Simulation realization of skip cycle mode integrated control circuit in the switching power supply with low standby loss

This paper explores and proposes a design solution of an integrated skip cycle mode （SCM） control circuit with a simple structure. The design is simulated and implemented with XD10H-1.0μm modular DIMOS 650 V process. In order to meet the requirement of a wide temperature range and high yields of products, the schematic extracted from the layout is simulated with five process corners at 27℃ and 90℃. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed integrated circuit is immune to noise and achieves skipping cycle control when switching mode power supply （SMPS） works with low load or without load.

High-power High-efficient and Simplified High-frequency Switching Power Supply for Electrolytic Plating

针对大功率电解电镀开关电源的输入整流级引起的无功和谐波等电能质量问题,研究了一种基于高效PWM整流的高频开关电源。该电源前级整流器仅用4个开关管来进行PWM整流,后级采用半桥逆变器进行高频变换,显著减少了开关数量。针对三相四开关PWM整流器,推导一种基于开关模型的无差拍控制方法,该方法可实现系统的快速、无差整流。针对多台开关电源的并联均流问题,提出一种基于虚拟阻抗的自均流控制方法,可实现多台电源的均流稳定运行。通过仿真与实验验证了所提结构和控制方法的正确性。

Reducing the minimum output power of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies

The full-bridge zero-voltage and zero-current switching inverter, which can adjust the output power by keeping the duty-cycle of lagging arm constant, changing the duty-cycle of leading arm, is a common circuit topology of soft-switching inverter arc welding power supplies. However, the output power still remains a certain value when the duty-cycle of leading arm decreases to zero. The working-mode of soft-switching inverter and the waveforms of major parameters with the condition of duty-cycle of leading arm being zero are studied in this paper. U-1 characteristic experiments prove that the minimum output power of soft-switching circuit, which depends on the charged voltage of capacitors in parallel with leading arm, can be decreased by reducing the duty-cycle of lagging arm. By switching working-modes between half-bridge and full-bridge, the output power can swing from zero to the power rating.

Air-Water Cooling System for Switch-Mode Power Supplies

The results are presented of an experimental investigation of heat transfer in an air-liquid cooling system for a Switch-Mode Power Supply (SMPS) for TV digital power amplifiers. Since these SMPSs are characterized by high power and high compactness, thereby making the standard cooling techniques difficult to be used, a new cooling system is developed, using water and air as the cooling media. The active components (MOSFETs) are cooled with a liquid cold-plate, the passive ones (condensers, transformers, coils) with an air flow, in turn cooled by the cold-plate. By inserting the cooling system in an experimental tool where it is possible to control the cooling water, measurements are made of temperature in the significant points of the SMPS. The electric efficiency is also measured. The evaluation of the thermal performance of this cooling system is useful in order to limit its maximum operational temperature. The efficacy of the cooling system is demonstrated;the trends of efficiency and power dissipation are evidenced.

Analysis of Switching Overvoltage in Regional Grid with Small Hydropower Plants

Present-day small hydropower plants (SHPs) have a large development potential because of the increasing interest in renewable resources and distributed energy generation, therefore, there are many SHPs in places of China where are rich in water resources. However, it has caused overvoltages in the distribution network, and which is even worse for the switching overvoltage such as isolated network operation, changing power supply path. The simple network model is used to analyze the reasons of the switching overvoltage, and the simulation software DIgSILENT/PowerFactory is used to check out the results of the theoretical analysis.

A Study of High-Power Thyristor Switch of Poloidal-Field Power Supply System in HT-7U Super-Conductive Tokamak

Through theoretical analysis of thyristor switch, criterion of turn-off was derived for the design of thyristor switch. The expression of parameter design and its math model during the turn-off were deduced. The simulation and experiment have been accomplished to validate the analysis.

