The period of the minerals resource construction items is very long,which af- fected largely by the changeable market.The discontinuance evalution theory and content of construction item about the resource used up and...The period of the minerals resource construction items is very long,which af- fected largely by the changeable market.The discontinuance evalution theory and content of construction item about the resource used up and economic evalution theories of the invest were brought forward from the two aspects of the resource using value and the in- come rate.展开更多
目的制定阿哌沙班临床应用合理性评价标准(以下简称“标准”),为规范其合理使用提供依据。方法汇总国内外阿哌沙班相关的临床指南及权威文献,并结合药品说明书形成“标准”。回顾性收集河南省人民医院2019年1月至2021年12月使用阿哌沙...目的制定阿哌沙班临床应用合理性评价标准(以下简称“标准”),为规范其合理使用提供依据。方法汇总国内外阿哌沙班相关的临床指南及权威文献,并结合药品说明书形成“标准”。回顾性收集河南省人民医院2019年1月至2021年12月使用阿哌沙班的住院患者病例,根据“标准”对其适应证、用法用量、给药时机、相互作用、桥接转换等进行分析。结果系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普等数据库后,对最终纳入的11篇文献进行汇总分析,形成“标准”。纳入完整病例815份,用药合理率69.69%(568/815),使用科室主要集中在骨科(688/815,84.42%)。不合理病例数共计247例,按频数进行统计,实际发生频数共计259次,包括不适宜的超说明书用药96次(37.07%),给药频次不合理87次(33.59%),给药剂量不合理28次(10.81%),存在禁忌的药物相互作用31次(11.97%),给药时机不合理7次(2.70%),抗凝转换不合理6次(2.32%),禁忌证用药4次(1.54%)。结论住院患者阿哌沙班的临床使用现状与“标准”存在一定差距,主要集中在不适宜的超说明书用药、给药频次和给药剂量不合理。临床药师应及时关注阿哌沙班循证医学证据和临床指南的更新,积极参与药物管理,进一步规范阿哌沙班的临床应用。展开更多
To address the serious pollution of heavy metals in AMD,the difficulty and the high cost of treatment,Fe_(3)O_(4)-L was prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method.Based on the single-factor and RSM,the effects o...To address the serious pollution of heavy metals in AMD,the difficulty and the high cost of treatment,Fe_(3)O_(4)-L was prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method.Based on the single-factor and RSM,the effects of particle size,total Fe concentration,the molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)and water bath temperature on the removal of AMD by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared by chemical co-precipitation method were analyzed.Static adsorption experiments were conducted on Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)using Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared under optimal conditions as adsorbents.The adsorption properties and mechanisms were analyzed by combining SEM-EDS,XRD and FTIR for characterization.The study showed that the effects of particle size,total Fe concentration and the molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)are larger.Obtained by response surface optimization analysis,the optimum conditions for the preparation of Fe_(3)O_(4)-L were a particle size of 250 mesh,a total Fe concentration of 0.5 mol/L,and a molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)of 1:2.Under these conditions,the removal rates of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Pb^(2+)were 94.52%,88.49%,and 96.69%respectively.The adsorption of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared under optimal conditions reached equilibrium at 180 min,with removal rates of 99.99%,85.27%,and 97.48%,respectively.The adsorption reaction of Fe_(3)O_(4)-L for Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+)is endothermic,while that for Pb^(2+)is exothermic.Fe_(3)O_(4)-L can still maintain a high adsorption capacity after five cycles of adsorption-desorption experiments.Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)mainly exist as CuFe_(2)O_(4),Zn(OH)2,ZnFe_(2)O_(4)and PbS after being adsorbed by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L,which is the result of the combination of physical diffusion,ion exchange and surface complexation reaction.展开更多
文摘The period of the minerals resource construction items is very long,which af- fected largely by the changeable market.The discontinuance evalution theory and content of construction item about the resource used up and economic evalution theories of the invest were brought forward from the two aspects of the resource using value and the in- come rate.
文摘目的制定阿哌沙班临床应用合理性评价标准(以下简称“标准”),为规范其合理使用提供依据。方法汇总国内外阿哌沙班相关的临床指南及权威文献,并结合药品说明书形成“标准”。回顾性收集河南省人民医院2019年1月至2021年12月使用阿哌沙班的住院患者病例,根据“标准”对其适应证、用法用量、给药时机、相互作用、桥接转换等进行分析。结果系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方和维普等数据库后,对最终纳入的11篇文献进行汇总分析,形成“标准”。纳入完整病例815份,用药合理率69.69%(568/815),使用科室主要集中在骨科(688/815,84.42%)。不合理病例数共计247例,按频数进行统计,实际发生频数共计259次,包括不适宜的超说明书用药96次(37.07%),给药频次不合理87次(33.59%),给药剂量不合理28次(10.81%),存在禁忌的药物相互作用31次(11.97%),给药时机不合理7次(2.70%),抗凝转换不合理6次(2.32%),禁忌证用药4次(1.54%)。结论住院患者阿哌沙班的临床使用现状与“标准”存在一定差距,主要集中在不适宜的超说明书用药、给药频次和给药剂量不合理。临床药师应及时关注阿哌沙班循证医学证据和临床指南的更新,积极参与药物管理,进一步规范阿哌沙班的临床应用。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41672247)Liaoning Province’s“Program for Promoting Liaoning Talents”(XLYC1807159)+1 种基金the Discipline Innovation Team of Liaoning Technical University(LNTU20TD-21)the Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJKZ0324).
文摘To address the serious pollution of heavy metals in AMD,the difficulty and the high cost of treatment,Fe_(3)O_(4)-L was prepared by the chemical co-precipitation method.Based on the single-factor and RSM,the effects of particle size,total Fe concentration,the molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)and water bath temperature on the removal of AMD by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared by chemical co-precipitation method were analyzed.Static adsorption experiments were conducted on Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)using Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared under optimal conditions as adsorbents.The adsorption properties and mechanisms were analyzed by combining SEM-EDS,XRD and FTIR for characterization.The study showed that the effects of particle size,total Fe concentration and the molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)are larger.Obtained by response surface optimization analysis,the optimum conditions for the preparation of Fe_(3)O_(4)-L were a particle size of 250 mesh,a total Fe concentration of 0.5 mol/L,and a molar ratio of Fe^(2+)to Fe^(3+)of 1:2.Under these conditions,the removal rates of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Pb^(2+)were 94.52%,88.49%,and 96.69%respectively.The adsorption of Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L prepared under optimal conditions reached equilibrium at 180 min,with removal rates of 99.99%,85.27%,and 97.48%,respectively.The adsorption reaction of Fe_(3)O_(4)-L for Cu^(2+)and Zn^(2+)is endothermic,while that for Pb^(2+)is exothermic.Fe_(3)O_(4)-L can still maintain a high adsorption capacity after five cycles of adsorption-desorption experiments.Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)and Pb^(2+)mainly exist as CuFe_(2)O_(4),Zn(OH)2,ZnFe_(2)O_(4)and PbS after being adsorbed by Fe_(3)O_(4)-L,which is the result of the combination of physical diffusion,ion exchange and surface complexation reaction.
