After several years of stress and strains, a historical opportunity appears on thehorizon for considerable improvement of Sino-US relations. It will determinethe nature of long-term relationship in the post-Cold War y...After several years of stress and strains, a historical opportunity appears on thehorizon for considerable improvement of Sino-US relations. It will determinethe nature of long-term relationship in the post-Cold War years. The展开更多
January 1, 1999 marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of diplomaticties between China and the United Slates. Over the past two decades, the bi-lateral relationship has traversed a bumpy path of a "para-...January 1, 1999 marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of diplomaticties between China and the United Slates. Over the past two decades, the bi-lateral relationship has traversed a bumpy path of a "para-strategic partnership" inthe eighties, of "cold confrontation" in the first half of the nineties and of a "rela-tively stable development" in the past two years or so. The two decades have witnessed uninterrupted explorations for a mutually ac-ceptable strategic definition of bilateral relations, which have been characterized展开更多
The roller coaster Sino-US relations over the past 50 years have dipped to a newlow once again this year, with clamor for strategic competition drowning outadvocacy of strategic cooperation on the other shore of the P...The roller coaster Sino-US relations over the past 50 years have dipped to a newlow once again this year, with clamor for strategic competition drowning outadvocacy of strategic cooperation on the other shore of the Pacific Ocean. Why bi-lateral ties have thus far failed to shatter this erratic puzzling bind ? A review of thepast 50 years will perhaps offer us much food for thought.展开更多
The general elections in the United States this year will elect the first presidentin the new millennium, a third of the senators (34) and all the 435 house rep-resentatives. The event will have a historic importance ...The general elections in the United States this year will elect the first presidentin the new millennium, a third of the senators (34) and all the 435 house rep-resentatives. The event will have a historic importance in the annals of the nationbecause involved will not only be the political fortune and strategic direction of theDemocratic and the Republic Parties but also changes in US foreign policy, Chinapolicy in particular.展开更多
2018 marks the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening up,and also the 40 th anniversary of the establishment of China-US diplomatic ties.On December 16,1978,the Chinese and American governments published ...2018 marks the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening up,and also the 40 th anniversary of the establishment of China-US diplomatic ties.On December 16,1978,the Chinese and American governments published the Joint Communiqué of the People's Republic of China and the United States of America.Nearly at the same time,the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held its third plenary session in Beijing between December 18 and 22,1978.This was no coincidence: Sino-US relations are an issue integral to China's development.展开更多
Human society is ,no stranger to risk,but the global challenges and security threats faced by the world today make risk management or crisis control more inevitable in social and national governance.The goal of crisis...Human society is ,no stranger to risk,but the global challenges and security threats faced by the world today make risk management or crisis control more inevitable in social and national governance.The goal of crisis management is to overcome differences,build trust,reduce or eliminate conflict risk and keep the overall layout as normal.Crisis control, as well as economic construction,the legislative agenda,and social mechanisms are two sides of national governance.Against the backdrop of the expansion of China-US exchanges and communication and China's rising strength and global influence,there have been many political, economic and military frictions between China and the United States.展开更多
Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(ex...Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and‘no data’areas in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau)as the fundamental units of analysis.By employing nighttime light(NTL)data to identify shrinking cities,the propensity score matching(PSM)model was used to quantitatively examine the impact of shrinking cities on land prices,and evaluate the magnitude of this influence.The findings demonstrate the following:1)there were 613 shrinking cities in China,with moderate shrinkage being the most prevalent and severe shrinkage being the least.2)Regional disparities are evident in the spatial distribution of shrinking cities,especially in areas with diverse terrain.3)The spatial pattern of land price exhibits a significant correlated to the economic and administrative levels.4)Shrinking cities significantly negatively impact on the overall land price(ATT=–0.1241,P<0.05).However,the extent of the effect varies significantly among different spatial regions.This study contributes novel insights into the investigation of land prices and shrinking cities,ultimately serving as a foundation for government efforts to promote the sustainable development of urban areas.展开更多
In this article, we study generating sets of the complete semigroups of binary relations defined by X-semilattices of unions of the class Σ<sub>8</sub>(X, 5). Found uniquely irreducible generating set for...In this article, we study generating sets of the complete semigroups of binary relations defined by X-semilattices of unions of the class Σ<sub>8</sub>(X, 5). Found uniquely irreducible generating set for the given semigroups and when X is finite set formulas for calculating the number of elements in generating sets are derived.展开更多
