The quantitative estimation of amikacin （AMK） in AMK sulfate injection samples is reported using FTIR-derivative spectrometric method in a continuous flow system. Fourier transform of mid-IR spectra were recorded wi...The quantitative estimation of amikacin （AMK） in AMK sulfate injection samples is reported using FTIR-derivative spectrometric method in a continuous flow system. Fourier transform of mid-IR spectra were recorded without any sample pretreatment. A good linear calibration （r40.999, %RSDo 2.0） in the range of 7.7-77.0 mg/mL was found. The results showed a good correlation with the manufacturer＇s and overall they all fell within acceptable limits of most pharmacopoeial monographs on AMK sulfate.展开更多
BACKGROUND Insulin injection is the basic daily drug treatment for diabetic patients.AIM To evaluate the comparative impacts of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII).METHODS Based on the treatment modality re...BACKGROUND Insulin injection is the basic daily drug treatment for diabetic patients.AIM To evaluate the comparative impacts of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII).METHODS Based on the treatment modality received,the patients were allocated into two cohorts:The CSII group and the multiple daily injections(MDI)group,with each cohort comprising 210 patients.Comparative assessments were made regarding serum levels of serum-secreted frizzled-related protein 5,homocysteine,and C1q/TNF-related protein 9.Furthermore,outcomes such as fasting plasma glucose,2-hour postprandial glucose levels,pain assessment scores,and the incidence of complications were evaluated post-treatment.RESULTS The CSII group displayed notably lower fasting plasma glucose and 2-h postprandial glucose levels in comparison to the MDI group(P<0.05).Subsequent analysis post-treatment unveiled a significantly higher percentage of patients reporting no pain in the CSII group(60.00%)in contrast to the MDI group(36.19%)(P<0.05).Additionally,the CSII group exhibited a markedly reduced occurrence of fetal distress and premature rupture of membranes compared to the MDI group(P<0.05).However,there were no significant variances observed in other pregnancy outcomes between the two groups(P>0.05).A statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the incidence of complications between the groups(χ^(2)=11.631,P=0.001).CONCLUSION The utilization of CSII via an insulin pump,as opposed to MDI,can significantly enhance the management of insulin administration in patients with GDM by diversifying the sites of insulin delivery.This approach not only promotes optimal glycemic control but also regulates metabolic factors linked to blood sugar,reducing the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes and complications.The clinical relevance and importance of CSII in GDM management highlight its wide-ranging clinical usefulness.展开更多
Loss of volume in midface can result in an aged, wasted appearance. Osseous and fat atrophy with aging may further contribute to the loss of soft tissue support and midface ptosis. In the aging of periorbital area and...Loss of volume in midface can result in an aged, wasted appearance. Osseous and fat atrophy with aging may further contribute to the loss of soft tissue support and midface ptosis. In the aging of periorbital area and midface, fat atrophy occurs mostly in the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) area. The authors proposed that injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler to support the SOOF area could counteract the aging sign due to fat atrophy, restore volume loss and achieve a more youthful appearance. The authors described the treatment of 10 female patients who received CHAP<sup></sup><sup>®</sup>-particle hyaluronic acid (CHAP<sup>®</sup>-HA) injections for cheek augmentation, using single-point deep injection technique at midface in close proximity to SOOF area. Such approach provides satisfactory cheek augmentation results without significant complications. The authors discussed a rationale for their choice of dermal filler and provided an injection technique for restoring volume in the midface region with CHAP<sup>®</sup>-HA. Such technique is relatively quick to perform, have little down time, and result in a high rate of patient satisfaction.展开更多
The study on the fluid flow, meniscus oscillation, slag entrapment in continuous casting mould was conducted mathematically and experimentally. The results show that the injection of argon into submerged nozzle enhan...The study on the fluid flow, meniscus oscillation, slag entrapment in continuous casting mould was conducted mathematically and experimentally. The results show that the injection of argon into submerged nozzle enhances the meniscus oscillation, thus increases the probability of slag entrapment, and the critical argon blowing flow rate, which will give rise to slag entrapment, is around 10l/min. The trajectory of bubble is affected by the bubble diameter and the molten steel flow, and the bubble diameter is dominant. The bubble with diameter 1.4mm floats fastest with 0.47m/s terminal velocity.展开更多
Background: Skin reactions and musculoskeletal injuries caused by intramuscular injection are an increased risk for skin and soft tissue infections and may culminate in sepsis. Objective: To describe the history of an...Background: Skin reactions and musculoskeletal injuries caused by intramuscular injection are an increased risk for skin and soft tissue infections and may culminate in sepsis. Objective: To describe the history of an elderly patient who developed a lesion in her right arm after home administration of intramuscular iron injection in this arm and its outcome. Methods: This is a case report of a patient who participated in a study in an intensive care unit. Results: This study describes a 65-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities who was admitted to the hospital complaining of pain for two months and difficulty in moving her right shoulder associated with skin and soft tissue infections in her right arm after intramuscular iron administration by a relative for the treatment of multifactorial anemia and refractory melena. The patient worsened her general condition and was transferred to the intensive care unit. Despite the therapy instituted, the patient developed sepsis of cutaneous origin, multiple organ dysfunction, and death. Conclusions: The administration of intramuscular medication requires the participation of qualified professionals, such as nurses, mainly within the scope of the Brazilian public health system which commonly comprises patients in a context of vulnerability.展开更多