Study on a Highly Stabilized Power Supply for Hybrid-Magnet Superconducting Outsert

The superconducting outsert of the 40 T hybrid-magnet in High Magnetic Field Laboratory （HMFL） of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） requires a highly stabilized power supply. In this paper, two kinds of power supply design are briefly presented and both advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. In order to overcome the drawbacks of switching power supply, a series regulated active filter is adopted and a new design is proposed which ensures cooperative relationship between the feedback control loops of the switching converter and the series regulated active filter. Besides, unlike the traditional switching power supply, which can generate positive voltage only, this new design can also generate negative voltage which is needed in the quench protection for the superconducting magnet. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology, a low-power prototype has been accomplished. The simulation and experiment results show that the power supply achieves high precision under the combined action of two feedback control loops. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the output ripple voltage of the prototype is 0.063%, while the peak-to-peak amplitude of the output ripple current is 120 ppm.

Development of 8 MW Power Supply Based on Pulse Step Modulation Technique for Auxiliary Heating System on HL-2A

The high voltage power supply （HVPS） based on pulse step modulation （PSM） has already been developed for the auxiliary heating system on HL-2A. This power supply consists of many switch power supplies, and its output voltage can be obtained by modulating their delay time and pulse widths. The PSM topology and control principle are presented in this paper. The simple algorithms for the control system are explained clearly. The switch power supply （SPS） module has been built and the test results show it can meet the requirements of the auxiliary heating system. Now, 112 SPS modules and the whole system have already been developed. Its maximum output is about 72 kV/93 A. The protection time is less than 5 t＊s. The different outputs of this power supply are used for the electron cyclotron resonant heating （ECRH） system with different duty ratios. The experimental results of the entire system are presented. The results indicate that the whole system can meet the requirements of the auxiliary heating system on HL-2A.

The Design and Application of Intelligent Power Supply System of Integrated Meteorological Business at the County Level

The system uses Japanese Mitsubishi PLC as the main control core,and intermediate relay is used for signal acquisition and conversion.The system is mainly composed of data processing module,municipal electricity monitoring module,wireless communication module,remote controller,speech recognition module,display module,sensor,switching output module and UPS power supply. The system can automatically start generator for power supply when municipal electricity is failure; when municipal electricity returns to normal,it automatically restores the power supply function of municipal electricity. In order to improve the stability of the system,the system has the functions of fault alarm,remote reset and remote query,etc.,which can realize seamless switching of municipal electricity and generator. It effectively avoids meteorological data loss,data delay,network interruption,etc. caused by unstable municipal electricity,solves the power supply problem of grass-roots meteorological station,especially at night,provides stable power supply for the integrated meteorological observation,forecasting,and early warning service.

A Novel Method of Auxiliary Power Supply Used in Wide-Range High Voltage Input DC-DC Converter

In high voltage input DC-DC converter, auxiliary winding of isolation transformer is usually used to supply power for control circuit. Due to the wide-range of input voltage, the variable output voltage of auxiliary winding will cause a series of problems, such as variable drive pulse amplitude, increased driver switching devices loss and drive transformer core saturation. This paper analyzes the influence of variable output voltage of auxiliary winding in detail. A novel method is proposed to solve the problem of large variation range of auxiliary winding output voltage, which is adding a buck converter between the auxiliary winding and the control circuit. A dual switch forward convert has been designed with 300 V - 800 V input and 24 V/5 A output. The results show that this method is effective by comparing the different results of using buck converter or not.

Design of Power Supply for On-line Monitoring System of Transmission Lines

This paper uses CT to gain the energy directly from the high-voltage transmission line, to address the problem of power supply for monitoring system in high voltage side of transmission line. The draw-out power coil can induce voltage from the transmission line, using single-chip microcomputer to analog and output PMW wave to control the charging module, provides a stable 3.4 V DC voltage to the load, and solve the problem of easy saturating of core. The power supply based on this kind of draw-out power coil has undergone the overall testing, and it is verified-showing that it can properly work in a non-saturated status within the current range of 50 - 1000 A, and provide a stable output. The equipment also design protection circuit to improve the reliability to avid the impacts of the impulse current or short-circuit current. It effectively solves the problem of power supply for On-line Monitoring System of Transmission.

