中西诠释学与佛教中国化一一记班班多杰教授与洪汉鼎先生的对话(上)

This is a detailed record and academic summary of the dialogues between Prof.Banbar Dorje School of Philosophy and Religious Studies of Central Minzu University and Prof.Hong Handing,a prestigious scholar in the hermeneutics of Philosophy regarding Chinese and Western hermeneutics and sinicization of Buddhism in the Chinese context.The main focuses of the dialogues include the differences and connection between the hermeneutics in the Western Philosophy and that of in Chinese study of Confucian classics,the meeting point and internal connection of Chinese-Western hermeneutics and the sinicization of Buddhism in the Chinese context,the intersection between the relationship of the classical texts and explanatory texts in the philosophical hermeneutics and"I annotate the Six Classics,the Six Classics annotate me"and the interpreter is more skillful than the original author"in Chinese classics,the similarities and differences between the"foresight","fusion ofperspectives",and"historical effects"of philosophical hermeneutics and"interpretation","proper use of stimulate the menstrual flow",and"Borrowing from the past to learn from the present",the ontological turn of philosophical hermeneutics with language as the principle line reveals the profound objectives of sinicization of foreign Buddhism in the Sino-Tibetan translation.

Muslim Identity in Contemporary China Through the Lens of Chinese Nationalism

This article focuses on the concept of Chinese nationalism as a building and unifying tool of the nation.The Uyghurs are taken as a Muslim representative ethnic group in China as its forced Sinicization is the focus of global discussion,and the contention between the Uyghurs and the China state has become an international problem and a political headache for Beijing.This primarily Muslim group is one of the most numerous ethnic minorities in China,and has been affected by the assimilation policies adopted by the Chinese authorities with the purpose of strengthening the Chinese nation-state.The rise of national spirit in Chinese youth is unquestionable.Nation building has succeeded in almost all provinces.Only in a few of them does the state have to launch special educational and ideological programs,and sometimes resort to coercion to be successful.The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the Chinese nation building project is not complete despite the great efforts of the authorities.

珍珠黄杨DNA的提取方法比较及ISSR反应体系的优化

为从珍珠黄杨幼叶中提取高质量的总DNA,比较了1%CTAB、2%CTAB、4%CTAB和1.5%SDS4种DNA提取方法。结果表明:2%CTAB提取的DNAA260/A280值最好,ISSR-PCR扩增效果最佳,是有效提取珍珠黄杨基因组DNA的方法。并在此基础上,以(CT)8G为引物,采用单因素实验法,确立了适合珍珠黄杨的ISSR-PCR反应体系:在总体积20μL的反应体系中,含30ngDNA模板,2.0mmol/LMg2+,0.30μmol/L引物,0.20mmol/LdNTPs,1UTaq酶。

Research Through Unearthed Epitaphs:The Tuyuhun People’s Sinicization During the Northern Dynasties

In the middle and late Northern Wei Dynasty,Tuyuhun people gradually entered political field of Central Plains Dynasty,and cultural merging came with the interaction of the crowd.Although Tuyuhun Kingdom located in the northwestern area,Tuyuhun people’s epitaphs whose unearthed places were known so far were all found in the Central Plains,which shows that Tuyuhun was closely linked with the Central Plains Dynasty in politics and culture.Taking epitaph of Tuyuhun Ji as the center,this thesis analyzes the political and cultural phenomenon reflected in the epitaph,on the basis of reorganizing his genealogy and official career.At the same time,combining with unearthed epigraphs of other Tuyuhun people in the Northern Dynasties,the thesis analyzes the sinicization elements in the cognitive identity of tomb owners and their images reflected in inscriptions,and further discusses the transformation of the concepts of national,ethnic,and cultural identity of Tuyuhun people who lived in the Central Plains.

SWOT Analysis on the Sinicization of Montessori’s Children Education

The ideology teaching of Montessori education is a scientific view for children due to the comprehensive education contents and operational teaching methods.There are similarities of educational thoughts between Montessori and ancient Chinese.These are the conducive results of the further spreading of Montessori education in China.However,Montessori education overemphasized in freedom of thoughts and ignored the limitations of the game which neglected the role of educators.There are still many challenges in the process of combining Montessori education with China's national conditions due to the deviation of understanding and the impact of other educational thoughts.In the grasping needs of time for development,through the SWOT analysis on the sinicization of Montessori education combining with the national conditions in China,it is necessary to play the role of game actively by selecting appropriate educational content and strengthening the cultivation of Montessori educator in teaching Montessori education to further develop the children education industry in China.

