The Strange Relationship between the Momentum of a Photon Emitted from an Electron and the Momentum Acquired by the Electron

In quantum mechanics, the energy of a hydrogen atom is minimized when the principal quantum number n is 1. However, the author has previously pointed out that the hydrogen atom has a state where n=0. An electron in the state where n=0has zero rest mass energy. However, a hydrogen atom has an energy level even lower than the n=0state. This is hard to accept from the standpoint of common sense. Thus, the author has previously pointed out that an electron at the energy level where n=0has zero energy because the positive energy mec2and negative energy −mec2cancel each other out. This paper elucidates the strange relationship between the momentum of a photon emitted when a hydrogen atom is formed by an electron with such characteristics, and the momentum acquired by the electron.

A novel binary effective medium model to describe the prepeak stressstrain relationship of combined bodies of rock-like material and rock

Combined bodies of rock-like material and rock are widely encountered in geotechnical engineering,such as tunnels and mines.The existing theoretical models describing the stress-strain relationship of a combined body lack a binary feature.Based on effective medium theory,this paper presents the governing equation of the“elastic modulus”for combined and single bodies under triaxial compressive tests.A binary effective medium model is then established.Based on the compressive experiment of concretegranite combined bodies,the feasibility of determining the stress threshold based on crack axial strain is discussed,and the model is verified.The model is further extended to coal-rock combined bodies of more diverse types,and the variation laws of the compressive mechanical parameters are then discussed.The results show that the fitting accuracy of the model with the experimental curves of the concretegranite combined bodies and various types of coal-rock combined bodies are over 95%.The crack axial strain method can replace the crack volumetric strain method,which clarifies the physical meanings of the model parameters.The variation laws of matrix parameters and crack parameters are discussed in depth and are expected to be more widely used in geotechnical engineering.

GDI and GSI: China’s New Propositions for Global Governance

In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.

Enigma of Exam-oriented Education in China:A comparison on Sino-U.S.Educational Concepts in Higher Education

College English teaching in China has long been criticized for its orientation to examination that consequently brings about negative learning attitude and ineffective learning achievement.Chinese educationists have brought forward several ap proaches to solve this problem but little has been changed due to the cultural influences.This paper analyzes the roots of examoriented education system in China in perspective of culture by comparing the Sino-U.S.cultural elements in depth in tradition al culture,learning and teaching motivation,teacher-student relationship and learners'engagement in class.This paper finally poses two suggestions on how to change the current situation gradually:(1) Focus on the washback of evaluation system on edu cational concepts.(2) Transform the product-evaluation to process-evaluation gradually by standardizing the current evaluation approaches,especially the standards of process-evaluation.

基于SpringBoot的客户关系管理系统设计与实现

面对数字化转型的挑战,开发基于B/S架构的客户关系管理系统非常有意义。文章对系统进行需求分析,确定系统的架构和功能模块,并对数据库进行设计。系统应用的前端技术主要包括Vue.js框架以及ECharts等组件库,后端技术主要包括SpringBoot和MySQL。系统实现了用户登录、客户管理、销售管理、数据分析等模块。实践表明该系统能够满足企业日常客户关系管理的需要,有助于提升企业的运营效率。

Critical emancipatory reflection on establishing an equal,trusting relationship among surgery participants in clinical practice in China

