Application of Ultrasonic Motor to Control of Moment Gyroscope Gimbal Servo System

Attitude control system is one of the most important subsystems in a spacecraft.As a key actuator,the control moment gyroscope(CMG)mainly determines the performance of attitude control system.Whereas,the control accuracy and output torque smoothness of the CMG depends more on its gimbal servo system.Considering the constraints of size,mass and power consumption for a small satellite,here,a mini-CMG is designed,in which the gimbal servo system is driven by an ultrasonic motor.The good performances of the CMG are obtained by both the ultrasonic motor and the rotary inductosyn.The direct drive of gimbal improves its dynamic performance,with the output bandwidth above 20 Hz.The angular and speed closed-loop control obtains the 0.02°/s gimbal rate,and the output torque resolution better than 2×10^(-3) N·m.The ultrasonic motor provides 1.0N·m self-lock torque during power-off,with 12arc-second position accuracy.

Underactuated spacecraft angular velocity stabilization and three-axis attitude stabilization using two single gimbal control moment gyros

Angular velocity stabilization control and attitude stabilization control for an underactuated spacecraft using only two single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） as actuators is investigated. First of all, the dynamic model of the underactuated spacecraft is established and the singularity of different configurations with the two SGCMGs is analyzed. Under the assumption that the gimbal axes of the two SGCMGs are installed in any direction, and that the total system angular momentum is not zero, a state feedback control law via Lyapunov method is designed to globally asymptotically stabilize the angular velocity of spacecraft. Under the assumption that the gimbal axes of the two SGCMGs are coaxially installed along anyone of the three principal axes of spacecraft inertia, and that the total system angular momentum is zero, a discontinuous state feedback control law is designed to stabilize three-axis attitude of spacecraft with respect to the inertial frame. Furthermore, the singularity escape of SGCMGs for the above two control problems is also studied. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the control laws.

Error analysis and a new steering law design for spacecraft control system using SGCMGs

Based on the singular value decomposition theory,this paper analyzed the mechanism of escaping/avoiding singularity using generalized and weighted singularity-robust steering laws for a spacecraft that uses single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） as the actuator for the attitude control system.The expression of output-torque error is given at the point of singularity,proving the incompatible relationship between the gimbal rate and the output-torque error.The method of establishing a balance between the gimbal rate and the output-torque error is discussed,and a new steering law is designed.Simulation results show that the proposed steering law can effectively drive SGCMGs to escape away from singularities.

Local controllability and stabilization of spacecraft attitude by two single-gimbal control moment gyros

The attitude control problem of a spacecraft underactuated by two single-gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） is investigated. Small-time local controllability （STLC） of the attitude dynamics of the spacecraft-SGCMGs system is analyzed via nonlinear controllability theory. The conditions that guarantee STLC of the spacecraft attitude by two non-coaxial SGCMGs are obtained with the momentum of the SGCMGs as inputs, implying that the spacecraft attitude is STLC when the total angular momentum of the whole system is zero. Moreover, our results indi- cate that under the zero-momentum restriction, full attitude stabilization is possible for a spacecraft using two non-coaxial SGCMGs. For the case of two coaxial SGCMGs, the STLC property of the spacecraft cannot be determined. In this case, an improvement to the previous full attitude stabilizing control law, which requires zero-momentum presumption, is proposed to account for the singu- larity of SGCMGs and enhance the steady state performance. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the new control law.

CMG框架超低速无电流环矢量控制研究

针对控制力矩陀螺框架在超低速工况下存在转速测量精度低、多源扰动力矩及非线性摩擦等问题,提出了基于无电流环矢量控制的超低速驱动控制方法。首先,建立超低速工况下的框架电机的机电模型,设计了无电流环磁场矢量控制器(field-oriented control,简称FOC);其次,针对转速测量精度的问题,设计了转速观测器作为反馈环节。结果表明,与方波驱动法相比,该方法无换相转矩,提高了转速测量精度,且在面对多源扰动、非线性摩擦时具有鲁棒性。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。

SGCMGs驱动的挠性航天器有限时间自适应鲁棒控制

针对挠性航天器系统中同时存在单框架控制力矩陀螺群(Single gimbaled control moment gyroscopes,SGCMGs)摩擦非线性、电磁干扰力矩、惯量摄动以及外部干扰等问题,提出了一种有限时间自适应鲁棒控制(Finite-time adaptive robust control,FTARC)方法.针对系统中存在未知参数的情况,分别设计自适应更新律,使得控制器的设计不依赖参数信息,同时减小外部干扰对系统的不利影响.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了闭环系统姿态角误差和姿态角速度误差可在有限时间内收敛到原点附近的邻域内.仿真结果表明,所提控制律可实现挠性航天器姿态快速机动,并获得甚高指向精度.