HIV and AIDS has continued to be a major public health concern, and hence one of the epidemics that the world resolved to end by 2030 as highlighted in sustainable development goals (SDGs). A colossal amount of effort...HIV and AIDS has continued to be a major public health concern, and hence one of the epidemics that the world resolved to end by 2030 as highlighted in sustainable development goals (SDGs). A colossal amount of effort has been taken to reduce new HIV infections, but there are still a significant number of new infections reported. HIV prevalence is more skewed towards the key population who include female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who inject drugs (PWID). The study design was retrospective and focused on key population enrolled in a comprehensive HIV and AIDS programme by the Kenya Red Cross Society from July 2019 to June 2021. Individuals who were either lost to follow up, defaulted (dropped out, transferred out, or relocated) or died were classified as attrition;while those who were active and alive by the end of the study were classified as retention. The study used density analysis to determine the spatial differences of key population attrition in the 19 targeted counties, and used Kilifi county as an example to map attrition cases in smaller administrative areas (sub-county level). The study used synthetic minority oversampling technique-nominal continuous (SMOTE-NC) to balance the datasets since the cases of attrition were much less than retention. The random survival forests model was then fitted to the balanced dataset. The model correctly identified attrition cases using the predicted ensemble mortality and their survival time using the estimated Kaplan-Meier survival function. The predictive performance of the model was strong and way better than random chance with concordance indices greater than 0.75.展开更多
Compared with traditional isobaric combustion,continuous rotating detonation(CRD)has been theoretically proved to be a more efficient combustion mode with higher thermal cycle efficiency.However,the realization and st...Compared with traditional isobaric combustion,continuous rotating detonation(CRD)has been theoretically proved to be a more efficient combustion mode with higher thermal cycle efficiency.However,the realization and stable operating of liquid kerosene detonation is still a challenge.As a major component of kerosene pyrolysis products after regenerative cooling,ethylene is a transitional hydrocarbon fuel from kerosene to hydrogen and it is worth studying.In this paper,a series of 2 D numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of the injection nozzle on the ethylene-air CRD.Three geometrical parameters of the nozzle are thoroughly tested including the distance between two neighboring nozzle centers,the nozzle exit width,and the slant angle of the nozzle.The results show that an ethylene-air detonation wave is realized and it propagates stably.A small distance between two neighboring nozzle centers is conducive to improving the strength of the CRD wave and leads to greater feedback pressure into the plenum.As the nozzle exit width increases,the strength of the CRD wave and the feedback pressure into the plenum both increase.The CRD wave propagation velocity is greatly improved and the feedback pressure into the plenum is significantly reduced when the slant angle of the nozzle is positive.By contrast,a sizeable reduction in velocity is found when the angle is negative.The co-rotating two-wave propagation mode is observed when the angle is 30°,and the highest CRD propagation velocity and the lowest feedback pressure are both obtained when the angle is 60°.展开更多
The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the feasibility and oil recovery efficiency of continuous N_(2) injection in a multi-well fractured-cavity reservoir.In this study,the similar criterion of physica...The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the feasibility and oil recovery efficiency of continuous N_(2) injection in a multi-well fractured-cavity reservoir.In this study,the similar criterion of physical simulation was firstly discussed.In order to reveal the mechanism of remaining oil startup and production performance characteristic by continuous N_(2) injection,a visualized twodimensional fractured-cavity model and a three-dimensional pressure resistant model were designed and fabricated respectively based on the similar theory.And the 2D visualized physical experiments and 3D physical experiments were performed with the simulated oil and brine reservoir samples in Tahe oilfield.Four groups of experiments in 2D and 3D model were performed,each of which included bottom water depletion driving,water injection and N_(2) injection.The 2D visualized experiments indicated the main mechanism of N_(2) developing remaining oil was to occupy the high position and replace the attic oil due to gravitational differentiation.Furthermore,both the 2D and 3D experiments demonstrated that higher oil recovery factor could be achieved if N_(2) was injected through high positional wells.The 3D physical model is closer to the real reservoir condition,so the production performance can reflect the real field production process.This paper confirmed the efficiency of continuous N2 flooding in the light oil saturated fractured-cavity reservoir.展开更多
基金the CDCHTA of the University of Los Andes for providing financial support through several approved projectsthe National Fund for Science, Technology and Innovation (FONACIT) of Venezuelan Ministry of Science and Technology for providing financial support, SPE 112–370 and Project G-2005000641
文摘The quantitative estimation of amikacin （AMK） in AMK sulfate injection samples is reported using FTIR-derivative spectrometric method in a continuous flow system. Fourier transform of mid-IR spectra were recorded without any sample pretreatment. A good linear calibration （r40.999, %RSDo 2.0） in the range of 7.7-77.0 mg/mL was found. The results showed a good correlation with the manufacturer＇s and overall they all fell within acceptable limits of most pharmacopoeial monographs on AMK sulfate.