In agreement with Titchmarsh’s theorem, we prove that dispersion relations are just the Fourier-transform of the identity, g(x′)=±Sgn(x′)g(x′), which defines the property of being a truncated functions at the...In agreement with Titchmarsh’s theorem, we prove that dispersion relations are just the Fourier-transform of the identity, g(x′)=±Sgn(x′)g(x′), which defines the property of being a truncated functions at the origin. On the other hand, we prove that the wave-function of a generalized diffraction in time problem is just the Fourier-transform of a truncated function. Consequently, the existence of dispersion relations for the diffraction in time wave-function follows. We derive these explicit dispersion relations.展开更多
We theoretically investigate the propagation characteristics of spin waves in skyrmion-based magnonic crystals. It is found that the dispersion relation can be manipulated by strains through magneto-elastic coupling. ...We theoretically investigate the propagation characteristics of spin waves in skyrmion-based magnonic crystals. It is found that the dispersion relation can be manipulated by strains through magneto-elastic coupling. Especially, the allowed bands and forbidden bands in dispersion relations shift to higher frequency with strain changing from compressive to tensile,while shifting to lower frequency with strain changing from tensile to compressive. We also confirm that the spin wave with specific frequency can pass the magnonic crystal or be blocked by tuning the strains. The result provides an advanced platform for studying the tunable skyrmion-based spin wave devices.展开更多
Effective data communication is a crucial aspect of the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)and continues to be a significant research focus.This paper proposes a data forwarding algorithm based on Multidimensional Social ...Effective data communication is a crucial aspect of the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)and continues to be a significant research focus.This paper proposes a data forwarding algorithm based on Multidimensional Social Relations(MSRR)in SIoT to solve this problem.The proposed algorithm separates message forwarding into intra-and cross-community forwarding by analyzing interest traits and social connections among nodes.Three new metrics are defined:the intensity of node social relationships,node activity,and community connectivity.Within the community,messages are sent by determining which node is most similar to the sender by weighing the strength of social connections and node activity.When a node performs cross-community forwarding,the message is forwarded to the most reasonable relay community by measuring the node activity and the connection between communities.The proposed algorithm was compared to three existing routing algorithms in simulation experiments.Results indicate that the proposed algorithmsubstantially improves message delivery efficiency while lessening network overhead and enhancing connectivity and coordination in the SIoT context.展开更多
Text classification,by automatically categorizing texts,is one of the foundational elements of natural language processing applications.This study investigates how text classification performance can be improved throu...Text classification,by automatically categorizing texts,is one of the foundational elements of natural language processing applications.This study investigates how text classification performance can be improved through the integration of entity-relation information obtained from the Wikidata(Wikipedia database)database and BERTbased pre-trained Named Entity Recognition(NER)models.Focusing on a significant challenge in the field of natural language processing(NLP),the research evaluates the potential of using entity and relational information to extract deeper meaning from texts.The adopted methodology encompasses a comprehensive approach that includes text preprocessing,entity detection,and the integration of relational information.Experiments conducted on text datasets in both Turkish and English assess the performance of various classification algorithms,such as Support Vector Machine,Logistic Regression,Deep Neural Network,and Convolutional Neural Network.The results indicate that the integration of entity-relation information can significantly enhance algorithmperformance in text classification tasks and offer new perspectives for information extraction and semantic analysis in NLP applications.Contributions of this work include the utilization of distant supervised entity-relation information in Turkish text classification,the development of a Turkish relational text classification approach,and the creation of a relational database.By demonstrating potential performance improvements through the integration of distant supervised entity-relation information into Turkish text classification,this research aims to support the effectiveness of text-based artificial intelligence(AI)tools.Additionally,it makes significant contributions to the development ofmultilingual text classification systems by adding deeper meaning to text content,thereby providing a valuable addition to current NLP studies and setting an important reference point for future research.展开更多
The strategic importance of the Middle East oil in China’s energy security had been and will continue to be prominent.China has been cultivating bilateral relationships with the Middle East oil-producing countries ov...The strategic importance of the Middle East oil in China’s energy security had been and will continue to be prominent.China has been cultivating bilateral relationships with the Middle East oil-producing countries over the last decade.China’s energy pursuits in the Middle East have led to tensions in Sino-US relations and may also pose effect upon the American energy and security interests in the region.China should,with an aim to ensure its energy security and further boost its relations with the Middle East,make some necessary readjustments of its policies toward the Middle East and Africa while adhering to its established principles.展开更多
