Application of Single Neuron Adaptive PID Regulators with Auto-tuning Gain in Industrial Parameter(Pressure)Closed-loop Process Control Systems

A type of single neuron adaptive PID regulator with auto-tuning gain is proposed and applied to the work control of fans, waterpumps and air-pressers etc. in Handan Iron & Steel Compel China. The robusthess of induStrial parameter closed-loop process controlsystems is improved, and the work quality of the systems bettered.

Informative Property of the Data Set in a Single-input Single-output (SISO) Closed-loop System with a Switching Controller

Closed-loop identification is important and necessary to various model-based advanced process control strategies, whose performance depends greatly on the informative property of the data set. Switching control is an important method in process control. Therefore, this paper studies the informative property of a data set in a single-input single-output (SISO) closed-loop system with a switching controller. It is proved that this data set is informative if the controller switches among at least two modes (i.e., feedback laws). Our result does not require any assumption on the way of switch and removes the constraints on the switching manner required in some classical literature. Finally, simulation case studies based on a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) process are given to validate the results.

Application of single neuron adaptive PID controller during the process of timber drying

The paper presents a method of using single neuron adaptive PID control for adjusting system or servo system to implement timber drying process control, which combines the thought of parameter adaptive PID control and the character of neural network on exactly describing nonlinear and uncertainty dynamic process organically. The method implements functions of adaptive and self-learning by adjusting weighting parameters. Adaptive neural network can make some output trail given hoping value to decouple in static state. The simulation result indicates the validity, veracity and robustness of the method used in the timber drying process

Fault tolerant control of electric pitch control system based on single current detection

In view of the current sensors failure in electric pitch system,a variable universe fuzzy fault tolerant control method of electric pitch control system based on single current detection is proposed.When there is single or two-current sensor fault occurs,based on the proposed method the missing current information can be reconstructed by using direct current（DC）bus current sensor and the three-phase current can be updated in time within any two adjacent sampling periods,so as to ensure stability of the closed-loop system.And then the switchover and fault tolerant control of fault current sensor would be accomplished by fault diagnosis method based on adaptive threshold judgment.For the reconstructed signal error caused by the modulation method and the main control target of electric pitch system,a variable universe fuzzy control method is used in the speed loop,which can improve the anti-disturbance ability to load variation,and the robustness of fault tolerance system.The results show that the fault tolerant control method makes the variable pitch control system still has ideal control characteristics in case of sensor failure although part of the system performance is lost,thus the correctness of the proposed method is verified.

Pharmacokinetics of Controlled Release and Immediate Release Morphine Sulphate Tablets after a Single Dose and Multiple Doses in Chinese Volunteers

The pharmacokinetics of morphine sulphate was studied in 10 Chinese healthy volunteers after a single oral dose. Blood samples were collected before and after administration of controlled release tablets (CRMS, 30 mg) and immediate release tablets (IRMS, 20 mg). The plasma concentration of morphine was determined by GC MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters of controlled release tablets and immediate release tablets were calculated∶ C max was 19.38±3.80 and 21.27±6.21 ng/ml, t max was 2.36 ±0.37 h and 0.56±0.16 h, t 1/2β was 3.53±0.87 and 3.03±0.74 h, AUC was 145.15±17.65 and 93.08±16.65 ng/ml, respectively. The steady state plasma concentration of morphine sulphate in cancer patients after multiple doses was achieved, C max of CRMS and IRMS was 27.43±0.33 ng/ml and 22.68±0.16 ng/ml, C min of CRMS and IRMS was 19.45±1.44 ng/ml and 18.14±0.49 ng/ml, respectively.

