The Revolution’s Result: The Change of Cuban-American Relations During the 1959-1962 Period

Cuban-American relations have become one of the most attractive bilateral relations since the Cold War era.With historical methods and international relations theory,this paper aims to discuss the Cuban Revolution and the change of Cuban-American relations through two issues.One is the Cuban Revolution and the gradual rupture of traditional Cuban-American ties,demonstrating that since Castro’s radical reform of nationalization deeply violated the economic interests of the United States,conflicts and confrontations had already been incurred.At the same time,with Moscow’s intervention,the Cuban Revolution gradually became complicated and sensitive to deal with from Washington’s perspective.The other one is the evolution of confrontation between the Castro revolutionary regime and the United States government during the 1959-1962 period.The Bay of Pigs Invasion rapidly caused political tensions in Cuban-American relations,and soon,the Cuban Missile Crisis institutionalized the escalating confrontation and deeply worsened bilateral relations.As a result,the Castro regime had no choice but to rely on Soviet assistance to maintain a delicate balance with the United States for several decades,which indicated the tragedy of the small nations’destiny.

The trend of relations between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean from the perspective of Bi-regional Summits

Nowadays,multilateral consultative mechanism is gradually becoming a mainstream approach in the contemporary international system.As one of the most important international collective player,the European Union(EU) has been engaging in multilateral cooperation and consultation since its inception.It has also been promoting a plural world through advocacy and action.The EU and the Latin America/Caribbean(LAC) Countries summits are considered a stability mechanism for promoting bi-regional dialogues.Nevertheless,after 10 years of bi-regional strategic partnership construction,the EU and LAC relations are currently experiencing a difficult phase,suggesting it is time to reform.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the advantages as well as the challenges to EU-LAC relations from the perspective of bi-regional summits,and to assess the short-term trend of their relations in the near

The Impact of COVID-19 on Europe and Sino-European Relations

The COVID-19 virus has created widespread challenges to thegovernance system and capacity of European countries and the European Union.During the height of the epidemic,Europe made unprecedented efforts to seal off its cities,states and the union as a whole.The epidemic has exerted serious impacts on Europe;meanwhile,Europe's response andreactive measures will have even more far-reaching impacts.An economic recession in Europe is inevitable,which could pose potential social and political risks,or even a crisis for its integration that would further damage the international image and status of the EU.After the epidemic subsides.the development of the EU and European integration will face major choices.The epidemic may drive member states to speed up the process of integration,or instead it may lead to the acceleration of"de-integration,"resulting in another retrogression for the EU.The integration project unlikely to make any major breakthroughs in the near future.In the post-epidemic period,China-EU relations will face new challenges as well as opportunities.It is urgent for both to cooperate.

Central Asia’s Foreign Relations:A Comparison Between the Soviet and Post-Soviet Era

Central Asia’s pivotal geographical position allowed it to play an essential role in relations among nations of Eurasia in the Middle Ages,as the bridge between China and Europe.Yet,during the Russian and then the Soviet rule on Central Asia,the region’s republics had no independent position in international community as foreign relations were formed and managed by central government in Moscow.The collapse of the Union of Soviet in 1991 made salient the geopolitical,economic,and cultural importance of the five former Soviet Central Asian republics.Accordingly,the republics reemerged as independent actors in the global interstate system and could play a role in international affairs during the last three decades.This paper aims to compare Central Asia’s foreign relations in the Soviet and Post-Soviet era.

The EU-Vietnam Relations Through Promoting European Studies in Vietnam

The Vietnam-Europe relations can be traced back to four centuries ago when the first European missionary arrived in the country. However, this relationship has gone a long history with up and down events, partly because of the misunderstanding and lack of information that influenced much on their cooperation. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the development of European Studies in Vietnam from historical perspective using the first hand information collected in Vietnam, and argued that in order to promote the European Union （EU）-Vietnam relations, European studies must be a priority in policy agenda of both sides. The paper concluded that European studies should be seen as an efficient measure to attract more and more students, and through which to promote image and understanding among people, and believed that there will be no doubt about the future of the EU-Vietnam relationship.