A Novel Half-Bridge Power Supply for High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining

High Speed Drilling Electrical Discharge Machining (HSDEDM) uses controlled electric sparks to erode the metal in a work-piece. Through the years, HSDEDM process has widely been used in high speed drilling and in manufacturing large aspect ratio holes for hard-to-machine material. The power supplies of HSDEDM providing high power applica-tions can have different topologies. In this paper, a novel Pulsed-Width-Modulated (PWM) half-bridge HSDEDM power supply that achieves Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) for switches and Zero-Current-Switching (ZCS) for the dis-charge gap has been developed. This power supply has excellent features that include minimal component count and inherent protection under short circuit conditions. This topology has an energy conservation feature and removes the need for output bulk capacitors and resistances. Energy used in the erosion process will be controlled by the switched IGBTs in the half-bridge network and be transferred to the gap between the tool and work-piece. The relative tool wear and machining speed of our proposed topology have been compared with that of a normal power supply with current limiting resistances.

Grid-Connected Emergency Back-Up Power Supply

This paper documents design and modeling of a grid-connected emergency back-up power supply for medium power applications. Back-up power supplies are very important in regard to support electrical loads in the events of grid power outage. However, grid-integration of a back-up power supply substantiates continual power transfer to the loads, especially to the critical loads, which should not suffer from power interruptions. Therefore, design and circuit modeling of switching converters based reliable grid-tied emergency back-up power supply are presented in this paper. There are a rectifier-link boost derived battery charging circuit and a 4-switch push-pull power inverter circuit which are controlled by high frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. This paper presents a state averaging model and Laplace domain transfer function of the charging circuit and a switching converter model of the power inverter circuit. A changeover relay based transfer switch controls the power flow towards the utility loads. During off-grid situations, loads are fed power by the proposed inverter circuit and during on-grid situations, battery is charged by an ac-link rectifier-fed boost converter. However, there is a relay switching circuit to control the charging phenomenon of the battery. The proposed design is simulated in PLECS and the simulation results corroborate the reliability of the presented framework.

Design and Simulation of a Electrorheological(ER) Control High Voltage Power Supply

Few applications with electrorheological （ER） fluids have been found in industry. One reason is high voltage power supplies cannot meet the requirement for ER effect. In this paper, an ER control high voltage power supply for engineering application was designed which reduced power wastage by adopting soft switch technology; lessened its volume to satisfy micromation when adopting the planar transformer and improved its response character- istic by choosing an assistant discharging circuit. Simultaneously, a simulation analysis has been carried out. As results, the output voltage of this high voltage power supply is 5 kV, and the voltage can be continuously regulated and the voltage ripple is only 0. 7 %, so the requirement of stability is also achieved.

Design and Implementation of Smart Power Voltage and Frequency Synchroniser in Power Distribution System

Voltage and frequency are usually considered and assessed independently in the design and operation of electrical networks. However, these two are linked. Each and every malfunctioning electrical system has an impact on both voltage and frequency. This paper presents the opportunity for monitoring the distributed electrical energy by means of a system that monitors, controls, and provides a breakpoint based on high or low voltage and frequency tripping mechanism that avoids any damage to the load. The designed system comprised a switch mode power supply (SMPS), a direct digital synthesizer (DDS), and PIC16F876A microcontroller techniques for stable voltage and frequency outputs. Proteus design suite version 8.11 software and Benchcope SDS1102CN were used for modeling and simulation. The hardware prototype was implemented at a telecom cell site for data capturing and analysis. Test results showed that the implementation of the prototype provided stable and constant outputs of 222 V/50 Hz and 112 V/60 Hz which constituted 99% and 99.8% efficiency for voltage and frequency performance respectively. The paper also discusses different technologies that can be adopted by the system to mitigate voltage and frequency effects on customer appliances.