Sinicization of Indic Loanwords in Chinese Language: Foreignization to domestication

Indic loanwords in Chinese language account for the largest number of loanwords in Mandarin Chinese.These loanwords have become an important integral part of the lexicon of Chinese language and throughout decades have undergone assimilation,semantic extension and phonological adaptation.The present study is an investigation into the modes,levels and history of Sinicization of Indic loanwords in Chinese language.Fundamentally,it is evident from the literature and historical accounts that Sinicization of these loanwords is a process from foreignization to domestication.Native-Chinese doctrines and philosophies,essentially Taoism and Confucianism have had multifaceted influences on the Sinicization process which has resulted in semantic extension,semantic change or total diminution of original meaning.While less used high culture-sensitive loanwords have completely disappeared from modern Chinese,loanwords of higher Sinicization level have completely secularized.It is observed that foreignized loanwords have very less tendency of being absorbed into modern Chinese and many such terms have been excluded in modern Chinese dictionaries.

On the Characteristics and Laws of the Sinicization of Marxism

As a scientific theory, Marxist theory plays an important guiding role. The achievements over the years have proved that only by connecting it with the reality of our country can it be understood and used by our people and become a weapon to guide people’s actions. Therefore, it is of positive significance to grasp its general laws on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the Sinicization of Marxism. The report of the 19th CPC National Congress pointed out that at present, China is in a new stage, and new opportunities and problems have emerged. In order to solve these problems and promote China’s development, we must give play to the guiding role of theory in practice, guide education with the Sinicization of Marx, and realize the further upgrading of education.

Innovation of Chinese Discourse in the Context of Reform and Opening Up

Through reform and opening up,China has moved from the edge of the world arena to the center and this great historical change in its development has created new requirements for the innovation of Chinese discourse.The remarkable achievements of reform and opening up have not only maintained the vitality of Chinese discourse,but also built the inherent foundation for holding confidence in discourse.The key reason why the policy of reform and opening up has facilitated the historic construction of Chinese discourse is that it is a scientific answer to the questions of our times about how to build socialism in a country relatively backward in the level of economy and education.In a new era for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the innovations and development of Chinese discourse have shown new features rarely seen before,among which the most significant is that constructing Chinese discourse is no longer a matter of individual cases but more of a common phenomenon.In the historic journey towards an all-round in-depth reform,broader theoretical space has been created for Chinese discourse.In addition,it is an important signpost in the path of promoting innovative development of Chinese discourse in a new era,namely,how to"tell China’s stories well",and establish an appropriate mode for conveying Chinese discourse to the world.

Fostering a Strong Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation and the Chinafication of Tibetan Buddhism

The objective of fostering a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation is to establish the Chinese national identity,which is the symbol of a modern nation-state,for all Minzu in China;and the precondition of it is to define"China"and"Chinese people"with preciseness.For that sake,we must abolish both Han chauvinism and narrow-minded local ethnic chauvinism,and reaffirm the staunch belief that all 56 Minzu are inseparable parts of the Chinese nation and that all people of these 56 Minzu are Chinese people.To adapt Tibetan Buddhism to the Chinese context is not to sinicize Tibetan Buddhism,but to adapt it to the requirement for the development and progress of the Chinese nation in a new era,as well as to make it a fantastic catalyst for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.For the sake of it,we will not only make Tibetan Buddhism a crucial part of Chinese Buddhism,but also include Han and Tibetan Buddhism as the most important identity of Chinese Buddhism,so as to integrate Tibetan Buddhism,Han Buddhism,and Theravada Buddhism inside China and strengthen a sense of community for Chinese nation in China's Buddhist community,which will serve as an important part of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.