The phenomenon of “missing mass” in galaxies has triggered new theoretical exploration, forming a competition between dark matter assumption, modified Newtonian dynamics and modified gravity. Over the past forty yea...The phenomenon of “missing mass” in galaxies has triggered new theoretical exploration, forming a competition between dark matter assumption, modified Newtonian dynamics and modified gravity. Over the past forty years, various versions of the modified scenario have been proposed to simulate the effects of missing mass. These schemes replace the dynamic effect of dark matter by introducing some tiny extra force terms in the dynamic equations. Such extra forces have mainly interactions on large scales of galaxies, such as fitting the Tully-Fisher relation or asymptotically flat rotation curves. The discussion in this paper shows that the evidence of taking the modified schemes as fundamental theory is still insufficient. In this paper, we display a system of simplified galactic dynamical equations derived from weak field and low-speed approximations of Einstein field equations, and then we use it to discuss two important empirical relations in galactic dynamics, namely the Faber-Jackson relation and Tully-Fisher relation, as well as the related fundamental plane. These discussions provide a reference scheme for improving the dispersion of the empirical relations, and also provide a theoretical foundation to analyze the properties of dark matter and galactic structures.展开更多
"The network will foster newrelationship between US andChinese small and medium-size companies in 14 key busi-ness centers, generating newopportunities for US SMEs inthe China market and prosper-ity for both our ..."The network will foster newrelationship between US andChinese small and medium-size companies in 14 key busi-ness centers, generating newopportunities for US SMEs inthe China market and prosper-ity for both our great nations,"said Tim Hauser.展开更多
As an important ingredient in bilateral ties, China-US economic and trade rela-tions have now evolved into a bond of strategic interests that glue the world’stwo great powers. Since a trans-Pacific strategic partners...As an important ingredient in bilateral ties, China-US economic and trade rela-tions have now evolved into a bond of strategic interests that glue the world’stwo great powers. Since a trans-Pacific strategic partnership is taking shape in the political arena,the author believes that, the call of the hour is to go a step further and put展开更多
While the need for understanding the effects of topographical factors on forest structure and function is well recognized,comprehensive studies are scarce.This study evaluates the effect of slope aspect and slope posi...While the need for understanding the effects of topographical factors on forest structure and function is well recognized,comprehensive studies are scarce.This study evaluates the effect of slope aspect and slope position on water relations and forest attributes across six forest types occurring between 400 m and 2600 m altitude in the Central Himalaya(27°-38°N).We found that predawn tree water potential and soil water potential were generally higher on moist north slope aspect(-0.78±0.05 MPa and-3.34±0.18 MPa,respectively)than dry south slope aspect(-0.82±0.18 MPa and-3.77±0.18 MPa,respectively).Across six different forests,these values were higher at hill base(-0.71±0.06 MPa and-2.77±0.19 MPa,tree predawn water potential and soil water potential,respectively)than other topographical positions.The favorable effect of north aspect and hill base was also observed in maintaining soil water and tree water potential during the dry season.Vegetation attributes,such as species richness,unique species and plant density were also generally higher on north slope and hill base than southern aspect and lowest at hill top.Across forest types,the hill base provided shelter to 46 unique species,compared to 16-18 at the other positions,thus emphasizing its importance as refugia for species to survive climate change induced perturbations.The favorable conditions of hill base position not only contribute to increase in alpha diversity,but also to extended species distributional range.展开更多
文摘After several years of stress and strains, a historical opportunity appears on thehorizon for considerable improvement of Sino-US relations. It will determinethe nature of long-term relationship in the post-Cold War years. The
文摘January 1, 1999 marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of diplomaticties between China and the United Slates. Over the past two decades, the bi-lateral relationship has traversed a bumpy path of a "para-strategic partnership" inthe eighties, of "cold confrontation" in the first half of the nineties and of a "rela-tively stable development" in the past two years or so. The two decades have witnessed uninterrupted explorations for a mutually ac-ceptable strategic definition of bilateral relations, which have been characterized
文摘The roller coaster Sino-US relations over the past 50 years have dipped to a newlow once again this year, with clamor for strategic competition drowning outadvocacy of strategic cooperation on the other shore of the Pacific Ocean. Why bi-lateral ties have thus far failed to shatter this erratic puzzling bind ? A review of thepast 50 years will perhaps offer us much food for thought.
文摘The general elections in the United States this year will elect the first presidentin the new millennium, a third of the senators (34) and all the 435 house rep-resentatives. The event will have a historic importance in the annals of the nationbecause involved will not only be the political fortune and strategic direction of theDemocratic and the Republic Parties but also changes in US foreign policy, Chinapolicy in particular.
