Long-Pulse Single-Frequency All-Fiber Amplifier

In this paper, we report a high power long-pulse single-frequency all-fiber amplifier at 1064 nm with near-diffraction-limited beam quality based on a polarization-maintaining tapered Yb-doped fiber (T-YDF). By applying square wave pulse modulation to the diodes, with a frequency of 50 Hz and a pulse width of 668 μs, the peak power of the output laser reached 257 W with an average power of 8.65 W, linewidth of 10.6 kHz and M2 < 1.5. .

A Single-Frequency Linearly Polarized Fiber Laser Using a Newly Developed Heavily Tm3+-Doped Germanate Glass Fiber at 1.95 μm

A compact linearly polarized, low-noise, narrow-linewidth, single-frequency fiber laser at 1950nm is demonstrated. This compact fiber laser is based on a 21-mm-long homemade Tm3＋-doped germanate glass fiber. Over 100-mW stable continuous-wave single transverse and longitudinal mode lasing at 195Ohm are achieved. The measured relative intensity noise is less than -135dB/Hz at frequencies over 5 MHz. The signal-to-noise ratio of the laser is larger than 72dB, and the laser linewidth is less than 6kHz, while the obtained linear polarization extinction ratio is higher than 22 dB.

Simultaneously Suppressing Low-Frequency and Relaxation Oscillation Intensity Noise in a DBR Single-Frequency Phosphate Fiber Laser

Effective multiple optoelectronic feedback circuits for simultaneously suppressing low-frequency and relaxation oscillation intensity noise in a single-frequency phosphate fiber laser are demonstrated. The forward transfer function, which relates the laser output intensity to the pump modulations, is measured and analyzed. A custom two-path feedback system operating at different frequency bands is designed to adjust the pump current directly. The relative intensity noise is decreased by 20dB from 0.2 to 5kHz and over lOdB from 5 to lOkHz. The relaxation oscillation peak is suppressed by 22dB. In addition, a long term （24h） laser instability of less than 0.05% is achieved.

Low noise,continuous-wave single-frequency 1.5-μm laser generated by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator

We report a low noise continuous-wave （CW） single-frequency 1.5-μm laser source obtained by a singly resonant optical parametric oscillator （SRO） based on periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN）. The SRO was pumped by a CW single-frequency Nd：YVO4 laser at 1.06μm. The 1.02 W of CW single-frequency signal laser at 1.5 μm was obtained at pump power of 6 W. At the output power of around 0.75 W, the power stability was better than ±l.5% and no mode-hopping was observed in 30 min and frequency stability was better than 8.5 MHz in 1 min. The signal wavelength could be tuned from 1.57 to 1.59 μm by varying the PPLN temperature. The 1.5-μm laser exhibits low noise characteristics, the intensity noise of the laser reaches the shot noise limit （SNL） at an analysis frequency of 4 MHz and the phase noise is less than 1 dB above the SNL at analysis frequencies above 10 MHz.

A 3-kHz Er:YAG single-frequency laser with a‘triple-reflection’configuration on a piezoelectric actuator

A novel Er:YAG laser system operating at 1645 nm with high pulse-repetition-frequency(PRF)of kHz level is demonstrated.A ring cavity with double gain medium end-pumped by two fiber lasers is utilized to obtain high pulse energy.A novel‘triple-reflection’configuration on a piezoelectric actuator(PZT)is adopted to achieve high-repetition-rate at 3-kHz operation with the ramp-fire locking method.Single frequency pulses with maximum average power of 18.3 W at 3 kHz are obtained,and the pulse duration time is 318 ns.The full line width at half maximum(FWHM)of the pulses measured by the heterodyne technique is 1.71 MHz at 3 kHz.To the best of our knowledge,this is the highest PRF single-frequency laser pulses achieved based Er:YAG gain medium.

Stable continuous-wave single-frequency intracavity frequency-doubled laser with intensity noise suppressed in audio frequency region

We demonstrated a continuous wave(cw) single-frequency intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YVO_4/LBO laser with 532 nm output of 7.5 W and 1.06 μm output of 3.1 W, and low intensity noise in audio frequency region.To suppress the intensity noise of the high power 532 nm laser, a laser frequency locking system and a feedback loop based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer were designed and used.The influences of the frequency stabilization and the crucial parameters of the MZI, such as the power splitting ratio of the beam splitters and the locking state of the MZI, on the intensity noise of the 532 nm laser were investigated in detail.After the experimental optimizations, the laser intensity noise in the frequency region from 0.4 kHz to 10 kHz was significantly suppressed.

On ionosphere-delay processing methods for single-frequency precise-point positioning

In single-frequency precise-point positioning of a satellite,ionosphere delay is one of the most important factors impacting the accuracy. Because of the instability of the ionosphere and uncertainty of its physical properties, the positioning accuracy is seriously limited when using a precision-limited model for correction. In order to reduce the error, we propose to introduce some ionosphere parameter for real-time ionosphere-delay estimation by applying various mapping functions. Through calculation with data from the IGS（ International GPS Service） tracking station and comparison among results of using several different models and mapping functions, the feasibility and effectiveness of the new method are verified.