Objective: Reflection is considered to be one of the important ways to learn from one's experience, and one should be encouraged to apply the skill of reflection in lifelong learning. The author used the critical emancipatory reflection theory to reflect on a practice issue,which was related to the relationship between doctors and nurses, and tries to become a lifelong reflective practitioner in clinical work.Methods: Smyth's reflective framework, which includes the steps describe, inform, confront, and reconstruct, will be used in this article to help the author to understand the process of reflection and improve the skill of reflection. Utilizing Smyth's reflective framework to reflect on an issue in practice allows the author to break the routine way of thinking and learn from experience, as well as providing a higher quality of service for patients.Results: The theory of emancipatory reflection along with the critical reflection theory will be used to determine the beliefs and values that rule the author's action and derive how these are distinct from what the author is supposed to achieve. Besides, critical emancipatory reflection theory will be used to discover the dominant power structures in clinical practice; symbolic interaction and hegemony will be utilized to discover the factors that prevent the author from achieving the desired goals; socialization theory will be applied to facilitate the author in improving the professional identity.Conclusions: Using the critical emancipatory reflection on the issue in practice helps the author to find out the constraints in practice,bridge the espoused value and enacted value, and thereafter undertake transformative changes in practice. Eventually, the author can improve the skill of critical emancipatory reflection and become a lifelong reflective practitioner, and the quality of clinical practice can be improved as a result.

S-1分子筛羟基窝锚定钴用于丙烷脱氢制丙烯

以全硅MFI分子筛(S-1)为载体,采用简单的浸渍法制备了不同钴(Co)含量的Co/S-1催化剂并应用于丙烷脱氢反应。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对Co/S-1进行表征。结果表明,Co负载在S-1载体上并与S-1的Si—OH反应生成单位点Co物种和超小的Co纳米团簇,这些物种是丙烷脱氢的主要活性中心。Co的负载量对丙烷脱氢影响很大,当负载量较低时,活性Co物种较少,丙烷脱氢性能较差;当负载量较高时,Co物种会团聚成大颗粒不利于丙烷脱氢反应。通过优化制备条件,发现当Co负载量为1%(质量分数)时,Co/S-1的丙烷脱氢性能最优,循环使用5次后丙烷转化率、丙烯选择性和丙烯产率均未出现明显的下降。

Relationship between the Brittlement Susceptibility and H Permeation Current for UNS G11180 Steel in 5% NaCl Solution with H_2S

Sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) behaviour of UNS G11180 steel in 5% NaCl solution with H2S was studied by slow strain rate tensile test (SSRT), SEM and electrochemical hydro gen permeation technique. The results reveal different cracking mechanism and H permeation current (IH) through UNS G11180 steel plate in different concentration of H2S solution. The susceptibility to SSCC of UNS G11180 Steel in 5% NaCl solution with H2S was evaluated by the permeation current(IH, μA), which depends on the concentration (c×10-6) of H2S by the equation:IH = 8.525 ×c0.7249. lt is proved that the electrochemical H permeation method is a practical way to assess the susceptibility to SSCC.

Dark Matter and the Energy-Momentum Relationship in a Hydrogen Atom

Einstein derived the energy-momentum relationship which holds in an isolated system in free space. However, this relationship is not applicable in the space inside a hydrogen atom where there is potential energy. Therefore, in 2011, the author derived an energy-momentum relationship applicable to the electron constituting a hydrogen atom. This paper derives that relationship in a simpler way using another method. From this relationship, it is possible to derive the formula for the energy levels of a hydrogen atom. The energy values obtained from this formula almost match the theoretical values of Bohr. However, the relationship derived by the author includes a state that cannot be predicted with Bohr’s theory. In the hydrogen atom, there is an energy level with n = 0. Also, there are energy levels where the relativistic energy of the electron becomes negative. An electron with this negative energy (mass) exists near the atomic nucleus (proton). The name “dark hydrogen atom” is given to matter formed from one electron with this negative mass and one proton with positive mass. Dark hydrogen atoms, dark hydrogen molecules, other types of dark atoms, and aggregates made up of dark molecules are plausible candidates for dark matter, the mysterious type of matter whose true nature is currently unknown.

