How to promote cooperative innovation in environmentally friendly technology:a case of agricultural biotechnology in China

This study explored the factors influencing cooperative innovation in environmentally friendly agricultural biotechnology in China.First,we constructed an evolutionary game model comprising the factors of net income of cooperative innovation,net income of independent innovation,market constraints,and government subsidies.Using MATLAB simulation,we assigned different values to the aforementioned variables to explore the evolutionary trend of innovators’willingness to cooperate.Results showed that when the values of net income of cooperative innovation,net income of independent innovation,market constraints,and government subsidies exceeded the threshold,innovators’willingness to cooperate was significantly enhanced.Furthermore,the proportion of innovators who cooperated with others gradually increased to 100%;otherwise,it gradually decreased to 0%.Comparing the simulation curve with the real evolution curve of cooperative innovation in agricultural biotechnology in China,we found that the gradual decline in the willingness to cooperate could be due to insufficient subsidies for cooperative innovation,low income from cooperative innovation,weak profitability of innovators,and weak market constraints.

China: International Cooperation in Environmental Protection

The paper deals with China’s involvement in the process of international environmental protection. The cooperation between China and international environmental organizations is analyzed. This article stresses on such issues as China’s cooperation with United Nations Environment Program, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, China-Europe and China-Africa Cooperation. The key spheres of China’s activity in international environmental protection are examined in this paper. Thus, Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection and believes that environmental protection will have a direct impact on the overall situation of China’s modernization drive and its long-term development. While promoting economic growth, it has adopted a wide range of measures to strengthen environmental protection.

China Eyes Closer Environmental Cooperation with Arab States

China is seeking closer environmental cooperation with Arab States driven by the strategy of 'One Belt and One Road'.'Co-building and greenization of ’One Belt and One Road’ will provide new opportunities and contents for China-Arab states cooperation。

Seminar on “Sino-Japanese Business Cooperation on Environmental Protection” held in Tokyo

The Seminar on"Sino-Japanese Business Cooperation on Environmental Protection",coorganized by CAFIU and the Kazankai Foundation of Japan,was held in Tokyo on 29,October.Over 50Chinese and Japanese scholars and experts participated in the Seminar.The Kazankai Foundation was established in March,1948 on the basis of the East Asia Common

Cooperation among Asymmetric Countries:A Study for the Role of Side Payment in International Environmental Agreements

By a survey of a range of existing literatures, this article makes a rough summary for previous theoretical findings about the role of side payment in international environmental agreements. If countries are symmetric, we can hardly exploit the transfer to enhance international cooperation. On the contrary, under asymmetric countries assumption, the side payment is often helpful to obtaining better global outcome in environmental issues. Even though no general theoretical conclusion can be claimed so far, many meaningful implications will be revealed with the going on of this article.

Analysis of China＇s International Oil and Gas Cooperation Environment under the Belt and Road Initiative

China's Belt and Road Initiative has great significance for China's energy security and the economic development of the countries along the route of the Belt and Road Initiative. Focusing on oil and gas cooperation, the paper aims to define the political, economic, legal, and operational conditions required to facilitate the development of the Belt and Road Initiative by analyzing the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and risks of China's current international oil and gas cooperation environment. This will help to drive China's international oil and gas partnerships and increase China's discourse power in the international oil and gas markets by exploring new approaches to improving regional communication mechanisms, financial cooperation frameworks, multilateral legal systems and overall strength of the enterprises in the oil and gas industry.

Tibetan Plateau:Geodynamics and Environmental Evolution——The cooperative projects based upon the memorandum of CAS and DFG

The Tibetan Plateau （TP） plays a unique role in Earth System Sciences. It represents a key area to understand not only basic geodynamic processes linked with the formation and uplift of mountains and plateaus, but also the interaction between plateau uplift and environmental changes. Over the last 50 million years the formation of the TP has considerably influenced the global climate and monsoon system. Moreover, the TP proves to be extremely sensitive to present-day global change phenomena. Based upon the foundation of the new Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research （1TP） by the Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） and through the Memorandum signed by the CAS and DFG （Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft）, both CAS and DFG provide opportunities to intensify TP research and to develop coordinated research programs. ＂The Tibetan Plateau - Geodynamics and Environmental Evolution＂ consisting of one big projects funded by CAS and five projects funded by DFG that cover the pre- and early-collision history of the TP, the Palaeogene/Neogene uplift and climatic dynamics as well as the Late Quaternary and recent environmental and climatic changes on the TP. The projects are linked through several levels of interactions.