文摘2018 marks the 40 th anniversary of China's reform and opening up,and also the 40 th anniversary of the establishment of China-US diplomatic ties.On December 16,1978,the Chinese and American governments published the Joint Communiqué of the People's Republic of China and the United States of America.Nearly at the same time,the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held its third plenary session in Beijing between December 18 and 22,1978.This was no coincidence: Sino-US relations are an issue integral to China's development.
文摘Human society is ,no stranger to risk,but the global challenges and security threats faced by the world today make risk management or crisis control more inevitable in social and national governance.The goal of crisis management is to overcome differences,build trust,reduce or eliminate conflict risk and keep the overall layout as normal.Crisis control, as well as economic construction,the legislative agenda,and social mechanisms are two sides of national governance.Against the backdrop of the expansion of China-US exchanges and communication and China's rising strength and global influence,there have been many political, economic and military frictions between China and the United States.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071222,41771194)。
文摘Urban shrinkage has emerged as a widespread phenomenon globally and has a significant impact on land,particularly in terms of land use and price.This study focuses on 2851 county-level cities in China in 2005–2018(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan,and‘no data’areas in Qinhai-Tibet Plateau)as the fundamental units of analysis.By employing nighttime light(NTL)data to identify shrinking cities,the propensity score matching(PSM)model was used to quantitatively examine the impact of shrinking cities on land prices,and evaluate the magnitude of this influence.The findings demonstrate the following:1)there were 613 shrinking cities in China,with moderate shrinkage being the most prevalent and severe shrinkage being the least.2)Regional disparities are evident in the spatial distribution of shrinking cities,especially in areas with diverse terrain.3)The spatial pattern of land price exhibits a significant correlated to the economic and administrative levels.4)Shrinking cities significantly negatively impact on the overall land price(ATT=–0.1241,P<0.05).However,the extent of the effect varies significantly among different spatial regions.This study contributes novel insights into the investigation of land prices and shrinking cities,ultimately serving as a foundation for government efforts to promote the sustainable development of urban areas.
文摘In this article, we study generating sets of the complete semigroups of binary relations defined by X-semilattices of unions of the class Σ<sub>8</sub>(X, 5). Found uniquely irreducible generating set for the given semigroups and when X is finite set formulas for calculating the number of elements in generating sets are derived.
文摘In agreement with Titchmarsh’s theorem, we prove that dispersion relations are just the Fourier-transform of the identity, g(x′)=±Sgn(x′)g(x′), which defines the property of being a truncated functions at the origin. On the other hand, we prove that the wave-function of a generalized diffraction in time problem is just the Fourier-transform of a truncated function. Consequently, the existence of dispersion relations for the diffraction in time wave-function follows. We derive these explicit dispersion relations.
文摘We theoretically investigate the propagation characteristics of spin waves in skyrmion-based magnonic crystals. It is found that the dispersion relation can be manipulated by strains through magneto-elastic coupling. Especially, the allowed bands and forbidden bands in dispersion relations shift to higher frequency with strain changing from compressive to tensile,while shifting to lower frequency with strain changing from tensile to compressive. We also confirm that the spin wave with specific frequency can pass the magnonic crystal or be blocked by tuning the strains. The result provides an advanced platform for studying the tunable skyrmion-based spin wave devices.
基金supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(61972136)the Hubei Provincial Department of Education Outstanding Youth Scientific Innovation Team Support Foundation(T201410,T2020017)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Xiaogan City(XGKJ2022010095,XGKJ2022010094)the Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Hubei Province(No.Q20222704).
文摘Effective data communication is a crucial aspect of the Social Internet of Things(SIoT)and continues to be a significant research focus.This paper proposes a data forwarding algorithm based on Multidimensional Social Relations(MSRR)in SIoT to solve this problem.The proposed algorithm separates message forwarding into intra-and cross-community forwarding by analyzing interest traits and social connections among nodes.Three new metrics are defined:the intensity of node social relationships,node activity,and community connectivity.Within the community,messages are sent by determining which node is most similar to the sender by weighing the strength of social connections and node activity.When a node performs cross-community forwarding,the message is forwarded to the most reasonable relay community by measuring the node activity and the connection between communities.The proposed algorithm was compared to three existing routing algorithms in simulation experiments.Results indicate that the proposed algorithmsubstantially improves message delivery efficiency while lessening network overhead and enhancing connectivity and coordination in the SIoT context.
