挖掘方法

针对当前船舶轨迹聚类技术存在特征属性研究单一的问题,提出一种基于融合距离的多维度船舶轨迹聚类算法技术,该技术通过加入多个属性特征并采用新的距离度量算法,从时序性和复杂度两方面提出了新的解决思路。在聚类结果基础上,针对缺少轨迹规律特征刻画方法的问题,提出基于局部区域均值的典型轨迹算法技术,通过对各属性进行均值计算,实现同类轨迹集合中轨迹特征的具体描绘。

“相谈”谈话中语言策略的中日对比

为帮助日语学习者掌握和运用日语,也为了向日语会话教育实践提供参考和帮助,有必要从微观的角度,对汉语母语者、日语学习者及日语母语者三类群体的谈话展开的各个构成要素进行对比分析。对比三类群体的相谈谈话中出现的“提出相谈的话段”(A部分)展开模式和“确认回答的小话段”(E部分)的特征,发现关于A部分的展开模式,汉语母语者、日语母语者都偏好使用模式(1),而日语学习者则偏好使用模式(2)。关于E部分的使用特征,汉语母语者和日语学习者在向对方确认回答时,使用的方式较为相似,多采用类型(3),而日语母语者则相对多样化,除类型(3)外,也较多地采用类型(1)和类型(2)。

基于平面赤足足迹轮廓的相似度计算研究

轮廓作为赤足足迹的一个重要特征,在同源与异源赤足足迹的检验鉴定中发挥着重要作用。针对赤足足迹的轮廓特征难以量化的问题提出一种相似度计算方法,以提高检验鉴定的科学性和准确性。首先收集920名志愿者的2120枚赤足足迹样本,经过图像预处理后利用形状上下文算法对赤足足迹脚趾区、跖前缘和跟后缘的轮廓相似度进行计算。借助偏最小二乘判别分析计算三个区域的变量投影重要性,经权重归一化后分别为0.41、0.42和0.17。将3个区域设置权重后计算总体轮廓相似度,在该相似度下同源、异源赤足足迹具有显著差异且模式识别正确率分别为83.0%和100.0%。最终建立了一个赤足足迹相似度评估体系,该体系可对赤足足迹检材与样本之间的相似度进行计算,实现对于同源与异源赤足足迹的有效区分,辅助检验鉴定工作。