Application of Smith Predictor Based on Single Neural Network in Cold Rolling Shape Control

Flatness is one of the most important criterion factors to evaluate the quality of the steel strip. To improve the strip＇ s flatness quality, the most frequently used methodology is to employ the closed-loop automatic shape control system. However, in the shape control system, the shape-meter is always installed at the down way of the exit of the cold rolling mill and can not sense the changes of the strip flatness in the rolling gap directly. This kind of installation results in the delay of the feedback in the control system. Therefore, the stability and response performance of the system are strongly affected by the delay. At present, there is still no mature way to design controllers for systems with time delay. Although the conventional PID controller used in most practical applications has the capability to compensate the delay, the effect of the compensation is limited, especially for the systems with long time delay. Smith predictor, as a compensator for solving this problem, is now widely used in industry systems. However, the request of highly precise model of the system and the poor adaptive performance to the changes of related parameters limit the application of the Smith predictor in practice. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the Smith predictor, a new Smith predictor based on single neural network PID （SNN-PID） is proposed. Because the single neural network is employed into the Smith predictor to improve the controller＇s self-adaptability, the adaptive capability to the varying parameters of the system is improved. Meanwhile, for the purpose of solving the problems such as time-consuming and complicated calculation of the neural networks in real time, the learning coefficient of neural network is divided into several stages as usually done in expert control system. Therefore, the control system can obtain fast response due to the improved calculation speed of the neural networks. In order to validate the performance of the proposed controller, the experiment is conducted on the shape control system in a 300 mm four-high reversing cold rolling mill. The experimental results show that the SNN-PID with Smith predictor controller can effectively compensate the delay effects and achieve better control performance than the conventional PID controller.

High order single step time delay compensation algorithm for structural active control

The optimal instantaneous high order single step algorithm for active control is first discussed and then, the n+1 time step controlling force vector of the instantaneous optimal algorithm is derived from way of n time state vector. An estimating algorithm, is developed from this to solve the problem of active control with time delay compensation. The estimating algorithm based on this high order single step β method (HSM) foundation, is proven by simulation and experiment analysis, to be a valid solution to problem of active control with time delay compensation.

Underactuated spacecraft angular velocity stabilization and three-axis attitude stabilization using two single gimbal control moment gyros

Angular velocity stabilization control and attitude stabilization control for an underactuated spacecraft using only two single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） as actuators is investigated. First of all, the dynamic model of the underactuated spacecraft is established and the singularity of different configurations with the two SGCMGs is analyzed. Under the assumption that the gimbal axes of the two SGCMGs are installed in any direction, and that the total system angular momentum is not zero, a state feedback control law via Lyapunov method is designed to globally asymptotically stabilize the angular velocity of spacecraft. Under the assumption that the gimbal axes of the two SGCMGs are coaxially installed along anyone of the three principal axes of spacecraft inertia, and that the total system angular momentum is zero, a discontinuous state feedback control law is designed to stabilize three-axis attitude of spacecraft with respect to the inertial frame. Furthermore, the singularity escape of SGCMGs for the above two control problems is also studied. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the control laws.

Use of single chip microcomputer in hydraulic digital adaptive control system

Presents a one grade adaptive controller with one reference model which is built according to δ MRACS adaptive control theory and used to control an actual high order hydraulic system, and the whole hardware system used, which includes a AT89C51 single chip microcomputer, 74Ls373 flip latch, 6116 store, eight bit ADC0809, and so on, and the satisfactory results obtained in study on hydraulic control system.

Improved Interleaved Single-Ended Primary Inductor-Converter forSingle-Phase Grid-Connected System

The generation of electricity based on renewable energy sources,parti-cularly Photovoltaic(PV)system has been greatly increased and it is simply insti-gated for both domestic and commercial uses.The power generated from the PV system is erratic and hence there is a need for an efficient converter to perform the extraction of maximum power.An improved interleaved Single-ended Primary Inductor-Converter(SEPIC)converter is employed in proposed work to extricate most of power from renewable source.This proposed converter minimizes ripples,reduces electromagnetic interference due tofilter elements and the contin-uous input current improves the power output of PV panel.A Crow Search Algo-rithm(CSA)based Proportional Integral(PI)controller is utilized for controlling the converter switches effectively by optimizing the parameters of PI controller.The optimized PI controller reduces ripples present in Direct Current(DC)vol-tage,maintains constant voltage at proposed converter output and reduces over-shoots with minimum settling and rise time.This voltage is given to single phase grid via 1�Voltage Source Inverter(VSI).The command pulses of 1�VSI are produced by simple PI controller.The response of the proposed converter is thus improved with less input current.After implementing CSA based PI the efficiency of proposed converter obtained is 96%and the Total Harmonic Distor-tion(THD)is found to be 2:4%.The dynamics and closed loop operation is designed and modeled using MATLAB Simulink tool and its behavior is performed.