Fulbright Program: A Bright Facet of Sino-U.S. People-to-People Exchange

In the history of Chinese-American people-to-people exchange,the implementation of the China-U.S.Fulbright Program is surely a bright facet which should not be ignored.This program has been cultivating talents in the fields of social sciences and humanities for the two countries,promoting Sino-U.S.communications in the domains of education,academia and culture,and propelling the diffusion and advance of both Chinese and American cultures.The Fulbright Program in China still has certain limitations waiting to be improved,and one obvious problem is its coverage in China.To solve this problem,more Chinese higher education institutions should be included in the China-U.S.Fulbright Program,and the result would be the generation of immeasurable value for the prosperity of Sino-American people-to-people exchange and therefore the construction of the new model of major country relations between China and the United States.

Bush' s China Policy and the Future of Sino-U.S.Relations

The past two years have witnessed great fluctuations ininternational oil prices,and diplomatic efforts,both above andunder the table,by major powers around this issue.The currenttension in the war-threatened Iraq has added more uncertainties to thefuture world oil situation.Will the world oil supply and demand change?What impact would this exert on big powers’ oil strategy choices,geopolitics as well as world economy?What should China do in such asituation?To find the answers to these questions,at the invitation of theeditor of the Contemporary International Relations,seven experts fromChina Institute of Contemporary International Relations gathered to have adiscussion in early February this year.Naturally,they have differentviews over many issues.Still,we hope our readers would find theirdiscussion interesting.Following is the list of participants.

China's WTO Entry Helps Sino-US Ties

China applied for restoration of its status as the GATT founding member in1986. The country has made great endeavor in reducing customs duties, removing non-tariff barriers, enhancing protection of intellectual property rights andservice trades, launching reform of the foreign trade regime, eliminating trade bar-riers and improving environment for foreign investment. Over the past 14 years,China has taken part in 26 relevant multilateral meetings and hundreds of bilateralnegotiations.

多硝基含能化合物5 s爆发点的定量构效关系

为精确预测含能材料的5 s爆发点,解决大量新型含能材料实验测试难度大、安全数据不全等问题,基于定量构效关系(QSPR)原理,研究多硝基含能材料分子结构与5 s爆发点(ln T E)间的内在定量关系。应用集成学习算法随机森林(RF)筛选出8个对5 s爆发点具有显著影响的分子描述符;采用人工神经网络(ANN)建立90种多硝基含能材料5 s爆发点的预测模型。73种训练集的复决定系数为0.918,均方根误差为0.036,平均绝对误差为0.027。17个检验样本的复决定系数为0.903,均方根误差为0.061,平均绝对误差为0.053。对模型进行了验证以及应用域评价。结果表明:模型具备较好的预测性和泛化性能,可用于对多硝基含能材料的5 s爆发点进行精度较高的预测,有效解决现有含能材料的爆发点数据不够全面的问题,为相关产品研制与生产安全提供参考。

Frugality and overspending:sources of Sino-U.S.economic imbalances

Savings rates are the biggest difference in the economic structures of China and the United States,the two most important countries in today’s global economy.China has the highest savings rate of any major country,while the United States,at the other end of the spectrum, has the lowest.This paper discusses the origin of this contrast and its far-reaching implications for two-way economic and trade ties.

New Sino-US Strategic Gambling and China’s Strategy

Since confidence is fading and anxiety is increasing in the US,America’s China policy has become more radical. In the short term, the US has the upper hand and China is in a relatively passive position. In the medium-and long-term, there will be more balance between them. This current strategic gambling between China and the US will be the major issue of international politics in the first half of the 21 st century and the most prominent external challenge China faces. China needs to make strategic adjustments but the gamble may be worthwhile in correcting imbalance in the international order and in the co-evolution of the two countries.

Relationships between two Pseudoalteromonas strains isolated from the Canada Basin and the Southern Ocean using a polyphasic approach

The evolutionary relationships and taxonomic position of two marine planktonic bacterial strains BSw20211 and BSwl0014, isolated from the Canada Basin and from the Southern Ocean, respectively, were determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. There was a close phylogenetic relationship between the two strains and most phenotypic properties were shared. Nonetheless, they were found to belong to different species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas on the basis of genotypic analyses. Findings were consistent with the suggestion that gyrB gene sequence comparison and DNA-DNA relatedness might better define phylogenetic relationships of bacteria at the species level. However, a cut-off value of 90% gyrB gene sequence similarity was not reliable for the differentiation of species within the genus Pseudoalteromonas.