Ordinary Workers and Industrial Relations in a New World Order

Taking its point of departure from a NATO （North Atlantic Treaty Organization） conference held in Copenhagen in 1953, this papers begins by tracing the foundation of the powerful political role that labor organizations held during a significant part of the twentieth century. At the conference, ＂labor＂ was emphasized as occupying a ＂key role＂ in the struggle of Western societies to withstand the challenge of communism--military alone could not achieve this objective. Since around 1990, this has fundamentally changed and the paper explores the contemporary situation through an ethnographic study--involving fieldwork at both workplaces and private homes--of Polish migrant laborers participating in the Danish labor market. Firstly, it is shown how the Polish laborers, due to the lower costs they represent, benefit from the new opportunities. Secondly, the paper illustrates how the trade union, though uneasy with the downward pressure on wage and working conditions that the Polish represent, prioritizes the organization of workers in order to maintain some degree of control over the labor market. Finally, the question is raised how the EU （European Union） is able to navigate two contrasting concerns： the urge both to create more cross-border competition and to uphold an image of a ＂social Europe＂ which might be key to maintain cohesion and legitimacy.

择机而动:欧洲对战略自主的追求

机会窗口理论为解释欧洲追求战略自主的时机与条件提供了一个视角。决策者通常认为机会窗口存续时间短且趋向缩小,因此务必在有限时间内把握良机进行决策。追求战略自主的机会窗口的开启受到盟国自助能力的提升、体系环境的变化和突发事件三重因素的影响。从冷战至今,欧洲追求战略自主的实践经历了突破冷战格局、对抗单极格局、试图成为关键第三方三个阶段,并受到上述因素不同程度的影响。欧洲在经济转型、规范制定和安全防务上取得一定进展,但由于受到自助能力、跨大西洋关系和乌克兰危机的限制,其战略自主的成果有限。通过梳理欧洲择机而动追求战略自主的历程,从机会窗口视角解释欧洲追求战略自主的时机与条件,不仅可以对欧洲追求战略自主的前景进行预测,而且可以为中国如何在中美欧三边关系的博弈中赢得战略主动提供借鉴。

中国式现代化进程中我国工会组织的角色形塑与社会参与

工会组织在中国式现代化过程中扮演着越来越重要的角色。通过梳理我国现代化进程中工会在组织形式、权益维护、工人参与等方面的变化,进一步探究中国式现代化发展背景下工会在我国社会发展中的作用,为促进和谐劳动关系构建与社会公平公正发展提出可行性建议。研究发现:工会不仅在工人权益保护和劳资关系的和谐维护方面具有重要作用,也可以为我们更好地理解中国社会变迁的动力和机制提供新的视角,有助于增强公众对工人权益和劳资关系的认知,促进社会的公正稳定和中国社会的可持续发展。

乌克兰危机下欧盟力量格局变化趋向及其影响

The outbreak of the Ukraine crisis has accelerated the adjustment and power shifts of the European Union.Germany does not play the role model as it used to,its willingness and ability to make contributions have declined,and it has become a follower rather than a leader in the crisis response.The “Atlanticists” dominate the EU,and the “Europeanists” are weakened.Germany's all-round dependence on the United States has increased.France has lost traction on the EU,the German–French axis is absent,and the Central and Eastern European and Northern European countries are gaining momentum.Compared with other EU institutions and member states,the status and influence of the European Commission has been enhanced,leading the sanctions against Russia,participating more in the common security and defense policy,and contributing to the geo-politicization of EU economic policies.These changes will increase internal disputes within the EU,weaken the EU's international status and influence,and reduce the stability and predictability of the EU's China policy.

数字时代主权的嬗变与国际安全秩序重塑

在新技术革命的推动下,主权的疆域、主体、要素和权能均发生了显著变化。数字主权的提出,为重新解释国际安全秩序的进程和结构,以及重新定义相关的行为者提供了有力支撑。从功能性视角来看,数字主权本质上是一种“技术主权”,关键在于主权国家是否拥有对数字空间行使主权的技术能力。随着数字主权被视为一种安全化工具,这将导致安全威胁认知的改变,进而引发主权能力代差下的国家权力竞争、“国家—网络科技巨头—国际对手”复杂三角关系深度嵌入地缘政治博弈、加剧数字空间安全困境和秩序退化等现象。中国关于“合作主权论”的构想与数字空间的本质属性相契合,是缓解数字主权无序竞争、推进国际安全秩序良性重塑的创新方案。但这一构想面临两大挑战:一是如何回应美国追求的单边数字主权;二是如何定位网络科技巨头在全球数字空间治理中的重要角色。