一种低延时低功耗PWM比较器电路设计

设计了一种基于HHGrace 0.35μm BCD工艺的低延时低功耗电压型静态脉冲宽度调制(Pulse Width Modulation,PWM)比较器,主要应用于高频低功耗的开关电源系统。设计中包含动态尾电流源和改进型正反馈放大器,以改进传统跨导放大器(Operational Transconductance Amplifier,OTA)型比较器高延迟和高功耗等问题。仿真结果表明:在1.2~5.0 V供电电压范围内稳定工作,最大上升沿延时35 ns,最大下降沿延时41 ns,支持6 MHz开关频率的系统,比较精度8 mV,失调电压439μV,静态功耗仅为2.5μA(1.2 V供电)和4.4μA(5.0 V供电)。

分立式开关电源系统抗震性能的振动台试验研究

开关电源是通信机楼和通信基站中最重要的设备之一,相当于机楼和基站内供电系统的“心脏”,若在地震作用下发生功能失效将导致通信机楼和基站完全停止工作。开关电源的抗震性能研究是通信系统抗震韧性评估研究的基础。本文以通信机楼内常用的分立式开关电源系统为研究对象,通过振动台试验研究其在地震下的特征损伤模式、损伤发展过程以及其供电功能在地震作用下的变化等。试验过程中为了模拟开关电源在通信机楼中的实际使用状态,为开关电源连接了380 V电压输入和一台模拟负载,组成了一个完整的用电系统。试验中台面激励采用了1条人工地震动、1条天然地震动和1条正弦拍波,逐步增大台面PGA直至振动台位移超限停止试验。从试验结果看:当PGA达到1.0 g时电源柜开始损伤,表现为柜门与主框架磨损掉漆,PGA在1.2~1.5 g时,电源柜顶部连接松动,面板连接螺丝松动,螺栓孔发生冲切破坏,PGA达到2.0 g时,试验结束,电源柜的主体未发生严重破坏,交流柜与直流柜前门轴变形;另外即使在较大PGA下,正弦拍波也无法对电源柜激起较大位移而造成破坏。试验过程中电气信号始终稳定,该开关电源柜抗震性能良好。

机载雷达开关电源新型防浪涌电路设计

针对机载雷达开关电源防浪涌电路在瞬态频繁开关机情况下失效率高的问题,研究了一种新型防浪涌电路。通过将栅源驱动电路和主功率充放电回路分离,分别对两个充放电时间常数独立设计,消除相关性,实现开关电源在瞬态频繁开关机状况下的有效防冲击保护。文中对常规和新型两种防浪涌电路进行了对比分析,仿真和试验结果证明了新型防浪涌电路的有效性。该电路同时具备输入防反接功能,已广泛应用于机载雷达开关电源设计。

隧道牵引分区所雷击暂态特性及其二次设备电磁兼容研究

牵引供电系统遭受雷击会在分区所内产生过电压与过电流,对分区所开关柜中二次设备产生瞬态电磁干扰,影响其正常运行。文中针对电气化铁路隧道分区所,建立雷击暂态仿真模型,计算了接触网不同位置遭受雷击时分区所的过电压与过电流,建立了27.5 kV开关柜的电磁场有限元仿真模型,分析开关柜中不同区域的瞬态电场、磁场分布。结果表明:雷击接触网会在分区所内产生幅值较大、频率较高的过电压与过电流,在其作用下开关柜低压室瞬态电场可达147.2 V/m、瞬态磁场可达1.3 kA/m,断路器室前壁处瞬态电场可达822.9 kV/m、瞬态磁场可达15.85 kA/m,超过标准规定的幅值,二次设备需要考虑相应的电磁屏蔽措施。论文结果对牵引供电系统雷击过电压/电流防护以及二次设备电磁兼容设计具有参考价值。