A 330-W single-frequency retrievable multi-tone monolithic fiber amplifier

A single-frequency retrievable phase modulated multi-tone fiber amplifier is presented in theory and demonstrated in experiment. A multi-tone seed laser generated by a sine wave phase modulated single-frequency laser is employed for stimulated Brillouin scattering suppression in an all-fiber amplifier. A demodulation signal which is π phase shifted with respect to the modulation signal is used to retrieve the single-frequency laser from the multi-tone laser. In experiment, we first optimize the all-fiber master-oscillator power-amplifier. With this amplifier, we demonstrate a single-frequency retrievable multi-tone laser with 330-W output when driven by the multi-tone seed, while the ultimate output power is only 130 W when driven by the single-frequency laser. Then, we carry out an experiment for retrieving the single-frequency laser from the amplified multi-tone laser. Results indicate that the single-frequency laser can be retrieved with a sideband suppression of more than 20 dB. Retrieving an even higher power single-frequency laser is possible if a high power demodulator is available.

An Efficient Single-Frequency Yb-Doped All-Fiber MOPA Laser at 1064.3 nm

An efficient narrow=linewidth single-frequency （SF） Yb-doped all-fiber master oscillator power amplifier （MOPA） laser operating at 1064.3 nm is demonstrated experimentally. A ring cavity SF fiber laser is used as the seed source for the MOPA system and the Yb-doped fibers are employed as the gain medium or the saturable absorber. The SF operation is observed to be stable without mode hopping. The highest output power of 266 mW is obtained under the 400row pump power with the corresponding slope efficiency of 66.2-. The Hnewidth of the amplified output laser is approximately I kHz and its optical signal-to-noise ratio is over 45 dB.

Stochastic Analysis of Low-Cost Single-Frequency GPS Receivers

Typically, dual-frequency geodetic grade GNSS receivers are utilized for positioning applications that require high accuracy. Single-frequency high grade receivers can be used to minimize the expenses of such dual-frequency receivers. However, user has to consider the resultant positioning accuracy. Since the evolution of low-cost single-frequency (LCSF) receivers is typically cheaper than single-frequency high grade receivers, it is possible to obtain comparable positioning accuracy if the corresponding observables are accurately modelled. In this paper, two LCSF GPS receivers are used to form short baseline. Raw GPS measurements are recorded for several consecutive days. The collected data are used to develop the stochastic model of GPS observables from such receivers. Different functions are tested to determine the best fitting model which is found to be 3 parameters exponential decay function. The new developed model is used to process different data sets and the results are compared against the traditional model. Both results from the newly developed and the traditional models are compared with the reference solution obtained from dual-frequency receiver. It is shown that the newly developed model improves the root-mean-square of the estimated horizontal coordinates by about 10% and improves the root-mean-square of the up component by about 39%.

Single-frequency distributed Bragg reflector Tm:YAG ceramic derived all-glass fiber laser at 1.95 μm

A 135 mW single-frequency distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser at 1.95μm was obtained based on a Tm:YAG ceramic-derived all-glass fiber.The fiber laser achieved an optical signal-to-noise ratio of~77 d B.Moreover,the threshold and linewidth of the single-frequency laser were measured to be 15.4 mW and 4.5 kHz,respectively.In addition,the measured relative intensity noise was less than-140 d B·Hz^(-1)at frequencies of over 10 MHz.The results show that the as-drawn Tm:YAG ceramic-derived all-glass fiber is highly promising for~2μm single-frequency fiber laser applications.

Development of an injection-seeded single-frequency laser by using the phase modulated technique

An injection-seeded single-frequency Q-switched Nd：YAG laser is accomplished by using a phase modulated rampfire technique. A RbTiOPO4（RTP） electro-optic crystal is selected for effective optical path length modulation of the slave self-filtering unstable resonator. This single-frequency laser is capable of producing 50 m J pulse energy at 1 Hz repetition rate with a pulse width of 16 ns. The standard deviation of laser pulse intensity for consecutive 100 shots from the mean pulse intensity is less than 1.05%. A spectral linewidth of less than 0.5 pm with a frequency jitter of about 14 fm over30 min is obtained.

Influence on the Lifetime of ^(87)Rb Bose-Einstein Condensation for Far-Detuning Single-Frequency Lasers with Different Phase Noises

We study the influence of the phase noises of far detuning single frequency lasers on the lifetime of Bose-Einstein condensation（BEC）of^（87）Rb in an optical dipole trap.As a comparison,we shine a continuous-wave singlefrequency Ti：sapphire laser,an external-cavity diode laser and a phase-locked diode laser on BEC.We measure the heating and lifetime of BEC in two different hyperfine states：｜F=2,m_F=2〉and｜F=1,m_F=1〉.Due to the narrow linewidth and small phase noise,the continuous-wave single-frequency Ti：sapphire laser has less influence on the lifetime of^（87）Rb BEC than the external-cavity diode laser.To reduce the phase noise of the external-cavity diode laser,we use an optical phase-locked loop for the external-cavity diode laser to be locked on a Ti：sapphire laser.The lifetime of BEC is increased when applfying the phase-Jocked diode laser in contrast with the external-cavity diode laser.