工会视域下新就业形态劳动者权益保障路径探索与创新——以西安市外卖配送员为例

以新兴信息技术为支撑的平台经济发展浪潮已然来临,推动社会生产和生活方式发生深刻变革,吸纳大量劳动就业,但也存在劳动用工不规范等问题。工会作为亿万职工的“娘家人”,有责任维护劳动者合法权益,推动劳企和谐劳动关系构建。通过积极探索平台经济下工会保障新就业形态劳动者权益实践,以西安市外卖配送员为例,对建会入会、劳动基准、算法管理、社会保险等进行分析,提出工会提质升级阶段发展新要求,从完善劳动基准、社会保险权益和发挥企业民主管理制度优势等方面,探索补齐劳动者权益保障短板,推动劳动关系“和谐号”行稳致远。

印度与欧盟关系新发展的动力和制约因素

“印太战略”背景下,印欧关系出现了新发展。双方战略关系更加紧密,经贸数字和技术领域合作进一步开展,同时印欧聚焦外交和安全事务,加大对人工智能、城市数字化转型等新兴技术领域的投资与开发。受到国际格局变化和中国崛起的驱动,双方不断加强战略自主,塑造多边主义国际秩序以维护自身利益。欧盟的内部分歧影响其对于印太地区的资源倾斜,印欧在经济、人权方面的隔阂以及双方战略重心和认知的不同阻碍着印欧关系的发展。

工会推动和谐劳动关系标准化建设的路径探讨

劳动关系是社会经济关系重要的组成部分,是构建和谐社会的基础。工会组织是中国共产党领导的职工自愿结合的工人阶级群众组织,是党联系职工群众的桥梁和纽带,肩负着反映职工利益诉求、协调劳动关系、化解劳资矛盾、推动和谐劳动关系构建的重要职责。工会推动和谐劳动关系标准化建设,应从源头参与劳动法律法规的制度设计;运用劳动关系协调机制,搭建劳资对话的平台,及时化解劳动纠纷,探索新就业形态下新劳动标准、新社会保险、新劳动监察体系;不断夯实工会的组织基础,激活工会的内生动力;在此基础上,探索创新维权服务的工作体系,满足劳动者的多样化需求。工会需从这四个方面着力,编织起劳动领域的安全网,推动和谐劳动关系标准化建设。

The Security Strategy of the European Union: Origin, Evolution, and Policy Direction

With the deepening development of European integration and the change of international situation, member states of the European Union(EU) have gradually strengthened consultation and coordination in the field of security and established corresponding mechanisms. In this process,the EU has also formed and developed its National Security Strategy and issued four versions of security strategy reports in 2003, 2008, 2016, and 2022. The 2022 version of the EU security strategy(hereafter referred to as the New Security Strategy), for the first time, has identified Russia as a long-term and direct threat. Furthermore, it has paid increased attention to traditional security, especially the upgrading of military capabilities and has become more reliant on the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. In the future, the EU will accelerate the militarization process, exert all-out efforts to contain Russia, scrutinize neighborhood security, and increase its swing on China policy.

欧洲议会涉台决议出台的政治与技术机理——基于“欧盟-台湾政治关系与合作”决议案的分析

随着中欧关系向“竞合”方向深入发展,欧洲议会涉台决议通过的速度大幅提升。从2021年“欧盟一台湾政治关系与合作”决议案的出台过程看,欧洲议会的对华政策取向、“党团政治”特点以及台湾地区当局对欧盟的政治游说构成了涉台决议出台的政治机理;而涉台决议通过的“低门槛”和“程序便利”则为决议案的加速出台提供了“技术支持”。以上二者共同构成了当前欧洲议会涉台决议出台的因果机制。虽然当前欧洲议会的涉台决议尚无法动摇欧盟的一个中国政策,却推动了欧盟内部“挺台”氛围和势力的进一步形成,使中欧关系中的台湾问题因素日益凸显。