Public-Private Partnerships to Address Global Environmental Problem： Sino-US Cooperation on Climate Change and Energy

The study indicates that public-private partnerships （PPPs） can play ＂strategic＂, ＂practical＂, or ＂regulative＂ roles by making use of ＂instrumental＂, ＂institutional＂, and ＂normative＂ approaches in tackling political issues between countries. PPPs have often been discussed in studies of urban development, service provision, health care, and so on, but they have rarely been analyzed in terms of international relations and political problems on global environmental issues. This study takes an environmental problena---Sino-US energy and climate change cooperation--as a case study to inspect the possible roles and approaches of PPPs. Sino-US cooperation has been launched such as under the Strategic ＆ Economic Dialogue （S＆ED） by both administrations, which has significantly contributed to their reconciliation of domestic abatement policies in climate change, environmental protection, and energy. The establishment of schemes such as the Ten-Year Framework for Cooperation on Energy and Environment （TYF）, the EcoPartnerships, and wide-ranging dialogues and initiatives on clean energy and clean vehicles, in which both public and private actors participate, are among the important approaches of facilitating bilateral cooperation. The study concludes that these schemes have played strategic and practical roles in strengthening the degree of mutual trust and in facilitating the progress of cooperation, although more investigations are needed to considerate their regulative roles. The application of instrumental, institutional, and normative approaches have been observed through the implementation of the TYF and EcoPartnerships.

Genetic Variations and Relationships of Papua’s Endemic Orchids Based on RAPD Markers

Orchidaceae has known as an attractive flower and immense species. We have found a large species of Orchidaceae grow naturally in Papua’s jungle, Indonesia territorial. This study aims to reveal genetic variation and genetic relationships among endemic orchids in Papua based on RAPD markers. The study included 26 accessions of Papua’s endemic orchids used for genomic DNA extraction. Genomic DNAs were extracted by usingDNAextraction kit from Qiagen and genomic DNA amplification by using 10 decamer RAPD primers. DNA fragments that were amplified by Polymerase Change Reaction (PCR) were visualized and documented by using UV illumination apparatus. Genetically, endemic Orchids in Papua were described high variation. Fragments amplification by using ten RAPD primers and performed in the PCR tools resulted in 54 numbers of polymorphic fragments and no monomorphic band. The number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 4 to 7 with averaged 5.4 bands per assay unit. The genetic dissimilarities (GDs) among examined orchids ranged from 0.10 to 0.94 based on Nei’s unbiased coefficients. Dendrogram construction showed that Papua’s endemic orchid (PEO) samples different from another and separated to form group by their own at the 0.40 coefficient value and at the 0.6 coefficient value indicate that PEO sample is divided into nine groups i.e. samples at the genera level were separated into their own groups.

On the Relationship between Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Global Temperature

The study of dynamic relationships between the atmospheric carbon dioxide and the Earth’s global temperature in the current changing climate supported the notion that the trend in the global temperature followed the trend in the atmospheric CO2 before the climate hiatus that started in the beginning of the 21st century. During the hiatus period, the heat trapped by the atmospheric CO2 is going mostly to the ocean. This conclusion is supported by comparison of the CO2 trend with the trend in the ocean heat content. The phase relationships between the CO2 and temperature are more complicated after the removal of the trends. The phase relationships are chaotic on time scales shorter than the annual time scale. During 1986-2008, the atmospheric CO2 changed in an-ti-phase with the global temperature. The phase relationship reversed in 1979 and after 2010. The atmospheric CO2 was in-phase with the global temperature on the El Nino time scale (2.3 - 7 years) except during very strong El Nino years in 1991-1999 when CO2 led the global temperature.