悬臂式SGCMG的高速转子的径向振动特性研究

悬臂式单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)的高速转子在运行过程中将会激发复杂的微幅高频振动,迄今对SGCMG的这种振动特性的认识既不准确也不完整。首先,在线性假设的基础上分析了径向振动的来源——静动不平衡量所产生的离心力和力偶以及预紧轴承滚动面的几何误差产生的预紧力的波动;其次,在结构的基础上利用分析力学的方法得到了悬臂式高速转子的径向振动模型——相互耦合的二阶常微分方程组;最后,通过数值仿真和测试结果的对比验证了分析的合理性和模型的有效性。

一种变鲁棒系数的SGCMGs伪逆操纵律

针对五棱锥单框架控制力矩陀螺群(Single gimbaled control moment gyroscopes,SGCMGs)中存在的奇异问题,建立五棱锥构型SGCMGs系统动力学模型,基于双曲正弦函数和分段函数设计鲁棒系数,改进鲁棒伪逆操纵律,使SGCMGs系统在处于奇异状态时,保证框架角速度不为零,从而逃离奇异;在接近奇异状态时迅速避开奇异,在远离奇异状态时更精确地输出期望力矩。通过SGCMGs不同类型力矩输出和挠性航天器大角度姿态机动控制的仿真结果表明,所提SGCMGs操纵律既能够较好地规避奇异状态,又能在远离奇异时精确地输出期望力矩。

基于奇异值分解的SGCMG操纵律分析

基于奇异值分解理论,对航天器姿态控制系统中使用的单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)的操纵律进行了分析和比较研究.借助于奇异值分解方法,分析了各种操纵律逃逸奇异的机理,重点分析了各种操纵律对陀螺构型奇异性、输出力矩误差的影响.通过仿真算例定量地分析与比较了各种操纵律的性能,所得结果可供工程设计人员参考.

一种用于SGCMG奇异规避的CVP轨迹规划

采用单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)作为执行机构的小型敏捷卫星在姿态机动过程中存在着奇异问题。本文从SGCMG姿态控制系统整体出发,将奇异问题转化为状态约束的动态控制问题,基于控制变量参数化(CVP)方法,设计了一种用于SGCMG奇异规避的轨迹规划。该算法在实现小型敏捷卫星大角度姿态机动过程无奇异的基础上,将SGCMG框架角转速的最优轨迹通过CVP方法进行分段线性规划。这种规划策略对框架伺服系统的算法设计无复杂要求,仅需要简单的加减速控制,从而节约了星上资源。在轨迹规划实现过程中,考虑了工程实际中的约束条件,可以按照姿态机动任务要求规划出一条综合考虑能量资源和目标精度的最优轨迹。仿真结果表明:该算法实现了姿态参数轨迹和星体角速度轨迹的平缓变化,目标误差在1×10^(-3)量级,星体在机动过程中运行稳定,SGCMG不会出现奇异现象。

SGCMG高速转子无位置传感器控制

采用无位置传感器控制的单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)高速转子系统可以降低整机复杂度,提高整机可靠性。文章设计了适用于半桥驱动无刷直流电机的反电势位置检测方法和干扰去除方法,无需滤波电路,位置检测精度高。在开环起动阶段,提出了适用于大惯量比负载的"预定位—恒流升频起动—转速估计起动—切换"的四段式起动方法,提高了起动过程的可靠性。通过仿真和试验验证了方法的有效性,实现了SGCMG无位置传感器高速转子系统的高可靠起动和高精度控制。

使用SGCMGs航天器滑模姿态容错控制

基于滑模控制与自适应理论,对使用单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)的刚性航天器的被动姿态容错控制问题进行了研究。首先建立了含有陀螺框架转速故障的系统数学模型。然后将框架转速直接作为控制量并应用滑模控制理论设计了容错控制器,同时控制器中还设计了自适应律对故障信息和干扰进行估计。由此,可在故障和干扰的先验信息未知的情况下,实现对航天器无故障和有故障情况下的姿态稳定控制,且具有较强的鲁棒性。最后,对2种构型单框架控制力矩陀螺群的不同故障模式进行数学仿真,验证了该控制方法的有效性和可行性。

基于指令力矩螺旋式搜索的SGCMG奇异规避方法

针对航天器的控制力矩陀螺群框架构型奇异以及传统奇异规避方法在规避时存在的框架"锁死"问题,本文提出一种基于指令力矩进行螺旋式搜索的控制力矩陀螺奇异规避方法.该方法在鲁棒奇异逆操纵律和零运动操纵律的基础上,引入随奇异度量值自主调节的旋转角和随时间连续变化的旋转轴,让期望力矩通过搜索寻找出逃离奇异状态的方向,来实现奇异规避.仿真结果表明该方法具有良好的奇异规避特性,并能够克服常规奇异规避方法存在的框架"锁死"情况.