Cooperative Multi-Agent Control for Autonomous Ship Towing Under Environmental Disturbances

Among the promising application of autonomous surface vessels(ASVs)is the utilization of multiple autonomous tugs for manipulating a floating object such as an oil platform,a broken ship,or a ship in port areas.Considering the real conditions and operations of maritime practice,this paper proposes a multi-agent control algorithm to manipulate a ship to a desired position with a desired heading and velocity under the environmental disturbances.The control architecture consists of a supervisory controller in the higher layer and tug controllers in the lower layer.The supervisory controller allocates the towing forces and angles between the tugs and the ship by minimizing the error in the position and velocity of the ship.The weight coefficients in the cost function are designed to be adaptive to guarantee that the towing system functions well under environmental disturbances,and to enhance the efficiency of the towing system.The tug controller provides the forces to tow the ship and tracks the reference trajectory that is computed online based on the towing angles calculated by the supervisory controller.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can make the two autonomous tugs cooperatively tow a ship to a desired position with a desired heading and velocity under the(even harsh)environmental disturbances.

A multiple case study on the cooperative governance model of treating environmental deterioration

Managing the acute problem of environmental deterioration due to the industrialization of modern China is necessary.Using three cases from a theoretical perspective of procedure-structure,this study explored how environmental deterioration is governed in three circumstances.Research findings revealed that the pattern to treat the worsening environment is associated closely with individual-specific circumstances,and thus three patterns of governance are developed:bureaucratic,contractual,and network-based cooperatives.The cases and the results are described the advantages and disadvantages of these models are discussed.Suggestions on how to more effectively manage these urgent problems are as follows:first,the governance must fit the circumstance,namely,its physical,biological,and social attributes;second,the regulations and conditions regarding the government-dominated pattern are came up from the perspective of mega-governance,mutual trust contracts,benefit sharing,and social capital;and third,the government should abandon the pattern based on the single subject and adopt a plural subject governance model to integrate all the relevant forces to facilitate the attainment of benign environmental governance.

Promoting Energy Cooperation between China and Countries along the Belt and Road by Improving the Business Environment

Energy cooperation is an important part of the Belt and Road Initiative.Countries along the Belt and Road are complementary with China in resources.Therefore,energy cooperation cannot only expand diversified channels for energy import in China,but also effectively drive the economic development of countries along the Belt and Road.At present,the energy cooperation between China and countries along the Belt and Road is still thwarted by China and foreign business environment.Based on the analysis of the current situation of energy cooperation,this paper makes a further analysis of problems and puts forward measures to promote energy cooperation from the perspective of improving the business environment.

Prospect for strategic minerals exploration and development,investment environment and cooperation in Mozambique

Mozambique is an essential country in the Belt and Road Initiative,and it is also to cooperation between China and with Africa in energy resources.It is located in the critical node of the“East Africa Channel”and close to the“African Twin Ocean Railway”,which is an important strategic position.Mozambique has abundant mineral resources and vast reserves of advantageous minerals.The natural gas reserves of Mozambique ranked second in Africa.It also has world--class scale graphite and rich iron,gold,copper,niobium-tantalum and other resources.In recent years,the mining industry in this country has been rising and attracting many foreign companies to invest,including international mining giants such as Vale,Rio Tinto and large mining enterprises of China.This paper systematically studies the mineral resources endowment,exploration and development situations of natural gas,graphite,titanium-zircon placer deposits,niobium-tantalum,gold,iron and other strategic minerals in Mozambique,comprehensively analyzes the mining investment environment and the current situation of exploration and development of Chinese enterprises in Mozambique,and replans four safeguard areas of strategic mineral resources in critical short supply.Mozambique generally has good prospects of mining investment and a stable foundation for cooperation with China.Chinese enterprises can focus on oil and natural gas,graphite,titanium,zirconium,niobium,tantalum,and iron,which complement the needs of China,expand the mining capacity cooperation,and improve the ability to secure strategic mineral resources supply.