An Adaptive Single Neural Control for Variable Step-Size P&O MPPT of Marine Current Turbine System

Marine current energy has been increasingly used because of its predictable higher power potential.Owing to the external disturbances of various flow velocity and the high nonlinear effects on the marine current turbine(MCT)system,the nonlinear controllers which rely on precise mathematical models show poor performance under a high level of parameters’uncertainties.This paper proposes an adaptive single neural control(ASNC)strategy for variable step-size perturb and observe(P&O)maximum power point tracking(MPPT)control.Firstly,to automatically update the neuron weights of SNC for the nonlinear systems,an adaptive mechanism is proposed to adaptively adjust the weighting and learning coefficients.Secondly,aiming to generate the exact reference speed for ASNC to extract the maximum power,a variable step-size law based on speed increment is designed to strike a balance between tracking speed and accuracy of P&O MPPT.The robust stability of the MCT control system is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theorem.Comparative simulation results show that this strategy has favorable adaptive performance under variable velocity conditions,and the MCT system operates at maximum power point steadily.

Randomized Integral Gain of Pi Current Controller for A Single Pv Inverter System

This paper is concerned with the problem of network power quality when grid connected systems are used to feed the grid. These systems use power electronic components such as inverters that produce harmonics which adversely affect the power quality of the distribution network. Instead of using a conventional PI current controller with a fixed proportional and integral gain, development of new control method is considered to overcome the total harmonic emissions in PV inverters. It considers a modification to the controller where a random integral gain is used in the system. Experimental hardware is developed and result shows a reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output current when tested with a resistive load.

Review of Field Weakening Control Strategies of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Due to high power density,high efficiency,and accurate control performance,permanent magnet synchronous motors(PMSMs)have been widely adopted in equipment manufacturing and energy transformation fields.To expand the speed range under finite DC-bus voltage,extensive research on field weakening(FW)control strategies has been conducted.This paper summarizes the major FW control strategies of PMSMs,which are categorized into calculation-based methods,voltage closed-loop control methods,and model predictive control related methods.The existing strategies are analyzed and compared according to performance,robustness,and execution difficulty,which can facilitate the implementation of FW control.

Research on robust control strategy of single DOF supporting system of MLDSB based on H∞ mixed-sensitivity Method

Because of hydraulic-electromagnetic double supporting forms,the supporting capacity and stiffness of magnetic-liquid double suspension bearing(MLDSB)can be improved sharply and then it is more suitable for medium speed,heavy load and frequent-starting occasions.Due to the multiple uncertainty,such as the coupling,the unmodeled dynamics,the parameter perturbation and the external disturbance perturbation,the robust stability and stiffness of control system of MLDSB are hard to meet the design requirements.Firstly,the structural features and the regulation mechanisms of MLDSB are presented and the radial 4-DOF kinetic equations are established.Secondly,the influence factors of the control system's coupling on unbalanced vibration caused by the deviation of the rotor center of mass are revealed,and then the weighting function of suppressing the unbalanced vibration can be obtained.Finally,H∞ controller of MLDSB is designed with H∞ mixed-sensitivity method,and the control performances of H∞ controller is compared with the state feedback controller.The simulation results show that single degree of freedom(DOF)supporting system of MLDSB with H∞ controller has good robust stability,stiffness and the ability to suppress unbalanced external disturbances.This study can provide the theoretical reference for stabilized suspension and control of MLDSB.

Geometric Analysis of Singularity for Single-Gimbal Control Moment Gyro Systems

This research is focused on the singularity analysis for single-gimbal control moment gyros systems （SCMGs） which include two types, with constant speed （CSCMG） or variable speed （VSCMG） rotors. Through angular momentum hypersurfaces of singular states, the passable and impassable singular points are discriminated easily, meanwhile the information about how much the angular momentum workspace as well as the steering capability available is provided directly. It is obvious that the null motions of steering laws are more effective for the five pyramid configuration（FPC） than for the pyramid configuration（PC） from the singular plots. The possible degenerate hyperbolic singular points of the preceding configurations are calculated and the distinctness of them is denoted by the Gaussian curvature. Furthermore, failure problems to steer integrated power and attitude control system （IPACS） are also analyzed. A sufficient condition of choosing configurations of VSCMGs to guarantee the IPACS steering is given. The angular momentum envelops of VSCMGs, in a given energy and a limited range of rotor speeds, are plotted. The connection and distinctness between CSCMGs and VSCMGs are obtained from the point of view of envelops.

