Linkage Between European and East Asian Heatwaves on Synoptic Scales

Concurrent extreme weather events in geographically distant areas potentially cause high-end risks for societies.By using network analysis,the present study managed to identify significant nearly-simultaneous occurrences of heatwaves between the grid cells in East Asia and Eastern Europe,even though they are geographically far away from each other.By further composite analysis,this study revealed that hot events first occurred in Eastern Europe,typically with a time lag of3-4 days before the East Asian heatwave events.An eastward propagating atmospheric wave train,known as the circumglobal teleconnection(CGT)pattern,bridged the sequent occurrences of extreme events in these two remote regions.Atmospheric blockings,amplified by surface warming over Eastern Europe,not only enhanced local heat extremes but also excited a CGT-like pattern characterized by alternative anomalies of high and low pressures.Subsequent downstream anticyclones in the middle and upper troposphere reduced local cloud cover and increased downward solar radiation,thereby facilitating the formation of heatwaves over East Asia.Nearly half of East Asian heatwave events were preceded by Eastern European heatwave events in the 10-day time range before East Asian heatwave events.This investigation of heatwave teleconnection in the two distant regions exhibits strong potential to improve the prediction accuracy of East Asian heatwaves.

The Last 15,000 Years: Climate-Controlled and “Rare-Event”-Triggered/Rise and Fall of Holocene Cultures in the Near/Middle East and in Central Europe—Evidence and Background

Pushed by the results of a preceding publication on the possibly Quaternary Jebel Waqf as Suwwan Meteorite Crater, Jordan [5], where an amazing coincidence of Rapid Climate Changes (RCCs) with Rise and Fall of Neolithic and Bronze Age Cultures became evident for the Near/Middle East, this paper deals with the same subject, however, relating to the complete Holocene period in the same area and, additionally, in Central Europe as well. By application of modern climatic data [6] comprising isotope analysis (δ18O, 14C, 10Be), acid and aerosol events, and greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4) Greenland ice cores as well as other astro-/geophysical and geological parameters, an overwhelming coincidence/relation/interdependence of both natural and cultural evidences becomes obvious throughout the last 15,000 years across the Northern Hemisphere. Apart from solar output and other astrophysical processes, most important climate- and Earth-related parameters are Mega-Volcanism (i.e.Santorini Greece: ~3640 yr cal. B. P.), Impact Events (i.e. during Mesolithic: ~9600 yr cal. B. P), rapid oceanic current change (DO-Events), and Plate Tectonics (possibly Atlantis-Event: ~11,500 yr cal. B.P. = Pleistocene/Holocene boundary). The most essential parameter is a significant temperature change related to more or less restricted latitude realms of the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, glacier advance/retreat controls the mobility of peoples (i.e. Nations' Migration, Teutonic Empires) and the access to ore deposits (Au, Ag, Cu, Sn, Zn, Pb, Fe) located in Alpine Mountain Ranges (i.e. End-Neolithic, Early Bronze Age). Myths like the Gilgamesh Epos and John Apocalypse convincingly reveal realistic contents relating to natural hazards like tsunamis, impact and flooding events. They unmisunderstandably make obvious that Myths may provide valuable contributions, especially to Geosciences. Some of the controlling parameters interrelate with others or present a kind of hierarchy: Mega-Volcanism/impact events à ejecta à wildfires, heat storms à cosmic winter, sint winter à stop of photosynthesis à mass extinction environmental pollution à greenhouse effects. Significant events (21 cases in total) occurred on i.e.

Epidemiology of hepatitis E in South-East Europe in the "One Health" concept

The significance of hepatitis E virus(HEV)as an important public health problem is rising.Until a decade ago,cases of HEV infection in Eur-ope were mainly confined to returning travelers,but nowadays,hepatitis E represents an emerging zoonotic infection in many European countries.The aim of this manuscript is to perform a systematic review of the published literature on hepatitis E distribution in humans,animals and environmental samples("One Health"concept)in the South-Eastern European countries.Comparison of the available data showed that the anti-HEV seroprevalence in the South-Eastern Europe varies greatly,depending on the population studied,geographical area and methods used.The IgG seroprevalence rates in different population groups were found to be 1.1%-24.5%in Croatia,up to 20.9%in Bulgaria,5.9-%17.1%in Romania,15%in Serbia,up to 9.7%in Greece and 2%-9.7%in Albania.Among possible risk factors,older age was the most significant predictor for HEV seropositivity in most studies.Higher seroprevalence rates were found in animals.HEV IgG antibodies in domestic pigs were detected in 20%-54.5%,29.2%-50%,38.94%-50%and 31.1%-91.7%in Serbia,Bulgaria,Romania and Croatia,respectively.In wild boars seroprevalence rates were up to 10.3%,30.3%and 31.1%in Romania,Slovenia and Croatia,respectively.A high HEV RNA prevalence in wild boars in some countries(Croatia and Romania)indicated that wild boars may have a key role in the HEV epidemiology.There are very few data on HEV prevalence in environmental samples.HEV RNA was detected in 3.3%and 16.7%surface waters in Slovenia and Serbia,respectively.There is no evidence of HEV RNA in sewage systems in this region.The available data on genetic characterization show that human,animal and environmental HEV strains mainly belong to the genotype 3.