量子思维与国际关系研究:一个基本观察

近年来,把量子理论引入社会科学研究成为新兴的跨学科努力。它尝试把有别于传统思维的量子思维纳入学科研究中。在新思维启发下,人们看到世界所呈现的特征具有整体性、不连续性、复杂因果关系和不确定性。思维方式的改变引起国际关系研究的“量子转向”。复杂纠缠乃是国际社会的基本状态;意识在国际关系中起着不可忽略的作用;国际政治具有不可预测性。在外交方面,人们看到国家层面竞争与合作的纠缠性,机构层面的行为叠加性以及战略构想上的整体性。把量子思维引入国际关系研究,旨在从根本上重构认知过程,发现被传统思维所忽略的东西,从而有可能使国际关系摆脱目前面临的诸多困境和难题。

平台企业-工会竞合关系的演化博弈研究

在资强劳弱的现实背景下,作为劳方利益的代言人工会的有效介入来保护员工合法权益被寄予了期望,论文运用演化博弈的方法建立平台企业-工会竞合关系的演化博弈模型,并运用MATLAB软件进行数值实验,分析平台企业-工会竞合关系的演变过程。结果表明:平台企业与工会的竞合博弈过程不存在演化均衡状态,双方的行为策略选择呈现周期性模式,体现出平台企业与工会的竞合动态关系;平台企业-工会竞合演化机制存在缺陷,在传统的弱工会情境下,双方难以实现有效合作,但随着工会地位的增强,这种局面会得到改善。对此,论文从平台企业和工会两个方面提出对策建议,以期促进平台企业构建和谐劳资关系,达到共赢的目标,助力数字经济健康发展。

工会实有功能最大化研究——基于2021年新修正《工会法》

当前劳动争议案件逐年递增,作为企业职工维权代表的工会是否发挥其应有价值,值得重新探讨。因此结合2021年新修正《工会法》,研究如何使工会实有功能最大化乃迫在眉睫。需突破目前仅以批判为主的研究思路,尝试从法解释学视角,解释新修正《工会法》原则性条款偏多之原因在于其法律位阶仅次于宪法,高于劳动立法。而如何使原则性条款发挥作用需结合相关法律进行体系化分析,避免因有抽象模糊之嫌,妨碍职工合法权益之保障。同时在解释的基础上,尝试将《工会法》原则性规定落实到具体司法实践当中,进一步加强工会的参与度,即建立对内对外两条并行的协商机制:对内形成“职工-工会-企业”三方协商机制,其旨在有效预防职工与企业间发生冲突,提高工会在企业经营管理过程中的参与度,让职工认识到工会的职能和价值,积极通过工会解决问题,从而降低自身维权成本;对外则形成“企业-工会-劳动行政部门”三方协商机制,即通过劳动行政部门的行政强制手段,督促企业改正。因此工会实有功能最大化之实现以新修正《工会法》为支点,结合相关法律形成体系,以地区条例作为适当补充,加快促进三方协商机制的建立和完善乃为今之良策。

地区一体化背景下白俄罗斯、俄罗斯和中国地区间贸易关系的发展前景

基于白俄罗斯、俄罗斯和中国地区间联系的发展现状及趋势,提出在俄白联盟国家框架下形成深化地区间合作制度基础的建议,包括完善法律保障制度、扩大俄白联盟国家管理机构及地方自治机构的权力、协调和发展一体化环境。疏理了《中华人民共和国与白俄罗斯共和国地区间合作发展战略》草案的基本条款和增加非钾肥商品出口规模的建议,这些建议考虑到需求、白产品的价格竞争力、扩大高科技产品和地区专业产品出口,以及将中小企业主体、集群纳入合作等因素。区域联盟成为白、俄、中三国地区间联系增长的待挖掘潜力。在地区一体化背景下,提升地区间合作潜力的关键在于建立中国和欧亚经济联盟国家各地区对外经济战略现状和当前变化的信息分析数据库,发挥欧亚经济联盟数字物流走廊项目的潜力,成立商品销售联盟,制订将特大城市及城市群、创新区、工业园区和边境地区纳入地区间合作范畴的联合行动计划。原文发表于俄罗斯《地区:经济学与社会学》杂志2022年第4期1,经作者同意在《西伯利亚研究》以中文刊发。