文摘BACKGROUND Insulin injection is the basic daily drug treatment for diabetic patients.AIM To evaluate the comparative impacts of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII).METHODS Based on the treatment modality received,the patients were allocated into two cohorts:The CSII group and the multiple daily injections(MDI)group,with each cohort comprising 210 patients.Comparative assessments were made regarding serum levels of serum-secreted frizzled-related protein 5,homocysteine,and C1q/TNF-related protein 9.Furthermore,outcomes such as fasting plasma glucose,2-hour postprandial glucose levels,pain assessment scores,and the incidence of complications were evaluated post-treatment.RESULTS The CSII group displayed notably lower fasting plasma glucose and 2-h postprandial glucose levels in comparison to the MDI group(P<0.05).Subsequent analysis post-treatment unveiled a significantly higher percentage of patients reporting no pain in the CSII group(60.00%)in contrast to the MDI group(36.19%)(P<0.05).Additionally,the CSII group exhibited a markedly reduced occurrence of fetal distress and premature rupture of membranes compared to the MDI group(P<0.05).However,there were no significant variances observed in other pregnancy outcomes between the two groups(P>0.05).A statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the incidence of complications between the groups(χ^(2)=11.631,P=0.001).CONCLUSION The utilization of CSII via an insulin pump,as opposed to MDI,can significantly enhance the management of insulin administration in patients with GDM by diversifying the sites of insulin delivery.This approach not only promotes optimal glycemic control but also regulates metabolic factors linked to blood sugar,reducing the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes and complications.The clinical relevance and importance of CSII in GDM management highlight its wide-ranging clinical usefulness.
文摘Loss of volume in midface can result in an aged, wasted appearance. Osseous and fat atrophy with aging may further contribute to the loss of soft tissue support and midface ptosis. In the aging of periorbital area and midface, fat atrophy occurs mostly in the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) area. The authors proposed that injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler to support the SOOF area could counteract the aging sign due to fat atrophy, restore volume loss and achieve a more youthful appearance. The authors described the treatment of 10 female patients who received CHAP<sup></sup><sup>®</sup>-particle hyaluronic acid (CHAP<sup>®</sup>-HA) injections for cheek augmentation, using single-point deep injection technique at midface in close proximity to SOOF area. Such approach provides satisfactory cheek augmentation results without significant complications. The authors discussed a rationale for their choice of dermal filler and provided an injection technique for restoring volume in the midface region with CHAP<sup>®</sup>-HA. Such technique is relatively quick to perform, have little down time, and result in a high rate of patient satisfaction.
文摘The study on the fluid flow, meniscus oscillation, slag entrapment in continuous casting mould was conducted mathematically and experimentally. The results show that the injection of argon into submerged nozzle enhances the meniscus oscillation, thus increases the probability of slag entrapment, and the critical argon blowing flow rate, which will give rise to slag entrapment, is around 10l/min. The trajectory of bubble is affected by the bubble diameter and the molten steel flow, and the bubble diameter is dominant. The bubble with diameter 1.4mm floats fastest with 0.47m/s terminal velocity.