Automated tree detection and crown delineation using airborne laser scanner data in heterogeneous East-Central Europe forest with different species mix

Identifying tree locations is a basic step in the derivation of other tree parameters using remote sensing techniques, particularly when using airborne laser scanning. There are several techniques for identifying tree positions. In this paper, we present a raster-based method for determining tree position and delineating crown coverage. We collected data from nine research plots that supported different mixes of species. We applied a raster-based method to raster layers with six different spatial resolutions and used terrestrial measurement data as reference data. Tree identification at a spatial resolution of 1.5 m was demonstrated to be the most accurate, with an average identification ratio (IR) of 95% and average detection ratio of 68% being observed. At a higher spatial resolution of 0.5 m, IR was overestimated by more than 600%. At a lower spatial resolution of 3 m, IR was underestimated at less than 44% of terrestrial measurements. The inventory process was timed to enable evaluation of the time efficiency of automatic methods.

Archaeological Mineralogy and the Dawn of Gemmology:Prehistoric(7th-5th Millennium BC)Gem Minerals and Gold from the Balkans（South-East Europe）

The territory of the Balkan Peninsula in SE Europe is reviewed, from the point of gemmology, as the cradle of gem and decorative minerals and metals in European prehistory. During the local Neolithic period (end of 7 th -6 th millennium BC), as material for tools or for beads, nephrite (with the earliest known Balkan nephrite culture), jadeite-omphacite and quartz (different varieties) were introduced to make pendants and idols. Large quantities of copper and gold artifacts are known since the Chalcolithic period (5 th millennium BC)(unique for the region;the largest in number of gold artifacts is the Varna I Chalcolithic necropolis in Bulgaria). The gemmological materials in the Balkans are known for malachite, antigorite serpentinite, turquoise, rock crystal, carnelian, jasper, jet and obsidian. In the Varna I necropolis (mid 5 th millennium BC) are recorded the first known complex faceted carnelian beads with 32 facets, as well as some of the most important gemmological techniques and procedures such as faceting, tumbling, annealing, miniaturization and standardization. As pigments for pottery, cinnabar, graphite and gold were used in different prehistoric sites. The earliest salt production in the Balkans is known from sites in Romania and Bulgaria, and because of its trade, salt is positively linked to a population rich with prestigious goods. The introduced possible Chalcolithic weight unit “van”(2 carats) is supposed to be the earliest known in prehistoric times.

Comparison of Human Rights Values Between the East and the West——Summary of the 2019 China-Europe Seminar on Human Rights

The 2019 China-Europe Seminar on Human Rights hosted by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and Austria-China Friendship Association was successfully held in Austria on June 21,2019.Through this conference,China,as an important representative of Eastern countries of human rights,demonstrated its fruitful theoretical and practical human rights achievements to European countries.The conference also witnessed lively communication and exchanges on human rights values and the human rights discourse system between China and the West,during which scholars of the East and the West discussed the universality and particularity of human rights,and the evolution of human rights under different historical and cultural values.The conference advocated that the concept of a community with a shared future for human beings proposed by China should be incorporated into human rights governance of sovereign states and the international community.The convergence and integration of the human rights concepts of the East and the West will inevitably lead human rights practices of the East and the West to embark on a new journey.