Single-frequency upconverted laser generation by phase summation

The phase summation effect in sum-frequency mixing process is utilized to avoid a nonlinearity obstacle in the power scaling of single-frequency visible or ultraviolet lasers.Two single-frequency fundamental lasers are spectrally broadened by phase modulation to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber amplifier and achieve higher power.After sum-frequency mixing in a nonlinear optical crystal,the upconverted laser returns to single frequency due to phase summation,when the phase modulations on two fundamental lasers have a similar amplitude but opposite sign.The method was experimentally proved in a Raman fiber amplifier-based laser system,which generated a power-scalable sideband-free single-frequency 590 nm laser.The proposal manifests the importance of phase operation in wave-mixing processes for precision laser technology.

High-power 1560 nm single-frequency erbium fiber amplifier core-pumped at 1480 nm

High-power continuous-wave single-frequency Er-doped fiber amplifiers at 1560 nm by in-band and core pumping of a 1480 nm Raman fiber laser are investigated in detail.Both co-and counter-pumping configurations are studied experimentally.Up to 59.1 W output and 90%efficiency were obtained in the fundamental mode and linear polarization in the co-pumped case,while less power and efficiency were achieved in the counter-pumped setup for additional loss.The amplifier performs indistinguishably in terms of laser linewidth and relative intensity noise in the frequency range up to 10 MHz for both configurations.However,the spectral pedestal is raised in co-pumping,caused by cross-phase modulation between the pump and signal laser,which is observed and analyzed for the first time.Nevertheless,the spectral pedestal is 34.9 dB below the peak,which has a negligible effect for most applications.

Laser diode pumped high-energy single-frequency Er:YAG laser with hundreds of nanoseconds pulse duration

We demonstrated a high-energy single-frequency erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Er:YAG)laser.With1470 nm laser diodes(LDs)as pumping sources,single-frequency laser pulses with energy of 28.6 m J,21.6 m J,and 15.0 m J are obtained at pulse repetition frequency of 200 Hz,300 Hz,and 500 Hz,respectively.As far as we know,this is the highest single-frequency pulse energy with the Er:YAG gain medium.With the ring cavity design,pulse duration is maintained at hundreds of nanoseconds.This high-energy single-frequency laser with hundreds of nanoseconds pulse duration is a prospective laser source for light detection and ranging applications.

Laser-diode-pumped 1319-nm monolithic non-planar ring single-frequency laser

Single-frequency 1319-nm laser was obtained by using a laser-diode-pumped monolithic Nd:YAG crystal with a non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO). When the NPRO laser was pumped by an 800-um fiber coupled laser diode, the output power of the single-frequency 1319-nm laser was 220 mW, and the slope efficiency was 16%. With a 100-um fiber coupled diode laser pumped, 99-mW single-frequency 1319-nm laser was obtained with a slope efficiency of 29%.

Space debris laser ranging with a 60 W single-frequency slab nanosecond green laser at 200 Hz

Space debris laser ranging was achieved with a 60 W, 200 Hz, 532 nm nanosecond slab, single-frequency green laser at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory's 60 cm satellite laser ranging systern. There were 174 passes of space debris measured in 2017, with the minimum radar cross section (RCS) being 0.25 m2 and the highest ranging precision up to 13.6 cm. The RCS of space debris measured with the farthest distances in 174 passes was analyzed. The results show that the farthest measurement distance (R) and RCS (S) were fitted to R = 1388.159S024312, indicating that this laser can measure the distance of 1388.159 km at an RCS of 1 m2, which is very helpful to surveillance and research on low-Earth-orbit space debris.

1 kHz single-frequency, injection-seeded Er:YAG laser with an optical feedback

A novel 1 kHz single-frequency, Q-switched Er-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Er:YAG) laser pumped by a 1470 nm laser diode is demonstrated. The 500 ns, 5.52 mJ single-frequency, diffraction-limited pulses are obtained by using a ‘ramp-fire' injection-seeding technique and an optical feedback architecture. The full width at half-maximum of the pulse spectrum is measured to be 1.47 MHz by using the heterodyne technique. The beam quality M2 factors are measured to be 1.18 and 1.24 in the x and y directions, respectively.

Highly efficient H-β Fraunhofer line optical parametric oscillator pumped by a single-frequency 355 nm laser

A highly efficient laser system output at the H-13 Fraunhofer line of 486.1 nm has been demonstrated. A high pulse energy single-frequency hybrid 1064 nm master oscillator power amplifier was frequency-tripled to achieve 355 nm laser pulses, which acted as the pmnp source of the beta barium borate nanosecond pulse optical para- metric oscillator. With pump energy of 190 mJ, the laser system generated a maximum output of 62 mJ blue laser pulses at 486.1 nm, corresponding to conversion efficiency of 32.6%. The laser spectrum width was measured to be around 0.1 ran, being in conformity with the spectrum width of the solar Fraunhofer line.