文摘Text classification,by automatically categorizing texts,is one of the foundational elements of natural language processing applications.This study investigates how text classification performance can be improved through the integration of entity-relation information obtained from the Wikidata(Wikipedia database)database and BERTbased pre-trained Named Entity Recognition(NER)models.Focusing on a significant challenge in the field of natural language processing(NLP),the research evaluates the potential of using entity and relational information to extract deeper meaning from texts.The adopted methodology encompasses a comprehensive approach that includes text preprocessing,entity detection,and the integration of relational information.Experiments conducted on text datasets in both Turkish and English assess the performance of various classification algorithms,such as Support Vector Machine,Logistic Regression,Deep Neural Network,and Convolutional Neural Network.The results indicate that the integration of entity-relation information can significantly enhance algorithmperformance in text classification tasks and offer new perspectives for information extraction and semantic analysis in NLP applications.Contributions of this work include the utilization of distant supervised entity-relation information in Turkish text classification,the development of a Turkish relational text classification approach,and the creation of a relational database.By demonstrating potential performance improvements through the integration of distant supervised entity-relation information into Turkish text classification,this research aims to support the effectiveness of text-based artificial intelligence(AI)tools.Additionally,it makes significant contributions to the development ofmultilingual text classification systems by adding deeper meaning to text content,thereby providing a valuable addition to current NLP studies and setting an important reference point for future research.
文摘The strategic importance of the Middle East oil in China’s energy security had been and will continue to be prominent.China has been cultivating bilateral relationships with the Middle East oil-producing countries over the last decade.China’s energy pursuits in the Middle East have led to tensions in Sino-US relations and may also pose effect upon the American energy and security interests in the region.China should,with an aim to ensure its energy security and further boost its relations with the Middle East,make some necessary readjustments of its policies toward the Middle East and Africa while adhering to its established principles.
文摘The phenomenon of “missing mass” in galaxies has triggered new theoretical exploration, forming a competition between dark matter assumption, modified Newtonian dynamics and modified gravity. Over the past forty years, various versions of the modified scenario have been proposed to simulate the effects of missing mass. These schemes replace the dynamic effect of dark matter by introducing some tiny extra force terms in the dynamic equations. Such extra forces have mainly interactions on large scales of galaxies, such as fitting the Tully-Fisher relation or asymptotically flat rotation curves. The discussion in this paper shows that the evidence of taking the modified schemes as fundamental theory is still insufficient. In this paper, we display a system of simplified galactic dynamical equations derived from weak field and low-speed approximations of Einstein field equations, and then we use it to discuss two important empirical relations in galactic dynamics, namely the Faber-Jackson relation and Tully-Fisher relation, as well as the related fundamental plane. These discussions provide a reference scheme for improving the dispersion of the empirical relations, and also provide a theoretical foundation to analyze the properties of dark matter and galactic structures.
文摘"The network will foster newrelationship between US andChinese small and medium-size companies in 14 key busi-ness centers, generating newopportunities for US SMEs inthe China market and prosper-ity for both our great nations,"said Tim Hauser.
文摘As an important ingredient in bilateral ties, China-US economic and trade rela-tions have now evolved into a bond of strategic interests that glue the world’stwo great powers. Since a trans-Pacific strategic partnership is taking shape in the political arena,the author believes that, the call of the hour is to go a step further and put
基金Department of Botany,Dolphin(PG)Institute of Bio-medical and Natural SciencesDepartment of Botany,DSB Campus,Kumaun University for liberal supportDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Science,DSB Campus,Kumaun University for the liberal support。
文摘While the need for understanding the effects of topographical factors on forest structure and function is well recognized,comprehensive studies are scarce.This study evaluates the effect of slope aspect and slope position on water relations and forest attributes across six forest types occurring between 400 m and 2600 m altitude in the Central Himalaya(27°-38°N).We found that predawn tree water potential and soil water potential were generally higher on moist north slope aspect(-0.78±0.05 MPa and-3.34±0.18 MPa,respectively)than dry south slope aspect(-0.82±0.18 MPa and-3.77±0.18 MPa,respectively).Across six different forests,these values were higher at hill base(-0.71±0.06 MPa and-2.77±0.19 MPa,tree predawn water potential and soil water potential,respectively)than other topographical positions.The favorable effect of north aspect and hill base was also observed in maintaining soil water and tree water potential during the dry season.Vegetation attributes,such as species richness,unique species and plant density were also generally higher on north slope and hill base than southern aspect and lowest at hill top.Across forest types,the hill base provided shelter to 46 unique species,compared to 16-18 at the other positions,thus emphasizing its importance as refugia for species to survive climate change induced perturbations.The favorable conditions of hill base position not only contribute to increase in alpha diversity,but also to extended species distributional range.