Electron Beam Desulfurization Project of Chengdu Cogeneration Power Plant Started Construction - A new cooperation in environment protection between China and Japan

On March 25 1996, the electron beam flue gas desulfurization demonstration project of Chengdu Cogeneration Power Plant started formal construction This is at present the largest electron beam desulfurization project in power plants in the world, and is jointly constructed by Sichuan Electric Power Bureau and the EBARA Works of Japan, This is an important cooperation project in environment protection between

The Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:seeking linkages for global environmental governance

Global environmental cooperation serves as an important part in the Chinese ideal of building a Community with a Shared Future for all Human Beings. The report of 19 th CPC National Congress indicates that China is committed to proactive mitigation under the Paris Agreement and further participating in global environmental governance under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and both of which are largely integrated to the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI). BRI are also closely linked with South-South environmental and climate cooperation proposed by China from previous UN summits. Based on shared ideas, intersected agendas, and compatible governance approaches, BRI and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development grow increasingly relevant and they might form synergies based on increasingly interactive relations. In sum,seeking and intensifying the linkages between BRI and 2030 sustainable development goals(SDGs) could address global environmental governance deficits and enhance cooperation among nations.

Comparative Study of Environmental Institutional Framework and Setup in the GCC States

Establishing environmental institutions will aid in providing effective responses on any changes in the status of environment by improving the current policies by having solid management strategies to combat environmental degradation. All the six member countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have established similar environmental institutional bodies that serve with the mandate of conserving and protecting the environment. Degrees of implementation, wealth, state of environment reporting and strategic planning are varying and closer inspection has to be done. Institutionalization in GCC states has to be promoted to cover major framework of sustainable development strategies. This will guarantee the use-effectiveness of those polices and other environmental management tools to ensure sustainable development of the natural resources. This paper attempts to list and examine the current status of all GCC country’s environment institutional framework and setup through comparison of the available information, highlighting the achievement of some and providing some guidance for others on how it could be enhanced.

China International Energy Cooperation:New Era,New Opportunities

On January 18,“China International Energy Cooperation Forum 2018:New Era,New Opportunities,New Vision and New Ideas”was successfully held on the campus of its organizer Renmin University of China.This forum received strong support from dozens of domestic and foreign research institutes,including the Renewable Energy Professional Committee of China Energy Research Society,Resource and Environmental Policy Institute of the Development Research Center of the State Council,the International Energy Research Institute of the International Cooperation Center of the National Development and Reform Commission,the CNPC Economics and Technological Research Institute,and the Center on Global Energy Policy of Columbia University.The forum was divided into four parts in two sessions of“Report Release”and“Expert Discussion”.Active and warm discussions were conducted around four topics:“The Position and Role of China in Global Energy Governance”,“The Potential Risks and Their Aversion in China’s International Energy Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative”,“How Can Chinese Energy Companies Enhance Their Global Competitiveness”,and“How to Increase the Safety of Overseas Interests in China’s Foreign Energy Investments”.The discussions were unanimously acknowledged by the

Interlinkage Between Global Environmental Changes,Water Resources Availability and Quality in the East African Rift:Preliminary Analyses and Some Cases:The MaWARi Project(Kenya,Ethiopia,Djibouti,France)

The East African Rift extending across Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya is characterized by low level of economic development,high level of poverty,increasing population,scarce natural resources(land,water, and environment),complex and rich ecosystems, increasing desertification and degrading biodiversity, underdeveloped regional trade and market,water resources mainly stored in groundwater and

Global Climate Change and Emerging Environmental and Strategic Security Issues for South Asia