文摘Background: Skin reactions and musculoskeletal injuries caused by intramuscular injection are an increased risk for skin and soft tissue infections and may culminate in sepsis. Objective: To describe the history of an elderly patient who developed a lesion in her right arm after home administration of intramuscular iron injection in this arm and its outcome. Methods: This is a case report of a patient who participated in a study in an intensive care unit. Results: This study describes a 65-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities who was admitted to the hospital complaining of pain for two months and difficulty in moving her right shoulder associated with skin and soft tissue infections in her right arm after intramuscular iron administration by a relative for the treatment of multifactorial anemia and refractory melena. The patient worsened her general condition and was transferred to the intensive care unit. Despite the therapy instituted, the patient developed sepsis of cutaneous origin, multiple organ dysfunction, and death. Conclusions: The administration of intramuscular medication requires the participation of qualified professionals, such as nurses, mainly within the scope of the Brazilian public health system which commonly comprises patients in a context of vulnerability.
文摘HIV and AIDS has continued to be a major public health concern, and hence one of the epidemics that the world resolved to end by 2030 as highlighted in sustainable development goals (SDGs). A colossal amount of effort has been taken to reduce new HIV infections, but there are still a significant number of new infections reported. HIV prevalence is more skewed towards the key population who include female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM), and people who inject drugs (PWID). The study design was retrospective and focused on key population enrolled in a comprehensive HIV and AIDS programme by the Kenya Red Cross Society from July 2019 to June 2021. Individuals who were either lost to follow up, defaulted (dropped out, transferred out, or relocated) or died were classified as attrition;while those who were active and alive by the end of the study were classified as retention. The study used density analysis to determine the spatial differences of key population attrition in the 19 targeted counties, and used Kilifi county as an example to map attrition cases in smaller administrative areas (sub-county level). The study used synthetic minority oversampling technique-nominal continuous (SMOTE-NC) to balance the datasets since the cases of attrition were much less than retention. The random survival forests model was then fitted to the balanced dataset. The model correctly identified attrition cases using the predicted ensemble mortality and their survival time using the estimated Kaplan-Meier survival function. The predictive performance of the model was strong and way better than random chance with concordance indices greater than 0.75.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51776220 and 91541103)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China。
文摘Compared with traditional isobaric combustion,continuous rotating detonation(CRD)has been theoretically proved to be a more efficient combustion mode with higher thermal cycle efficiency.However,the realization and stable operating of liquid kerosene detonation is still a challenge.As a major component of kerosene pyrolysis products after regenerative cooling,ethylene is a transitional hydrocarbon fuel from kerosene to hydrogen and it is worth studying.In this paper,a series of 2 D numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of the injection nozzle on the ethylene-air CRD.Three geometrical parameters of the nozzle are thoroughly tested including the distance between two neighboring nozzle centers,the nozzle exit width,and the slant angle of the nozzle.The results show that an ethylene-air detonation wave is realized and it propagates stably.A small distance between two neighboring nozzle centers is conducive to improving the strength of the CRD wave and leads to greater feedback pressure into the plenum.As the nozzle exit width increases,the strength of the CRD wave and the feedback pressure into the plenum both increase.The CRD wave propagation velocity is greatly improved and the feedback pressure into the plenum is significantly reduced when the slant angle of the nozzle is positive.By contrast,a sizeable reduction in velocity is found when the angle is negative.The co-rotating two-wave propagation mode is observed when the angle is 30°,and the highest CRD propagation velocity and the lowest feedback pressure are both obtained when the angle is 60°.
基金The authors wish to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.51174216)State Key Science&Technology Project of China(NO.2011ZX05009-004 and NO.2011ZX05052)for their financial support to carry out this research.The insightful and constructive comments of the anonymous reviewers are also gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The purpose of this experimental study is to evaluate the feasibility and oil recovery efficiency of continuous N_(2) injection in a multi-well fractured-cavity reservoir.In this study,the similar criterion of physical simulation was firstly discussed.In order to reveal the mechanism of remaining oil startup and production performance characteristic by continuous N_(2) injection,a visualized twodimensional fractured-cavity model and a three-dimensional pressure resistant model were designed and fabricated respectively based on the similar theory.And the 2D visualized physical experiments and 3D physical experiments were performed with the simulated oil and brine reservoir samples in Tahe oilfield.Four groups of experiments in 2D and 3D model were performed,each of which included bottom water depletion driving,water injection and N_(2) injection.The 2D visualized experiments indicated the main mechanism of N_(2) developing remaining oil was to occupy the high position and replace the attic oil due to gravitational differentiation.Furthermore,both the 2D and 3D experiments demonstrated that higher oil recovery factor could be achieved if N_(2) was injected through high positional wells.The 3D physical model is closer to the real reservoir condition,so the production performance can reflect the real field production process.This paper confirmed the efficiency of continuous N2 flooding in the light oil saturated fractured-cavity reservoir.