从白话译本到浅文理译本——施约瑟两个《雅歌》中译本的比较研究

近二个世纪以来,《雅歌》(又译《所罗门歌》)的汉译经过了近百年的漫长历程,其翻译主体既有传教士也有后来的女性译者。他们依据希伯来语、拉丁语、英语等版本,使用过文言(深文理,High Wenli)、浅文言(浅文理,Easy Wenli)、白话(Vernacular)、方言(Dialect)和现代汉语(Modern Chinese)等语体;采纳直译(literal translation)、意译(literary translation)、编译(compilation)或某种程度上的文学改写(rewriting);亦有从古诗体(五言)到散文体再到新诗体的文学化渐进过程,体现了圣经文本翻译的调适性、可变性与再塑性。

Whither East-West Comparative Literature? One Recent Answer from China

Comparative literature,as a discipline,has been in selfdoubt and crisis since its birth.Various scholars give different answers to its tendency and future.With the growth of East-West comparative literature research in East Asia,Chinese School of Comparative Literature proposed its own answer to it.In response to James St.André’s review essay'Whither East-West Comparative Literature?Two Recent Answers from the U.S.',this paper focuses on a new answer from Cao Shunqing’s work The Variation Theory of Comparative Literature,aiming to explore the two focuses of this new platform:one is the heterogeneity,and the other is the variation,which are different from French comparatism based on influences and American part based on analogies.On this basis this article tries to have a dialogue with imagology study of variation theory and sinicization of Western literary theory in Cao’s works.By highlighting the heterogeneity and variation,Chinese scholars seek to promote crosscivilization communication based on maintaining and developing the uniqueness of different literatures and civilizations,thus building a harmonious world without uniformity.

"On Practice" and "On Contradiction" :The Inspiration behind the Sinicization of Marxist Philosophy

Mao Zedong＇s ＂On Practice＂ and ＂On Contradiction＂ result from the combination of Marxist philosophy, the revolutionary practice of China and the fine achievements of traditional Chinese philosophy, and have enriched and developed Marxist epistemology and dialectics. ＂On Practice＂ and ＂On Contradictiott＂ are paradigms of the sinicization of Marxist philosophy, providing valuable inspiration for its further sinicization by elevating rich practical experience to the level of philosophical theory; learning from and absorbing the latest achievements of contemporary Marxist philosophy; inheriting and developing the fine heritage of traditional Chinese philosophy; going from specific philosophical issues to the sinicization of Marxist philosophy; and making philosophy into a national cause.

The Basic Orientation of Changes in Intellectual Property Law in China

The theory and practice of intellectual property law in China have gone through a process of transplantation,introduction,self-reliance and innovation.In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,starting from basic national conditions and development needs,China has correctly grasped institutional attributes and functions,shaped legal value objectives,constructed operational mechanisms for the rule of law and development,proactively carried out institutional transformation and reconstructed the spirit of law,thus achieving the localization of intellectual property law.At the same time,China has been active in responding to the issues of pluralism,stages,risk and non-modernity in the development of legal modernization and has promoted the development of the knowledge economy through institutional innovation in intellectual property;at the same time,it has effectively coped with the issues of diversification,fragmentation and unilateralism in the course of legal integration and has participated in the construction of a global governance system for intellectual property,thereby providing a new impetus for the international protection of intellectual property.On the basis of the sinicization or localization of intellectual property law,China has found its own means of achieving the modernization of law and its own road to the choice of legal integration.The basic orientation of its legal changes offer rich innovative connotations and a clear practical direction.

Mao Zedong Is the Great Founder, Explorer and Pioneer of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics

As early as the revolutionary wars, Mao Zedong clearly pointed out the future path of the Chinese revolution： to go through the new democratic revolution and advance uninterruptedly into the stage of socialist revolution, and finally to build socialism and communism. After the founding of the People＇s Republic of China, he created and continuously improved the socialist economic system and the corresponding political system, led the large-scale socialist economic, political and cultural construction, established the institutional preconditions, ideological guarantees and material basis for socialism with Chinese characteristics, and brouglat about a favorable external environment for China＇s socialist construction. During this process, Mao originated a series of theories about China＇s socialist construction. In proposing to achieve the second combination of the universal truth of Marxism with China＇s realities and to go China＇s own way and explore a path of building socialism which suits China＇s national conditions and has Chinese characteristics, he madea great theoretical contribution to the history of China＇s socialist development. His ideas provided ample ideological gestation and theoretical preparation for the second historic leap of the sinicization of Marxism. They served not only as the starting point of the history and logic of the theory, road and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics but also as one of the guiding principles of China＇s revolution, construction and reform. Mao＇s exploration left us with experience of success and lessons from mistakes, both of which enabled us to store up valuable experience and important inspiration for today＇s construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, whether in terms of historical practice or theoretical logic, Mao is the great founder, explorer and pioneer of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The Great Victory of Marxism in China