Global climate change-essentially an adverse consequence of global warming, is principally caused by progressive build-up and extensive spread of greenhouse gases (GHGs) across countries, regions or continents because of earth’s rotational movement. The potent sources of GHGs are fossil-fuels and biomass. With the increasing pace of globalization, industrialization and rapid change of life-style the demand and consumption of these feed-stocks to stimulate economic growth is steadily rising-both in the developing and developed economy. In the process, the emissions level is also rising phenomenally;and of late become quite alarming-more in the former than latter case, affecting thereby the environmental quality as also its security concerns globally. This paper highlights the major impacts of global warming and consequential climate change on the environmental quality and overall security aspects-including commercial, strategic and defense angles for the South-Asian region. The paper also discusses some relevant aspects linking the larger question of energy security with environmental security through the approach of sustainable energy development for envisioning a balanced economic development as well as growth perspective for South Asia. The significance of International cooperation in the mitigation and adaptation of climate change impacts with special reference to Asia- Pacific and South Asian region is also discussed at some length in the paper.

Strategic Importance of China’s Foreign Aid for Environmental Protection

E nvironm ental protection effo rts are a key aspect of developmental aid which,in turn,is a crucial means to globally promote environmental governance.In recent years,China’s foreign aid initiatives for environm ental protection have developed rapidly,evolving into an integral part of international development aid due to its strategic significance.The establishment of the Green Belt and Road provided China with a rare opportunity to implement its plans for environmental protection aid.Under the Green Belt and Road,China has continuously improved systemic design and actively used non-governmental means to innovate aid models,thus substantially contributing to the environmental progress of aid recipients.Additionally,China’s outreach has significantly improved its international image,built on its soft power,and played a visible and positive role in expanding the international environmental protection market and promoting green development.

环境产品贸易网络的结构特征及演进机制——基于共建“一带一路”国家的实证

加强环境产品贸易合作是推进区域绿色发展的重要途径。该研究基于社会网络分析视角,利用2000—2020年共建“一带一路”国家的54种环境产品贸易数据构建环境产品贸易网络,采用时间指数随机图模型(TERGM),探究区域环境产品贸易网络结构特征及其演化机制。研究发现:①样本区间内,环境产品贸易网络密度和平均聚类系数总体呈上升趋势,平均路径长度缩减,网络直径较短,但是受疫情影响,2020年网络特征指标数值明显下降。②意大利、中国、韩国和新加坡的点出度与点入度排名位于前列,在贸易网络中发挥“桥梁”与“枢纽”作用。中国后来居上,成为点出度与点入度最高的国家,引领区域环境产品贸易发展。③欧洲与亚洲是环境产品贸易网络中贸易合作最密集的两个地区,非洲、拉丁美洲地区的共建“一带一路”国家具有较少的环境产品贸易关系,且源自板块外进口关系数显著多于出口关系数。④TERGM分析表明,环境产品贸易网络存在显著的互惠性、连通性、稳定性和变异性。工业增加值、经济自由度和绿色创新存在发送效应和接收效应,人均GDP、环境规制存在发送效应。地理距离不利于形成环境产品贸易合作。⑤环境保护型产品、可再生能源产品、环境监测分析与评价设备贸易网络的形成和演化具有异质性。基于该结论,从引领区域绿色低碳发展、因地制宜深化环保产业合作、加快环保产业转型升级等方面,提出了深化和拓展“一带一路”环境产品贸易关系的对策建议。

程式化下的创新:AIGC人机合作式环境空间创意设计表达

研究探索了人工智能时代设计师如何与AIGC协作进行环境空间创意设计表达实践。AIGC技术在设计创作过程中充当“技术执行工具”,其偶然生成的视觉效果对设计师的创新思维具有重要引导作用,甚至成为其新的创新思维源泉,整个“人机合作”过程建构了从“不确定”到“确定”的空间创意设计体系。通过分析人机合作式环境空间设计表达的原理,以Midjourney设计训练为例探讨了程式化设计方案生成机制与流程,进而研究了人机协作环境空间设计的实现方式,以及搭配相关案例的应用实践和评价研究。研究发现,Midjourney通过训练生成具有特定风格的环境空间创意设计效果图,助推设计师发散思维、激发灵感,并显著提高设计效率和创新速度。Midjourney以规程化为基础,成功实现“人机协作”环境空间创意设计表达,有效破解传统创意设计表达的困局,铸造创意设计的核心竞争力。