采用滑模观测器的SGCMG框架伺服系统研究

针对框架伺服系统中应用的传统机械式角度测量传感器存在增加系统尺寸、重量和成本以及安装传感器会引起系统误差和降低系统可靠性等问题,基于TMS320F28335主控制器和A3PE3000从控制器设计硬件电路进行电信号采集和运算,并提出滑模观测器进行角度估算以替代机械式传感器,角度估算依据硬件电路测得电机绕组中有关精确的电信号,采用建立滑模观测器和基于锁相环算法实现转子位置和速度估算。在Simulink中搭建仿真模型,仿真结果表明,通过滑模观测器估计得到的位置值和速度值在系统运行0.2 s后能够稳定的跟踪上实际值。

姿态机动中SGCMG的一种改进奇异鲁棒操纵律设计

单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)在卫星姿态控制中以其具有大力矩输出能力而受到重视并已成功应用于在轨卫星,其应用难点是构形奇异问题,特别是在快速连续机动的过程中,CMG框架角必须迅速脱离奇异状态.使用描述CMG输出力矩和期望控制力矩夹角的奇异度量方法,以便在仿真中观察判别CMG构形的奇异程度.着重改进CMG的奇异鲁棒操纵律,应用高斯函数的方法确定鲁棒系数.仿真实例表明,与传统的梯度型零运动相比,该方法可以在卫星的连续快速机动中使CMG系统更为迅速地摆脱奇异,更为快速地完成机动并减小姿态抖动.

一种SGCMG系统奇异逃离方法

单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)系统进入奇异后无法提供准确的三轴指令力矩,通过奇异机理分析,设计了一种奇异逃离方案。首先构造新的动态坐标系,在系统进入奇异后,将控制坐标系切换到新的坐标系下,在新的坐标系上放弃一个维度的控制,将系统考虑为平面内的SGCMG冗余控制系统,然后在平面内采用二维零运动使得系统快速逃离奇异状态,当SGCMG系统逃离奇异状态后,再重新接入三维度的控制。仿真结果表明,提出的方法具有很好的奇异逃避效果。

An improved constrained steering law for SGCMGs with DPC

An improved constrained （IC） steering law for single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） with deformed pyramid configuration （DPC） is proposed, First of all, the original system with five pyramid configuration （FPC） whose two adjacent gyros are in failure state is reconfigured as a degraded system with DPC. Then, the singular angular momentum hypersurfaces of the original and the degraded systems are plotted via the singular angular momentum equa- tion of SGCMGs. Based on singular surfaces, the differences between FPC and DPC in singularity and momentum envelope are obtained directly, which provide an important reference for steering law design of DPC. Finally, an IC steering law is designed and applied to DPC. The simulation results demonstrate that the IC steering law has advantages in simplicity of calculation, avoidance of singularity and exactness of output torque, which endow the degraded system with fine controllability in a restricted workspace.

一种基于SGCMG的欠驱动姿态控制方法

针对以单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)为执行机构的卫星,提出分步设计控制律和操纵律来实现欠驱动姿态控制。用两个SGCMG进行三轴控制时,将控制系统分解为控制律设计和操纵律设计两部分,来实现角速度稳定和姿态角稳定。通过卫星姿态动力学方程和运动学方程,分别设计状态反馈控制器和反步法控制器;再进行SGCMG的操纵律设计。结合所设计的控制律和操纵律,能够实现基于SGCMG的欠驱动卫星姿态控制,数学仿真验证了该算法的有效性。

Steering laws analysis of SGCMGs based on singular value decomposition theory

The steering laws of single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） are analyzed and compared in this paper for a spacecraft attitude control system based on singular value decomposition （SVD） theory. The mechanism of steering laws escaping singularity, especially how the steering laws affect singularity of gimbal configuration and the output torque error, is studied using SVD theory. Performance of various steering laws are analyzed and compared quantitatively by simulation. The obtained results can be used as a reference for designers.

一种改进的SGCMGs奇异鲁棒伪逆操纵律算法

以单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)为卫星动量交换机构,基于建立的姿态控制系统与SGCMG系统的动力学模型,设计零动量卫星的PD(比例微分)解耦姿态控制律。为逃避奇异,提出了一种改进的单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)奇异鲁棒伪逆操纵律算法。某航天器姿态控制仿真结果表明:改进算法可避免奇异,算法有效性得以验证。