The birth in 1921 of the Communist Party of China （CPC） with Marxism as its guiding ideology was a major event that radically changed the historical fate of the Chinese people. In the 90 years since its founding the CPC has always persevered in combining Marxism with Chinese realities, constantly pushed forward theoretical innovations in the process of practical innovations and led the Chinese people in winning the great victory of socialism in China. These achievements represent a victory for the Chinese people in their historical choice, a victory for the CPC and a victory for Marxism in China. History has proved that only Marxism can save China and that the Sinicization of Marxism can be achieved only through constant theoretical innovations in this regard and, in the final analysis, through the Party＇s upholding of the ideological line of seeking truth from facts.

The Eastward Spread of Western Learning and the Sinicization of Marxist Philosophy

The spread of Western learning to the East objectively promoted the dissemination of Marxist philosophy, forming an important historical precondition for its Sinicization. Moreover, it triggered a great transformation in the historical development of Chinese philosophy and facilitated its transition from an ancient to an early modem tradition, thereby establishing through Sinicization a link between Marxist philosophy, which originated in the Western philosophical tradition, and the Chinese tradition of philosophy, and rendering Marxist philosophy Chinese. This offered the possibility that Sinicized Marxist philosophy would play a positive guiding role in the development of modern Chinese philosophy. Therefore, we may say that without the spread of Western learning to the East, there would be no Sinicization of Marxist philosophy; and without in-depth research on the relationship between the Eastward spread of Western learning and the Sinicization of Marxist philosophy, we would have no real understanding of the Sinicization of Marxist philosophy. However, the close links between the Sinicization of Marxist philosophy and the spread of Western learning do not indicate that the former is part of the history of latter. The Sinicization of Marxist philosophy does not itself belong to the category of the spread of Western learning to the East. This is because Marxist philosophy is essentially different from all other forms of what is commonly known as Western learning, and its Sinicization differs from the Eastward spread of Western learning in terms of its goals, social nature, results and effects on society.

SPECIAL ISSUE： IMPORTANT ISSUES IN MARXIST PHILOSOPHICAL STUDIES IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA：Develop research in Marxist philosophy in China on the basis of the country＇s specific realities

To develop research on Marxist philosophy in China by basing it on the specific realties of China spells out the methodological principle that research on Marxist philosophy in China should have; the essence of its demand for the upholding of specific Chinese realities as both the starting point and destination for research on Marxist philosophy in China is the Sinicization of Marxist philosophy. This is the essential demand of Marxist philosophy as well as the objective need of Chinese society for development, and also the fundamental route for ceaseless theoretical innovation in research on Marxist philosophy in China and the foundation for the integration of diversified approaches in such research. To strictly adhere to and practice this principle, we must resolutely oppose dogmatism under any form, maintain a certain tension between the academic nature and the actualities of research on Marxist philosophy, and hold fast to our basic principles in interacting with our traditional philosophy and the philosophy from the West.

The State and Eminent Monks in Medieval Korea

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between the state and eminent monks in medieval Korea （918-1392） on the basis of various primary sources and to highlight the need of the re-examination of the nature of Korean Buddhism, and by extension, that of East Asian Buddhism. To this end, this research examines the position of Buddhism, the state Buddhist policies, the roles of monks in response to the policies, and the identity of monks in medieval Korea. The conclusion is that medieval Korea took carrot-and-stick approach to Buddhism and in response, playing as political advisors, subjects to the ruler, thaumaturgies, entrepreneurs, and even warriors, power-oriented monks ingratiated themselves with the state Buddhist policies for their sustenance on practical considerations, often violating the basic teachings of the Buddha and creating issues regarding their identity as monks. This Korean tradition in a larger part appears to be a product of the Sinicized Buddhism, thus highlighting the need of further in-depth research on the nature of Korean Buddhism in particular and that of East Asian Buddhism in general.