An Intelligent Single Adaptive Neuron Controller Based on Pattern Recognition

The trajectory of the controlled system in phase space has been investigated, and different learning methods are applied to the single adaptive neuron controller according to the pattem of the control system. The advantage of the controller presented has been shown by simulation of a satellite attitude stability control system.

Studies on the Mechanism of Single Basal Application of Controlled-Release Fertilizers for Increasing Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

This paper was to explore the mechanism of single basal application of controlled-release fertilizers for increasing yield of rice （Oryza sativa L.）. Pot trials and cylinder trials were carried out from 2002 to 2005 to study the influences of single basal application of 3 controlled-release fertilizers on the changes of soil available N, root development, senescence and lodging resistance at late growth stages. Results showed that at 30 days after fertilization, single basal application of controlled-release fertilizers coated with vegetal-substance （CRF1） and polymer materials （CRF3） increased soil available N to 12.0 and 147.9%, respectively, in comparison to split fertilization of rice-specific fertilizer （RSF1）. Treatments of the two CRFs obviously benefited the development of root system, resulting in greater rice root weights with extensive distribution and higher root activity. In addition, the two CRF treatments, in comparison to RSF1, enhanced chlorophyll consents of the flag leaves to 9.5 and 15.5%, and soluble protein up to 89.7 and 108.0% respectively. Application of the two CRFs also made the base of rice stems strong and large, declined the proportion of shoot and root, increased root depth index. Though relatively low K rate, single basal application of the CRF3 coated with NH4MgPO4 could also promote the development of root system, enhance root activity and some physiological functions of flag leaves. Based on these results, it was concluded that major mechanisms for increasing rice yield by single basal application of the CRFs should be attributed to grater soil available N supply, superior development of root systems, better nutrient absorption capacity, slower senescence and enhancement of lodging resistance at late stages.

Improved single-neuron PID controller for DC motor applied in robot system

An improved single-neuron proportional integral derivative （ PID ） controller and a new method to build the DC motor system were presented in the article. In the simulation, the robot arm is considered as an external load to DC motor. Both the motor module and the load module are crea- ted in Simulink to achieve simulation results closer to real robot system. In this way, it can well veri- fy the performance of the improved single-neuron PID controller, which is a combined controller of normal PID controller and single-neuron PID controller. Besides, an intelligent switcher can help to realize the function of choosing a better control algorithm according to motor＇ s velocity output. Sim- ulated results confirm the rapid and stable response of the improved PID controller. Moreover, the improved single-neuron PID controller has an excellent ability to overcome the load impact and su- press the jamming signals. At last, a GUI interface platform is built to make the controller easier to be applied in other robot systems.

SF VECTOR CONTROL SYSTEM WITH TWO SINGLE CHIP MICROPROCESSORS

This paper introduces a SF vector control system of a slip frequency controlled induction mo-tor with simple structure,fair performance and convenient operation.It is realized by two singlechip microprocessors and fed from SPWM-GTR inverter.The whole system is combined by twosubsystems,both of them are 8031 single chip microprocessors.The communication between themis coordinated by the full duplex serial port within the chip and ask-and-answer communicationmanner.The error-corrected means adopted has improved the operation reliability of the system.A series of experimental results on a 3 kW induction motor are given at the end of this paper.

A single adaptive controller with one variable for synchronization of fractional-order chaotic systems

In this paper we investigate the synchronization of a class of three-dimensional fractional-order chaotic systems. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory and adaptive control technique, a single adaptive-feedback controller is developed to synchronize a class of fractional-order chaotic systems. The presented controller which only contains a single driving variable is simple both in design and in implementation. Numerical simulation and circuit experimental results for fractional-order chaotic system are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.