Mitigation of Mycotoxins during Food Processing:Sharing Experience among Europe and South East Asia

Worldwide the issue of mycotoxins results in economic losses estimated at billions of dollars and toxicological risk for both humans and animals.Preventive measures also include decontamination and mitigation actions that can be carried out through food processing.Several proposals have been tested and illustrated also in scientific papers during the last decades,however clear,easy to implement,practical suggestions and guidelines for process adaptation are much more needed.Europe and South East Asia can find synergies and complementarities moving from processing to analysis,from risk assessment to reduction strategies,from gap-analysis to communication roadmaps.Stakeholders from both Europe and Southeast Asia must then ensure that there is a way to ease and harmonize the regulation in the food supply chain in order to ensure food safety and at the same time facilitate trade in both regions,taking into account of the various landscapes,agrosystems and also different consumer preferences within the countries themselves.Concerning the example of cereals,processing steps cover primary processing(cleaning and milling operations)and secondary processing procedures(such as fermentation and thermal treatments during baking),special attention is devoted to the production of baked goods and to the estimation of processing factors for DON in wheat bread production especially in Europe.With reference instead to the specific context of Asian producers,a case-study focuses on ochratoxin A in coffee in Southeast Asia region,combining the expertise of the farming community,coffee industry and science researchers.The strategy to reduce mycotoxins in a farm setting poses several challenges to coffee farmers:it needs to be analyzed in the context of good agricultural practices,socioeconomic and behavioral factors of both coffee producers and consumers.As the world becomes more globalized,food and feed supply chains also become more complexed and hence,a more comprehensive strategy to ensure food contaminants mitigation is needed.

17—18世纪荷兰东印度公司对华瓷器贸易

瓷器是中国文化在欧洲传播的载体,近代早期的欧洲正是通过对瓷器的认识建构了中国文化。中国瓷器的外销由葡萄牙拉开帷幕,但真正使中国瓷器进入欧洲市场的是17世纪崛起的荷兰。在中荷瓷器贸易的初期,瓷器作为奢侈品成为王公贵族使用和收藏的对象,随着中荷瓷器贸易规模的不断扩大,瓷器从上流社会追求的奢侈品成为欧洲普通民众不可或缺的餐饮具。该文选取明末清初的17—18世纪作为时间节点,探讨荷兰东印度公司对华瓷器贸易的背景、经过及对欧洲产生的重要影响,旨在探究历史事实,为相关研究提供参考。

Is a correlation‑based investment strategy beneficial for long‑term international portfolio investors?

Using negative to low-correlated assets to manage short-term portfolio risk is not uncommon among investors,although the long-term benefits of this strategy remain unclear.This study examines the long-term benefits of the correlation strategy for portfolios based on the stock market in Asia,Central and Eastern Europe,the Middle East and North Africa,and Latin America from 2000 to 2016.Our strategy is as follows.We develop five portfolios based on the average unconditional correlation between domestic and foreign assets from 2000 to 2016.This yields five regional portfolios based on low to high correlations.In the presence of selected economic and financial conditions,long-term diversification gains for each regional portfolio are evaluated using a panel cointegration-based testing method.Consistent across all portfolios and regions,our key cointegration results suggest that selecting a low-correlated portfolio to maximize diversification gains does not necessarily result in long-term diversification gains.Our empirical method,which also permits the estimation of cointegrating regressions,provides the opportunity to evaluate the impact of oil prices,U.S.stock market fluctuations,and investor sentiments on regional portfolios,as well as to hedge against these fluctuations.Finally,we extend our data to cover the years 2017–2022 and find that our main findings are robust.

身份认同视角下穆斯林群体中的极端化模式比较

虽然聚居区与散居区的穆斯林群体都出现了极端化现象且影响日渐扩大,但却呈现出截然不同的极端化模式。中东穆斯林群体因外国军事存在和西方文化冲击而产生强烈的身份认同威胁感知,部分穆斯林在对自我身份、他者身份和解决方案的建构中完成了身份认同的极端化转变;欧洲穆斯林群体则因处于两种身份和文化的长期割裂状态而面临着身份认同危机,部分穆斯林在质疑身份和重新确认身份的过程中,因受制于持续被剥夺的现实和极端主义思想的煽动,形成了对极端身份的自我认同。只有全面客观认识穆斯林聚居区和散居区极端化模式的差异,才能针对性地提出切实可行的去极端措施。

运用“一带一路”发展中国与中东欧关系对策

"两个纲要"的实施,使中国与中东欧国家友好情谊不断加深,合作领域不断拓展,呈现出越来越好的发展态势。在此基础上,将中国的"一带一路"建设和中国与中东欧国家合作紧密联系起来,可以更好地提高双方合作的质量。通过顶层设计,加强区域内外各方的协同;关注中东欧国家差异性,规避可能风险;搭建各类平台,实现多方沟通;汇合各方利益,实现合作共赢。

中东欧国家加入欧盟对俄罗斯的不利影响

欧盟东扩对俄罗斯产生极为深刻的影响,其中虽有积极方面,但消极方面尤为突出。中东欧国家的“入盟”,使俄罗斯的战略空间受到挤压,经济贸易受到损失,人员往来受到限制,边界纷争更趋严重,历史问题也引起了尖锐矛盾。

冷战初期美国“隐蔽行动”政策的制订

隐蔽行动是冷战期间美国对苏联、东欧各国及中国等社会主义国家实施的主要政策之一。冷战爆发不久,杜鲁门政府即制订了关于隐蔽行动的第一份文件NSC4-A,强调要实施隐蔽的心理战。其后又相继通过了NSC10/2、NSC10/5号文件,将隐蔽行动全面展开。1954—1955年艾森豪威尔政府制订了本届政府关于隐蔽行动的文件NSC5412系列,将隐蔽行动扩大到整个共产主义世界。冷战初期美国政府制订的关于隐蔽行动的一系列文件深化了冷战,凸显了东西方矛盾的尖锐与冷战的严酷。

海上丝路的经典案例:东印度公司与18世纪欧洲的“中国风”

17、18世纪称霸世界的东印度公司因充当欧洲列强殖民扩张、经济掠夺的急先锋而臭名昭著,但其跨国贸易的本职无意中促成了"中国风"在欧洲的流行。回顾18世纪欧洲"中国风"的盛衰历程、呈现形态及艺术特质,并对其作文化、审美、消费等各层面的剖析,进而关照后东印度时代"中国风"的消长趋势,可为我国大力推进一带一路多边政治互信、经济融合、文化包容的合作机制提供一个可供借鉴的历史观察点。

大西洋-欧洲环流型和东亚槽的客观化评定

从历史资料中得到500hPa大西洋-欧洲环流型W、C、E3个典型场，然后利用计算实况场与3个典型场之间欧氏距离的方法，以最小欧氏距离的原则，确定逐日环流型，在指定区域中，将纬圈上最小高度值的点，经过平滑处理后的平均经度值和高度值，确定为东亚槽的位置和强度。这一工作将使环流物理量的评定更客观化及自动化。

苏东地区国家卫生改革综述

对苏东国家转型期间卫生改革措施进行了总结,具体阐述了其中7个典型国家的改革历程,指出了改革取得的成效和不足,在此基础上提出苏东地区国家卫生体制改革对我国的借鉴和启发。

亚当·沙夫对欧洲马克思主义符号学运动的引领

在上世纪的东欧产生的重要马克思主义符号学者中,亚当·沙夫是一个特殊人物。本文回顾了亚当.沙夫的贡献以及他与南欧马克思主义符号学学者的紧密关系,并且讨论了他的马克思主义符号学三个主要观点:一是他对于资本主义社会“符号拜物教”与“刻板解释”的批判,指出这后果与马克思痛斥的“商品拜物教”同样严重;二是他对于“新人本主义”的呼吁,以及对马克思主义发展的人道主义的解释;三是他对于当代资本主义总体危机的看法,尤其是对“结构性失业”的分析。沙夫的这些观点对今日的符号学社会文化研究依然有很重要的意义,也是对当今马克思主义符号学发展方向的重要启示。

合作、牵制与法律程序——新东欧六国紧急权力制度

如果以谁有权宣布紧急状态作为分类标准 ,那么 ,波兰、罗马尼亚和斯洛伐克三国的紧急权力制度属于总统模式 ;而斯洛文尼亚、保加利亚和匈牙利三国的紧急权力制度属于议会模式 ;实施议会模式的国家的宪法也规定了议会闭会时紧急权力的宣布情形。与“事实时空”模式和“独任”模式的紧急权力制度的经典理论相反 ,东欧六国的紧急权力制度属于“制度时空”模式和“合议”模式 ,强调法律程序、合作、牵制和妥协。

欧洲及东亚国家社会保障制度的比较与借鉴

健全与完善的社会保障制度在稳定社会环境、促进经济发展方面发挥着积极的作用。欧洲福利国家的社会保障制、新加坡的中央公积金制度及日本的社会保障制度都各具特色。

东亚区域合作与欧洲一体化的发展模式比较

东亚区域合作不同于欧洲的统一观念和制度化建设,主要来自于权力与利益的互动联系,运行中突出市场导向而缺乏制度规范。应认真总结欧洲一体化历程的经验,并与东亚地区合作模式进行比较,以新地区主义视角来探讨适合东亚特色的地区主义合作道路。东亚区域合作应发挥东盟的地区主导作用,完善东盟与中日韩的"10+3"合作机制,共同塑造东亚新地区主义的开放性、协商性和多层次性的特点,实现利益共同体的发展目标。